Non-profit organizations (NPO) help in keeping alive those pluralist places which are vital for democracy making processes. The link between the vitality of the voluntary sector and the production of social capital is established because NPO take an active part in the confidence spreading process which is necessary for smooth institutional and economic management. However, the concept of social capital is based on arguable postulates: a «determinist» and a «liberal» one. In the thesis, we have thus tried to deconstruct these theoretical a priori constructions in the complex reality of Sicily in order to use the concept of social capital in a wider interpretative framework. This interpretative framework is thus not limited to the exclusive analysis of social interactions within networks but takes into account the specific nature of their background. Hence, it is possible to re-introduce the modalities of interaction between NPO and authorities as well as the role of the institutions in the production of social capital. ; Les associations contribuent à garder en vie les espaces de pluralisme indispensables à la démocratie. Un lien est établi entre vitalité associative et production de capital social, car les associations participent à la généralisation de la confiance, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement institutionnel et économique. Cependant, la notion de capital social se fonde sur des postulats discutables : l'un « déterministe » et l'autre « libéraliste ». Ainsi, à partir d'une réalité « complexe », celle de la Sicile, nous avons essayé de déconstruire ces a priori théoriques. Ceci afin d'utiliser la notion de capital social dans un cadre interprétatif plus ample qui, d'une part ne s'arrête pas à la seule analyse des interactions sociales au sein des réseaux mais prend en compte la nature spécifique de leur contexte. Et, d'autre part, puisse réintroduire les modalités d'interaction entre associations et pouvoirs publics ainsi que le rôle des institutions dans la production de capital social.
Non-profit organizations (NPO) help in keeping alive those pluralist places which are vital for democracy making processes. The link between the vitality of the voluntary sector and the production of social capital is established because NPO take an active part in the confidence spreading process which is necessary for smooth institutional and economic management. However, the concept of social capital is based on arguable postulates: a «determinist» and a «liberal» one. In the thesis, we have thus tried to deconstruct these theoretical a priori constructions in the complex reality of Sicily in order to use the concept of social capital in a wider interpretative framework. This interpretative framework is thus not limited to the exclusive analysis of social interactions within networks but takes into account the specific nature of their background. Hence, it is possible to re-introduce the modalities of interaction between NPO and authorities as well as the role of the institutions in the production of social capital. ; Les associations contribuent à garder en vie les espaces de pluralisme indispensables à la démocratie. Un lien est établi entre vitalité associative et production de capital social, car les associations participent à la généralisation de la confiance, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement institutionnel et économique. Cependant, la notion de capital social se fonde sur des postulats discutables : l'un « déterministe » et l'autre « libéraliste ». Ainsi, à partir d'une réalité « complexe », celle de la Sicile, nous avons essayé de déconstruire ces a priori théoriques. Ceci afin d'utiliser la notion de capital social dans un cadre interprétatif plus ample qui, d'une part ne s'arrête pas à la seule analyse des interactions sociales au sein des réseaux mais prend en compte la nature spécifique de leur contexte. Et, d'autre part, puisse réintroduire les modalités d'interaction entre associations et pouvoirs publics ainsi que le rôle des institutions dans la production de capital social.
Non-profit organizations (NPO) help in keeping alive those pluralist places which are vital for democracy making processes. The link between the vitality of the voluntary sector and the production of social capital is established because NPO take an active part in the confidence spreading process which is necessary for smooth institutional and economic management. However, the concept of social capital is based on arguable postulates: a «determinist» and a «liberal» one. In the thesis, we have thus tried to deconstruct these theoretical a priori constructions in the complex reality of Sicily in order to use the concept of social capital in a wider interpretative framework. This interpretative framework is thus not limited to the exclusive analysis of social interactions within networks but takes into account the specific nature of their background. Hence, it is possible to re-introduce the modalities of interaction between NPO and authorities as well as the role of the institutions in the production of social capital. ; Les associations contribuent à garder en vie les espaces de pluralisme indispensables à la démocratie. Un lien est établi entre vitalité associative et production de capital social, car les associations participent à la généralisation de la confiance, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement institutionnel et économique. Cependant, la notion de capital social se fonde sur des postulats discutables : l'un « déterministe » et l'autre « libéraliste ». Ainsi, à partir d'une réalité « complexe », celle de la Sicile, nous avons essayé de déconstruire ces a priori théoriques. Ceci afin d'utiliser la notion de capital social dans un cadre interprétatif plus ample qui, d'une part ne s'arrête pas à la seule analyse des interactions sociales au sein des réseaux mais prend en compte la nature spécifique de leur contexte. Et, d'autre part, puisse réintroduire les modalités d'interaction entre associations et pouvoirs publics ainsi que le rôle des institutions dans la production de capital social.
