Suchergebnisse

The analysis of safety data from spontaneous reporting systems has a proven value for the detection and analysis of the risks of medicines following their placement on the market and use in medical practice. EudraVigilance is the pharmacovigilance database to manage the collection and analysis of suspected adverse reactions to medicines authorised in the European Economic Area. EudraVigilance first operated in December 2001, with access to the database being governed by the EudraVigilance access policy. We performed a literature search including data up to December 2016 to demonstrate how the data from EudraVigilance has been used in scientific publications. We describe the results, including by type of publication, research topics and drugs involved. In 50% of the publications, the data are used to describe safety issues, in 44% to analyse methodologies used in pharmacovigilance activities and in 6% to support clinical perspectives. We also outline a description of the use of the database by the European Union regulatory network. Driven by the full implementation of the 2010 pharmacovigilance legislation, EudraVigilance has undergone further enhancements together with a major revision of its access policy, taking into account the use of the new individual case safety report standard developed by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use and the International Organization for Standardization. The aim of the broadened access is to facilitate more effective safety monitoring of authorised medicines, to make more data available for research and to provide better access to information on suspected adverse reactions for healthcare professionals and patients. In November 2017, the new full functionalities of EudraVigilance were launched, including the extensive web access to data on suspected adverse drug reactions and the possibilities for academic research institutions to request a more extensive dataset for the purposes of health research. The main objective of this article is to describe the new access to the database together with the opportunities that this new access can bring for research. It is intended to promote an appropriate use of the data to support the safe and effective use of medicines.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this project was to improve ease and speed of physician comprehension when interpreting daily laboratory data for patients admitted within the Military Healthcare System (MHS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A JavaScript program was created to convert the laboratory data obtained via the outpatient electronic medical record (EMR) into a "fishbone diagram" format that is familiar to most physicians. Using a balanced crossover design, 35 internal medicine trainees and staff at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth were asked to complete timed comprehension tests for laboratory data sets formatted in the outpatient EMR's format and in fishbone diagram format. The number of responses per second and error rate per response were measured for each format. Participants were asked to rate relative ease of use for each format and indicate which format they preferred. RESULTS: Comprehension speed increased 37% (6.28 seconds per interpretation) with the fishbone diagram format with no observed increase in errors. Using a Likert scale of 1–5 (1 being hard, 5 easy), participants indicated the new format was easier to use (4.14 for fishbone vs 2.14 for table) with 89% expressing preference for the new format. DISCUSSION: The publically available web application that converts tabular lab data to fishbone diagram format is currently used 10 000–12 000 times per month across the MHS, delivering significant benefit to the enterprise in terms of time saved and improved physician experience. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the use of fishbone diagram formatting for laboratory data for inpatients within the MHS.

The paper explores how visual affective practice is used to spread and bolster a nationalist, extremist and racist ethos on the public Facebook page of the anti-immigrant group, Soldiers of Odin. Affective practice refers to a particular sensibility of political discourse, shaped by social formations and digital technologies—the contexts in which political groups or communities gather, discuss and act. The study shows how visual affective practice and sharing and responding to images fortify moral claims, sense exclusionary solidarity and promote white nationalist masculinity which legitimizes racist practices of "soldiering." By examining both the representations and their reactions (emoticons), the study demonstrates how ideas and values are collectively strengthened through affective sharing and are supported by platform infrastructures. Most importantly, it demonstrates that instead of considering the affect of protecting the nation as a natural result of "authentic" gut feeling, we should understand the ways it is purposefully and collectively produced and circulated. ; publishedVersion ; Peer reviewed

The paper explores how visual affective practice is used to spread and bolster a nationalist, extremist and racist ethos on the public Facebook page of the anti-immigrant group, Soldiers of Odin. Affective practice refers to a particular sensibility of political discourse, shaped by social formations and digital technologies-the contexts in which political groups or communities gather, discuss and act. The study shows how visual affective practice and sharing and responding to images fortify moral claims, sense exclusionary solidarity and promote white nationalist masculinity which legitimizes racist practices of "soldiering." By examining both the representations and their reactions (emoticons), the study demonstrates how ideas and values are collectively strengthened through affective sharing and are supported by platform infrastructures. Most importantly, it demonstrates that instead of considering the affect of protecting the nation as a natural result of "authentic" gut feeling, we should understand the ways it is purposefully and collectively produced and circulated. ; Peer reviewed