"What happens when one has to intervene in a text that was written by a literate person although their surname does not necessarily correspond to the Homeland's makers, but rather to someone who places themselves in a particular place to narrate a recent history?". María Moreno's question in the epilogue of Memorias de una presa política 1975-1979 interpellates the constitution of the corpus of testimonial narratives in its emblematic axes: patriarchal familism and the narrative of heroic militancy. The recovery of Graciela La Lopre's manuscript with her accounts of captivity in Villa Devoto prison, the editing processes, the attempts to siege her legacy with the intervention of Cristina Pinal, Mary Dal Dosso, Graciela Dillet, Cristina Raschia and Silvia Gabarain, and the organization of the narrative in Cristina Feijóo's prologue dismantle the myths of the literate testimony. Women authors by proxy, pseudonym and common nickname frame the question regarding the possession of the original and a new autobiographical pact in which the characters of the story validate the facts that literature narrates. The romantic narrative of the exchange of love letters with a man and the termination of life by suicide with barbiturates in an apartment in Paris alter heroic protocols and configure their divergent fold. Beyond the binary model of the construction of the senses among the wrecked and the spared, I am interested in exploring how the literate testimony of La Lopre's captivity, in a double register of literary and sexual genre, registers political violence from a class perspective. It is the story told by the unwitting witness of cruelty. It does not recognize a militant mandate that must be fulfilled. It does not survive to tell. ; "¿Qué sucede cuando hay que intervenir en un texto que fue escrito por alguien letrado aunque su apellido no corresponda a los hacedores de la Patria sino que es el de alguien que se coloca en determinado lugar para narrar una historia reciente?". La pregunta de María Moreno en el epílogo de Memorias de una presa política 1975-1979 interpela la constitución del corpus de las narrativas testimoniales en sus ejes emblemáticos: el familismo patriarcal y la narrativa de la militancia heroica. La recuperación del manuscrito de Graciela La Lopre con los relatos del cautiverio en la cárcel de Villa Devoto, los procesos de edición, los asedios al legado en el que intervienen Cristina Pinal, Mary Dal Dosso, Graciela Dillet, Cristina Raschia y Silvia Gabarain y la organización del relato en el prólogo de Cristina Feijóo desarman los mitos del testimonio letrado. Autoras por delegación, seudónimo y apodo en común enmarcan la pregunta por la posesión del original y un nuevo pacto autobiográfico en el que los personajes del cuento validan los hechos que la literatura narra. La narrativa romántica del intercambio de las cartas de amor con un hombre y la clausura de la vida con suicidio con barbitúricos en un departamento en París alteran los protocolos heroicos y configuran su doblez divergente. Más allá del modelo binario de la construcción de los sentidos entre los hundidos y los salvados, me interesa explorar cómo, el testimonio letrado del cautiverio de La Lopre, en un doble registro de género literario y sexual, inscribe la violencia política desde una mirada de clase. Es el cuento que cuenta el testigo involuntario de la crueldad. No reconoce un mandato militante para cumplir. No sobrevive para contar.
Following 1945, that is the Second World War, Europe faced a huge demographic increase in the number of births, known as baby-boom. Encouraged by the improvement of the living conditions after the devastating war, the return of the optimism, opening of the employment opportunities and the renewal of the idea about the family, this demographic trend entailed the so-called familism tide. In the mid 1960-ies however, demographic indicators in almost all European countries began to change suddenly. Massive development of contraception, increased birth control and family planning, as well as higher employment of women and their integration in the labour market, took place. As a result of these trends, in the 1970-ties European countries faced a considerable drop in fertility rates. This trend reached its peak during 1970-1980-ties when a dramatic drop in fertility rates took place, known as baby-bust. As a consequence, almost everywhere in Europe, the fertility rate dropped below the level needed for simple population reproduction or below 2.1 children per woman. Several related trends also contributed to the change in the demographic picture of Europe, such as: dropping birthrates, shrinking of the population, delay in births (increase in the age of birth of the first child), increase in the number of one-child families, as well as growth in the number of couples without children (universality of births is no longer present – at least 1 child per family). Similar trends are evidenced in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CIE), with one considerable difference – they took place around a decade later compared to the developed European countries. One common characteristic which shaped the demographic changes in CIE countries was the fact that they occurred simultaneously with the radical changes of the societal system from socialism towards democracy in the 1990-ties. Due to this, demographic changes in CIE countries gain in weight, are furthermore under the influence of the transitional processes and thus differ considerably compared to those in the developed countries. The differences are heavily attributable to two sets of factors: a) different institutional settings, especially in the family policies related to employment of women and child raising; and b) different effects of these family policies upon fertility rates and participation of women in the labour market. Given the above demographic trends, welfare states in Europe, adjust accordingly, predominantly through the policies and measures of family policy as one of the social policy domains. Following a detailed statistical analysis of demographic indicators in Europe, this paper will produce an analysis of the family policy responses to demographic trends based on the Esping-Andersens' classification of welfare states: universal welfare states (Nordic countries); conservative welfare states (Continental European countries); liberal social states (Anglo-Saxon countries) and South-European social states (Mediterranean countries). A specific focus in the paper will be also given to the demographic trends and corresponding family policy developments in the Republic of Macedonia, as a country of South Europe. Cross-cutting issues in the analysis of the family policy models will be: the extent to which family policies are gender-neutral or gender-specific (are they women-friendly and do they promote active fatherhood?), measures for harmonization of work and family life (are women appropriately supported in performing their roles of mothers and active participants in the labour market at the same time) and the scope in which family policy is being designed to serve the purposes of population policy (how the concern and the interest of the state to increase fertility rates shapes family policy?).
El presente artículo se propone construir una genealogía de prácticas dramáticas, performáticas y artísticas de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, de la generación de los hijos de desaparecidos, de nietos recuperados y de hermanos de nietos apropiados y recuperados, agrupados en Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio (Hijos) y en Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, que se realizaron en el escenario público entre fines de la década de los setenta y fines de la década de los noventa, que pueda ayudar a comprender, por un lado, por qué el teatro fue considerado por Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo el medio de comunicación artístico más indicado para reflexionar sobre la apropiación de menores como un delito que afecta a la identidad social; y por otro, que pueda contribuir a entender por qué quienes se acercaron a colaborar con la causa político-institucional de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo fueron actores y actrices, cuya profesión, tal como afirma el filósofo José Pablo Feinmann, consiste en encontrar sus identidades a través de los miles de rostros de los personajes que encarnan. Se examinan el discurso institucional y las acciones de búsqueda, denuncia y difusión de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo a partir de un enfoque que prioriza los aspectos culturales, artísticos y mediáticos de su trabajo institucional. Las prácticas de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo son consideradas como tácticas o estrategias de acuerdo con los diferentes contextos histórico-políticos y los términos desarrollados por De Certeau. Para analizar las tácticas y estrategias, se toman los conceptos de teatralidades sociales, testimonio, familismo y narrativa humanitaria. Además, se tienen en cuenta los estudios sobre la renovación generacional en el movimiento de derechos humanos, a partir del surgimiento de Hijos en 1995, y las nociones de protestas performáticas motivadas por el trauma, ADN performático, performances y activismo artístico. ; The present article proposes to build a genealogy of dramatic, performance and artistic practices of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the generation of the children of the disappeared, recovered grandchildren and siblings of appropriated and recovered grandchildren, grouped in Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice against Oblivion and Silence (HIJOS, in Spanish) and Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, that took place on the public stage between the end of the seventies and the end of the nineties, which can help to understand, on the one hand, why the theater was considered by the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo as the most appropriate means of artistic communication to reflect on the appropriation of minors as a crime that affects social identity; and on the other hand, can contribute to understand why those who came to collaborate with the political- institutional cause of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo were actors and actresses, whose profession, as affirmed by the philosopher José Pablo Feinmann, is to find their identities through the thousands of faces of the characters they embody. The institutional discourse and the search, denounce and dissemination actions of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo are examined from an approach that prioritizes the cultural, artistic and media aspects of their institutional work. The practices of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo are considered as tactics or strategies according to the different historical-political contexts and the terms developed by De Certeau. To analyze the tactics and strategies, the concepts of social theatricalities, testimony, familism and humanitarian narrative are taken. In addition, studies on generational renewal in the human rights movement are taken into account, starting with the emergence of Hijos in 1995, and the notions of performative protests motivated by trauma, performative DNA, performances and artistic activism.