The traffic accident problem is one of the most critical causes resulting in loss of faculty members, government officials, staff and students of Khon Kaen University (KKU). These people could have become valuable human resources in our countryûs development. According to traffic accident data occurring from 2000 to 2004, it was reported that traffic accidents occurred 535 times. This accounted for six deaths and 262 injuries. In other words, on average, traffic accidents occurred 107 times per year, which was approximately 8.9 times per month. Due to the fact that the data on traffic accidents occurring in KKU were collected andrecorded using an invalid report form, it was highly difficult to apply the collected data to efficiently identify black spot locations and analyze the likely causes of the accidents. It was, therefore, difficult to propose a suitable remedial treatment. The objective of this study, consequently, was to develop a traffic accident report form to record in-situ data of accidents. The form is practical and suitable to apply the data to effectively analyze traffic accidents. In addition, a database was developed to collect data of traffic accidents and road networks in KKU using the PHP and MySQL programs to establish the database. This program was able to save, edit, retrieve, manage and display through the Internet network.

AbstractProminent arguments hold that African states' geography limits state capacity, impedes public service provision, and slows economic development. To test this argument, I collect comprehensive panel data on a proxy of local state capacity, travel times to national and regional capitals. These are computed on a yearly 5 × 5 km grid using time-varying data on roads and administrative units (1966–2016). I use these data to estimate the effect of changes in travel times to capitals on local education provision, infant mortality rates, and nightlight emissions. Within the same location, decreases in travel times to its capitals are robustly associated with improved development outcomes. The article advances the measurement of state capacity and contributes to understanding its effects on human welfare.

Objective To investigate highest level of educational attainment in farming households compared to rural non-farming households in Wales.
Approach We used the AD|ARC dataset of households in Wales receiving farming subsidies in 2010.
We included farming households containing at least one member reporting an Agricultural Main Occupation (AMO) and households where all members reported Non-Agricultural Main Occupations (Non-AMO) but farming occurs.
Utilising Census 2011 variables relating to age, gender, education and occupation we conducted comparative analyses of educational attainment within AMO, Non-AMO and non-farming rural households at both an individual and household level.
ResultsFindings will be presented comparing the educational attainment for AMO individuals with matched individuals within Non-AMO and non-farming rural households. At the household level, we calculated the highest level of education attained within each household and will present results comparing the highest household level of education between each group. We will present detailed results regarding the structure and educational attainment within these households.
Full results and findings will be presented at the conference but are currently subject to information governance restrictions.
ConclusionOne indicator of resilience amongst farmers and farm households is ability to respond to economic and non-economic pressures by adopting new practices and techniques or reducing reliance on farming via diversification or off-farm employment. As educational attainment is closely correlated to acquisition of skills and is a gateway to employment, understanding relative and absolute levels of attainment is important in identifying need and devising policies which support agricultural and rural communities.

Abstract
The progress in precision medicine has resulted in genomic technology spreading worldwide. This has raised concerns about the ethics of genetic data sharing and privacy. This article focuses on South Asia and first aims to identify, analyze, and understand the laws, regulations, and policies related to genetic data privacy and discrimination in that region. This is accomplished through a qualitative examination of existing laws and policies on privacy rights and a doctrinal analysis of legislation gathered from seven jurisdictions, viz. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Following the presentation of the country-specific study, the article turns to discussing the study's results, which suggest that the area lacks both national norms and a regional policy specific to the protection of personal genetic data. The article then offers possible reasons for this outcome and suggests that the countries must formulate culturally sensitive regulations and universally applicable legal principles for genetic privacy notwithstanding the existing challenges of poverty, non-uniform demographics, and an absence of political will.