El presente artículo se propone construir una genealogía de prácticas dramáticas, performáticas y artísticas de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, de la generación de los hijos de desaparecidos, de nietos recuperados y de hermanos de nietos apropiados y recuperados, agrupados en Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio (Hijos) y en Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, que se realizaron en el escenario público entre fines de la década de los setenta y fines de la década de los noventa, que pueda ayudar a comprender, por un lado, por qué el teatro fue considerado por Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo el medio de comunicación artístico más indicado para reflexionar sobre la apropiación de menores como un delito que afecta a la identidad social; y por otro, que pueda contribuir a entender por qué quienes se acercaron a colaborar con la causa político-institucional de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo fueron actores y actrices, cuya profesión, tal como afirma el filósofo José Pablo Feinmann, consiste en encontrar sus identidades a través de los miles de rostros de los personajes que encarnan. Se examinan el discurso institucional y las acciones de búsqueda, denuncia y difusión de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo a partir de un enfoque que prioriza los aspectos culturales, artísticos y mediáticos de su trabajo institucional. Las prácticas de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo son consideradas como tácticas o estrategias de acuerdo con los diferentes contextos histórico-políticos y los términos desarrollados por De Certeau. Para analizar las tácticas y estrategias, se toman los conceptos de teatralidades sociales, testimonio, familismo y narrativa humanitaria. Además, se tienen en cuenta los estudios sobre la renovación generacional en el movimiento de derechos humanos, a partir del surgimiento de Hijos en 1995, y las nociones de protestas performáticas motivadas por el trauma, ADN performático, performances y activismo artístico. ; The present article proposes to build a genealogy of dramatic, performance and artistic practices of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the generation of the children of the disappeared, recovered grandchildren and siblings of appropriated and recovered grandchildren, grouped in Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice against Oblivion and Silence (HIJOS, in Spanish) and Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, that took place on the public stage between the end of the seventies and the end of the nineties, which can help to understand, on the one hand, why the theater was considered by the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo as the most appropriate means of artistic communication to reflect on the appropriation of minors as a crime that affects social identity; and on the other hand, can contribute to understand why those who came to collaborate with the political- institutional cause of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo were actors and actresses, whose profession, as affirmed by the philosopher José Pablo Feinmann, is to find their identities through the thousands of faces of the characters they embody. The institutional discourse and the search, denounce and dissemination actions of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo are examined from an approach that prioritizes the cultural, artistic and media aspects of their institutional work. The practices of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo are considered as tactics or strategies according to the different historical-political contexts and the terms developed by De Certeau. To analyze the tactics and strategies, the concepts of social theatricalities, testimony, familism and humanitarian narrative are taken. In addition, studies on generational renewal in the human rights movement are taken into account, starting with the emergence of Hijos in 1995, and the notions of performative protests motivated by trauma, performative DNA, performances and artistic activism.
El presente artículo toma como estudio de caso la novela Una muchacha muy bella (2013) del escritor argentino Julián López y se enfoca en el análisis de sus metáforas, especialmente aquellas que, mediante un tratamiento sumamente poético del lenguaje, evocan el terrorismo estatal, contexto social dentro del cual transcurre la narración. En tanto nos encontramos ante figuras retóricas que funcionan al poner en relación dos palabras por semejanza, su uso no solo revela las decisiones escriturarias y las preferencias estéticas del autor, sino también la necesidad de su empleo para dar cuenta del carácter indecible e inefable de lo que se intenta narrar, y cuya potencialidad política la metáfora contiene y sugiere. Con el objetivo general de poner a dialogar la producción literaria de una época con el contexto social y político en que surge, en primer lugar, inscribimos la novela en el universo de las narrativas de la segunda generación de la posdictadura que emergieron durante el período kirchnerista. Luego nos centramos en las metáforas enunciadas en la primera parte de la novela por la voz del narrador niño, específicamente aquellas que remiten al clima amenazante propio del momento represivo. Finalmente, señalamos la tensión que esta novela implica en la serie de los relatos pertenecientes al "familismo" y proponemos así pensar la práctica escrituraria en su dimensión política, es decir, en su capacidad para habilitar otras voces y otros modos del decir de la memoria colectiva. ; This article addresses a case study of the novel Una muchacha muy bella (2013) by Argentine writer Julián López, it focuses on the analysis of its metaphors, especially those that, through an extremely poetic treatment of language, evoke state terrorism, social context within which the narration takes place. While we are faced with rhetorical figures that work by relating two words by similarity, their use reveals not only the author's writing decisions and aesthetic preferences, but also the need for their use to account for the unspeakable and ineffable nature of what they narrate; their political potentiality is contained and suggested in metaphor. With the general objective of putting the literary production of an era to dialogue with the social and political context in which it arises, in the first place, we enroll the novel in the universe of the narratives of the second generation of post-dictatorship that emerged during the Kirchnerist period. Then we focus on the metaphors that are enunciated in the first part of the novel by the voice of the child narrator, specifically those that refer to the threatening climate of the repressive moment. Finally, we point out the tension that this novel implies in the series of stories pertaining to "familism", proposing to think about the writing practice in its political dimension, that is, in its ability to enable other voices and other ways of saying collective memory. ; Este artigo toma como estudo de caso o romance Una muchacha muy bella (2013), do escritor argentino Julián López, e está focado na análise de suas metáforas, especialmente as que, por meio de um tratamento sumamente poético da linguagem, evocam o terrorismo estatal, contexto social no qual a narração transcorre. Enquanto nos encontramos ante figuras retóricas que funcionam ao colocar em relação duas palavras por semelhança, seu uso não somente revela as decisões de escrita e as preferências estéticas do autor, mas também a necessidade de seu emprego para evidenciar o caráter indizível e inefável do qual se tenta narrar e cuja potencialidade política, a metáfora, contém e sugere. Com o objetivo geral de dialogar sobre a produção literária de uma época com contexto social e político em que surge, em primeiro lugar, inscrevemos o romance no universo das narrativas da segunda geração da pós-ditadura que emergiram durante o período kirchnerista. Logo, focamo-nos nas metáforas enunciadas na primeira parte do romance pela voz do narrador criança, em específico, aquelas que remetem ao clima ameaçador próprio do momento repressor. Por último, sinalizamos a tensão que esse romance implica na série de relatos pertencentes ao "familismo" e propomos, assim, pensar a prática da escrita em sua dimensão política, isto é, em sua capacidade para habilitar outras vozes e outros modos de dizer da memória coletiva. ; Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social
El presente artículo toma como estudio de caso la novela Una muchacha muy bella (2013) del escritor argentino Julián López y se enfoca en el análisis de sus metáforas, especialmente aquellas que, mediante un tratamiento sumamente poético del lenguaje, evocan el terrorismo estatal, contexto social dentro del cual transcurre la narración. En tanto nos encontramos ante figuras retóricas que funcionan al poner en relación dos palabras por semejanza, su uso no solo revela las decisiones escriturarias y las preferencias estéticas del autor, sino también la necesidad de su empleo para dar cuenta del carácter indecible e inefable de lo que se intenta narrar, y cuya potencialidad política la metáfora contiene y sugiere. Con el objetivo general de poner a dialogar la producción literaria de una época con el contexto social y político en que surge, en primer lugar, inscribimos la novela en el universo de las narrativas de la segunda generación de la posdictadura que emergieron durante el período kirchnerista. Luego nos centramos en las metáforas enunciadas en la primera parte de la novela por la voz del narrador niño, específicamente aquellas que remiten al clima amenazante propio del momento represivo. Finalmente, señalamos la tensión que esta novela implica en la serie de los relatos pertenecientes al "familismo" y proponemos así pensar la práctica escrituraria en su dimensión política, es decir, en su capacidad para habilitar otras voces y otros modos del decir de la memoria colectiva. ; This article addresses a case study of the novel Una muchacha muy bella (2013) by Argentine writer Julián López, it focuses on the analysis of its metaphors, especially those that, through an extremely poetic treatment of language, evoke state terrorism, social context within which the narration takes place. While we are faced with rhetorical figures that work by relating two words by similarity, their use reveals not only the author's writing decisions and aesthetic preferences, but also the need for their use to account for the unspeakable and ineffable nature of what they narrate; their political potentiality is contained and suggested in metaphor. With the general objective of putting the literary production of an era to dialogue with the social and political context in which it arises, in the first place, we enroll the novel in the universe of the narratives of the second generation of post-dictatorship that emerged during the Kirchnerist period. Then we focus on the metaphors that are enunciated in the first part of the novel by the voice of the child narrator, specifically those that refer to the threatening climate of the repressive moment. Finally, we point out the tension that this novel implies in the series of stories pertaining to "familism", proposing to think about the writing practice in its political dimension, that is, in its ability to enable other voices and other ways of saying collective memory ; Este artigo toma como estudo de caso o romance Una muchacha muy bella (2013), do escritor argentino Julián López, e está focado na análise de suas metáforas, especialmente as que, por meio de um tratamento sumamente poético da linguagem, evocam o terrorismo estatal, contexto social no qual a narração transcorre. Enquanto nos encontramos ante figuras retóricas que funcionam ao colocar em relação duas palavras por semelhança, seu uso não somente revela as decisões de escrita e as preferências estéticas do autor, mas também a necessidade de seu emprego para evidenciar o caráter indizível e inefável do qual se tenta narrar e cuja potencialidade política, a metáfora, contém e sugere. Com o objetivo geral de dialogar sobre a produção literária de uma época com contexto social e político em que surge, em primeiro lugar, inscrevemos o romance no universo das narrativas da segunda geração da pós-ditadura que emergiram durante o período kirchnerista. Logo, focamo-nos nas metáforas enunciadas na primeira parte do romance pela voz do narrador criança, em específico, aquelas que remetem ao clima ameaçador próprio do momento repressor. Por último, sinalizamos a tensão que esse romance implica na série de relatos pertencentes ao "familismo" e propomos, assim, pensar a prática da escrita em sua dimensão política, isto é, em sua capacidade para habilitar outras vozes e outros modos de dizer da memória coletiva. ; Fil: Casali, Silvana Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social. Centro de Investigación en Problemáticas Socio-simbólicas Latinoamericanas "Aníbal Ford"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