AbstractAs thousands of 2019 Corona virus disease (Covid-19) clinical trials are continuously getting added to various registries these days, good practices on data sharing and transparency have become one of the prime topics of discussion than ever before. Although trial registration is considered a crucial step, there is a lack of integration between registration and published literature. Trial outcomes are a matter of public interest, but sponsor compliances are not adequate with the recommended guidelines. Although the global recognition of data transparency increases day by day, there is still a long journey to travel. It is high time that scholarly publishing stakeholders should put in a collaborative effort to check author compliance. In this article, we aimed to comprehend and discuss the imperative roles of various scholarly publishing stakeholders in improving clinical trial transparency during this pandemic situation and highlight the changing paradigm towards the pressing need for reporting clinical trial data more effectively.

AbstrakTerjadinya pandemi Covid-19 di hampir seluruh belahan dunia, termasuk Indonesia, menjadikan masyarakat mempunyai gaya hidup baru dalam bertransaksi untuk mencegah penularan virus sesuai anjuran Pemerintah. Semua transaksi cenderung dilakukan secara non tunai dengan memanfaatkan teknologi smart card untuk menghindari adanya kontak fisik dengan orang lain. Tingginya penggunaan smart card pada berbagai bidang untuk mendukung aktivitas sehari-hari menyebabkan rawannya terjadi pencurian data di dalam smart card oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. AES sebagai algoritma kriptografi dapat digunakan untuk mengamankan data di dalam smart card dengan melakukan enkripsi data sebelum data yang bersifat rahasia tersebut disimpan ke dalam smart card. Untuk meningkatkan keamanan data, diusulkan sebuah mekanisme penggunaan key yang bersifat dinamis dengan memanfaatkan Unique Identifier (UID) setiap smart card. Dengan demikian, key yang digunakan untuk melakukan enkripsi dan dekripsi data dibentuk berdasarkan UID dan berbeda-beda untuk setiap smart card. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan AES dengan key yang bersifat dinamis ini mampu mengamankan data 40 byte plainteks menjadi 48 byte cipherteks, dengan rata-rata waktu komputasi sebesar 71.2 ms untuk penulisan data dan 89.4 ms untuk pembacaan data menggunakan key 128 bit, 70.8 ms untuk penulisan data dan 88 ms untuk pembacaan data menggunakan key 192 bit, dan 72 ms untuk penulisan data dan 88.4 ms untuk pembacaan data menggunakan key 256 bit. Waktu komputasi ini hanya mempunyai selisih sekitar 2 ms dibandingkan dengan penulisan dan pembacaan data tanpa mekanisme enkripsi dan dekripsi.Kata kunci: covid-19, dekripsi, enkripsi, keamanan, kriptografi AbstractThe occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic in almost all parts of the world, including Indonesia, has made people have a new lifestyle in transactions to prevent transmission of the virus as recommended by the Government. All transactions tend to be carried out in non-cash using smart card technology to avoid physical contact with other people. The high use of smart cards in various fields to support daily activities makes it prone to data theft on the smart card by irresponsible parties. AES as a cryptographic algorithm can be used to secure data on the smart card by encrypting the data before the confidential data is stored on the smart card. To improve data security, a dynamic key usage mechanism is proposed by utilizing the Unique Identifier (UID) of each smart card. Thus, the key used to encrypt and decrypt data is formed based on the UID and is different for each smart card. The test results show that the use of AES with a dynamic key is able to secure 40 bytes of plaintext to 48 bytes of ciphertext, with an average computation time of 71.2 ms for writing data and 89.4 ms for reading data using 128-bit keys, 70.8 ms for writing data and 88 ms for reading data using a 192-bit key, and 72 ms for writing data and 88.4 ms for reading data using a 256-bit key. This computation time only has a difference of about 2 ms compared to writing and reading data without encryption and decryption mechanisms.Keywords: covid-19, decryption, encryption, security, cryptography dan pembacaan data tanpa mekanisme enkripsi dan dekripsi.