Questo lavoro nasce dall'esigenza di mettere a fuoco il modello di welfare e le logiche di intervento che informano il sistema dei Servizi Sociali territoriali, cercando di capire quanto essi, nell'attuale quadro sociale ed economico, siano realmente in grado di sostenere gli individui e le famiglie nei loro percorsi di vita. L'elaborato procede assumendo come riferimento il paradigma del Social Investment e concentrando l'analisi sul modello di organizzazione e sui processi operativi che caratterizzano l'attività dei Servizi Sociali nell'ambito della "Società della Salute del Valdarno Inferiore". Questa è il modello organizzativo dell'assistenza territoriale socio-sanitaria che la Regione Toscana ha introdotto, con la legge n 40/2005 e successive modificazioni, e finalizzato a sviluppare l'integrazione del sistema sanitario con quello socio assistenziale. L'obiettivo, a cui il testo si dedica nella seconda parte, è proprio quello di capire quanto l'operatività dei servizi sociali, nell'ambito di tale modello organizzativo e del territorio sopra indicato, si avvicini o si discosti dai principi del Social Investment e con quale ricadute in termini di efficacia degli interventi stessi. Necessaria premessa a questa analisi è il lavoro di contestualizzazione dei sistemi di welfare a livello europeo e nazionale, che viene condotto nella prima parte. Nel primo capitolo si descrivono, infatti, i caratteri salienti dei principali modelli di welfare europeo, facendo particolare riferimento al sistema di regolazione tra Stato, famiglia e mercato, in essi presente, ed evidenziando come esso abbia inciso sul processo di trasformazione che ha interessato il welfare nel corso dei decenni. L'attenzione si appunta in modo particolare sul sistema di welfare italiano e sulle sue particolari caratteristiche, in comparazione con gli altri sistemi di welfare europei, cercando di capire, nel secondo capitolo, quanto esso sia "attrezzato" per rispondere alle nuove sfide demografiche e sociali che stanno investendo l'Europa. Questa riflessione viene condotta a partire dall'analisi dei dati demografici di Eurostat ed Istat, dall'analisi dei dati di spesa e facendo riferimento alle riflessioni, elaborate dalla letteratura sulla relazione intercorrente tra dinamiche demografiche e politiche pubbliche. La seconda parte del testo si concentra sull'attività di ricerca finalizzata all'analisi del modello di welfare presente nel Valdarno Inferiore e delle logiche di intervento che lo caratterizzano. L'indagine, condotta a partire dall'analisi e riflessione sugli interventi specificamente attivati nei confronti della popolazione anziana, mantiene sullo sfondo le politiche sociali rivolte alla totalità della popolazione ed è basata sulla pianificazione e conduzione di due Focus Group, utilizzando in un caso il metodo delle "vignette" e nell'altro quello del "problem setting". I risultati della ricerca, descritti nel quarto capitolo, evidenziano come in realtà il sistema dei servizi sociali territoriali non riesca ancora ad affrancarsi dai condizionamenti del Welfare nazionale e dal suo modello culturale: sussidiarietà passiva, familismo, categorizzazione e frammentazione degli interventi hanno in questo ambito ancora un ruolo. Ma al tempo stesso l'analisi condotta nei focus group, mantenendo sullo sfondo il paradigma del Social Investment, ha consentito agli operatori di ragionare per differenza, di mettere in discussione le logiche dell'attuale modello dei servizi e immaginare percorsi per un possibile cambiamento. Welfare models and intervention strategies in the local social services of Valdarno Inferiore: toward a Social Investment perspective? The scope of this thesis is to bring into focus the local social welfare system and its intervention strategies, and to evaluate whether they are really able to sustain individuals and families in their walks of life, within the current economical and social framework. This report adopts the paradigm of "Social Investment" as a reference point, and concentrates its analysis on the organizational model and operational processes currently used by Social Services in the domain of the "Società della Salute del Valdarno Inferiore." This organization for programming and managing local social services and healthcare was created by the Tuscany Region in 2005, aimed at the integration of the healthcare system with that of social services. In order to contextualize the analysis, Chapter One looks at European Welfare and describes the salient characteristics of the primary European models, focusing on the regulatory system of relations between State, family, and economy, and on its role in transforming the welfare system over time. Chapter Two pays particular attention to the Italian welfare system and its important characteristics, compared to other welfare systems in Europe, seeking to determine if the Italian system is equipped to respond to the new demographic and social challenges facing Europe. Observations are made based on demographic data from Eurostat and Istat (European and Italian census), budget data, and on literature about the relations between demographic dynamics and public policy. The second part of the paper looks at the social welfare model of the Valdarno Inferiore and its intervention strategies. Chapter Three is devoted to a study, conducted by two focus groups of social workers, centering on concrete cases involving the elderly, without losing sight of the rest of the population. The research uses the "vignette" method in one case, and in the other, "problem setting." The results of the study, described in Chapter Four, reveal how the local social services, as a whole, have not yet become free from the conditioning of National Welfare, nor from its cultural model. What has emerged from this research is that passive subsidiarity, familism, categorizing people, and fragmenting interventions all have a role, and need to be addressed. At the same time, the study allowed the focus group, through discussion and reflection, with the paradigm of "Social Investment" in the background, to question the principles of the current system of social services, and to imagine a possible change.
During COVID-19, early-childhood school closings led to higher levels of stress in parents when compared to childless adults. In addition, lack of time to prepare, as well as mental-health problems, worry, and stress in parenting, may have hampered parents' ability to support their children's educational needs. The research aims to solve the problem of early childhood parenting during learning from home and improve the quality of early childhood parenting. The research method uses the research and development stage of the Borg & Gall model. Participants are mothers who have children aged 5-6 years. The data collection technique was done through expert validation and effectiveness testing with a quasi-experimental design. The data analysis used paired t-test statistical analysis. The findings show that the validity of the results of the material expert's test is 96%, and the media expert's test is 94% in the very good category. The effectiveness test based on the pre-test and post-test results showed that Sig. (2-tailed) <0,05 (α), which means that the parenting e-book media significantly increases mothers' understanding of parenting well-being practices in early childhood. The implications of this multimedia-based anyflip e-book can be downloaded via gadgets, android, laptop, practical, easy to read and repeated to accompany childcare activities from home. Keywords: Anyflip E-book, Early Childhood, Parenting References Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Kyle, J., Olken, B. A., & Sumarto, S. (2019). Private Outsourcing and Competition: Subsidized Food Distribution in Indonesia. Journal of Political Economy, 127(1), 101–137. https://doi.org/10.1086/700734 Borg, W. R., & Gall, M. D. (2007). Educational Research an Introduction. Fourth Edition. Bacon Publishing. Bruni, O., Sette, S., Fontanesi, L., Baiocco, R., Laghi, F., & Baumgartner, E. (2015). Technology Use and Sleep Quality in Preadolescence and Adolescence. 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This article addresses a case study of the novel Una muchacha muy bella (2013) by Argentine writer Julián López, it focuses on the analysis of its metaphors, especially those that, through an extremely poetic treatment of language, evoke state terrorism, social context within which the narration takes place. While we are faced with rhetorical figures that work by relating two words by similarity, their use reveals not only the author's writing decisions and aesthetic preferences, but also the need for their use to account for the unspeakable and ineffable nature of what they narrate; their political potentiality is contained and suggested in metaphor. With the general objective of putting the literary production of an era to dialogue with the social and political context in which it arises, in the first place, we enroll the novel in the universe of the narratives of the second generation of post-dictatorship that emerged during the Kirchnerist period. Then we focus on the metaphors that are enunciated in the first part of the novel by the voice of the child narrator, specifically those that refer to the threatening climate of the repressive moment. Finally, we point out the tension that this novel implies in the series of stories pertaining to ""familism"", proposing to think about the writing practice in its political dimension, that is, in its ability to enable other voices and other ways of saying collective memory. ; Este artigo toma como estudo de caso o romance Una muchacha muy bella (2013), do escritor ar-gentino Julián López, e está focado na análise de suas metáforas, especialmente as que, por meio de um tratamento sumamente poético da linguagem, evocam o terrorismo estatal, contexto social no qual a narração transcorre. Enquanto nos encontramos ante figuras retóricas que funcionam ao colocar em relação duas palavras por semelhança, seu uso não somente revela as decisões de escrita e as preferências estéticas do autor, mas também a necessidade de seu emprego para evi-denciar o caráter indizível e inefável do qual se tenta narrar e cuja potencialidade política, a metá-fora, contém e sugere. Com o objetivo geral de dialogar sobre a produção literária de uma época com contexto social e político em que surge, em primeiro lugar, inscrevemos o romance no univer-so das narrativas da segunda geração da pós-ditadura que emergiram durante o período kirchne-rista. Logo, focamo-nos nas metáforas enunciadas na primeira parte do romance pela voz do na-rrador criança, em específico, aquelas que remetem ao clima ameaçador próprio do momento re-pressor. Por último, sinalizamos a tensão que esse romance implica na série de relatos pertencen-tes ao ""familismo"" e propomos, assim, pensar a prática da escrita em sua dimensão política, isto é, em sua capacidade para habilitar outras vozes e outros modos de dizer da memória coletiva." ; El presente artículo toma como estudio de caso la novela Una muchacha muy bella (2013) del escritor argentino Julián López y se enfoca en el análisis de sus metáforas, especialmente aquellas que, mediante un tratamiento sumamente poético del lenguaje, evocan el terrorismo estatal, contexto social dentro del cual transcurre la narración. En tanto nos encontramos ante figuras retóricas que funcionan al poner en relación dos palabras por semejanza, su uso no solo revela las decisiones escriturarias y las preferencias estéticas del autor, sino también la necesidad de su empleo para dar cuenta del carácter indecible e inefable de lo que se intenta narrar, y cuya potencialidad política la metáfora contiene y sugiere. Con el objetivo general de poner a dialogar la producción literaria de una época con el contexto social y político en que surge, en primer lugar, inscribimos la novela en el universo de las narrativas de la segunda generación de la posdictadura que emergieron durante el período kirchnerista. Luego nos centramos en las metáforas enunciadas en la primera parte de la novela por la voz del narrador niño, específicamente aquellas que remiten al clima amenazante propio del momento represivo. Finalmente, señalamos la tensión que esta novela implica en la serie de los relatos pertenecientes al "familismo" y proponemos así pensar la práctica escrituraria en su dimensión política, es decir, en su capacidad para habilitar otras voces y otros modos del decir de la memoria colectiva. Este artículo presenta aprendizajes y debates sobre la relación entre conocimiento académico y proyectos de comunicación no lucrativos, vinculados a los resultados de un proceso de investigación sobre audiencias con cuatro radios comunitarias de gestión cooperativa del Gran Córdoba (Área Metropolitana de Córdoba). Esa investigación tuvo como objetivo contribuir a la sostenibilidad de las radios comunitarias a través de la producción de conocimiento sistemático sobre sus audiencias reales y potenciales. Se realizaron ocho estudios, dos para cada radio, uno de carácter cualitativo y uno de carácter cuantitativo. Los cuantitativos consistieron en encuestas poblacionales sobre consumos mediáticos, especialmente orientadas a la radio y a medios locales, así como a niveles de satisfacción con la información local y regional. Los cualitativos se desarrollaron con entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales, según cada caso, y abordaron modalidades de escucha de radios, distintos modos de identificación con las radios en cuestión, así como cuestiones relacionadas con la experiencia de vivir en las ciudades en las que se sitúan las radios. Entre los hallazgos más importantes, aparece un conjunto de datos que permiten problematizar la noción de consumo convergente, ya que es posible reconocer modalidades de consumo audiovisual que articulan medios analógicos y digitales, en el que se articulan vínculos de larga data con determinados medios, con fuertes componentes afectivos y de costumbre con nuevos tipos de consumo. Tanto el proceso de investigación como sus resultados posibilitaron reconocimientos que fortalecieron a los medios en cuestión, pero también actualizaron un modo de relación entre investigación y medios comunitarios en el que se articularon saberes académicos, inquietudes generadas en la práctica y abordajes teórico-metodológicos en los que se produjeron aprendizajes donde los resultados excedieron el alcance esperado de la investigación. "En la Era de la Información se produjo una transformación total en cada plano de existen-cia, tanto en términos individuales como colectivos. En medio de estos cambios feroces, se modificaron las maneras de vincularnos en las redes y de ser-existir en los espacios vir-tuales de encuentros y desencuentros.En este trabajo nos propusimos indagar acerca de las estrategias que recrean las mujeres y sexualidades no hegemónicas con las posibilidades que proponen las nuevas tecnologías para hacer frente a situaciones de violencia de género. De esta manera arribamos a los escraches virtuales1 como una herramienta de gran potencial. Analizamos los escraches virtuales a partir de un estudio de caso en Córdoba, Argentina con la intención de profundizar en los sentidos que adquieren los escraches y sus posibles efectos.
