Suchergebnisse

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang Transportasi Kereta Api Rute Makassar – Takalar 1922 – 1930. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa transportasi kereta api sangat penting bagi kalangan masyarakat pribumi dan Hindia – Belanda. Kereta api di Hindia – Belanda resmi dibuka untuk umum pada tahun 1867 di Semarang, Pembangunan jalur kereta api pertama di Jawa sepanjang 25 kilometer yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan Nederlands Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij ini nantinya juga berhasil menghubungkan beberapa kota di Jawa. Keberhasilan NISM membangun jaringan kereta api dalam perjalanannya juga berhasil menarik minat perusahaan lain dan juga pemerintah Hindia Belanda sendiri untuk ikut membangun jaringan kereta api. Selain Jawa, jaringan kereta api juga dibangun di Sumatera dan Sulawesi. Adapun di Sulawesi Selatan jalur perkerata apian resmi dibuka pada tahun 1922 yang menghubungkan Makassar – Takalar sepanjang 47 Km. Tercatat 20 tempat pemberhentian resmi. Pemberhentian tersebut terdiri dari 8 halte (stasiun) dan 12 stopplats (halte). Pembuatan jalur kereta api ini selain untuk kepentingan perekonomian dengan mengangkut berbagai komoditi yang laku di pasaran, juga untuk kepentingan politik, dan militer. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari keberadaan jalur dan transportasi kereta api yang mengangkut serdadu Belanda guna meredam gerakan I Tolok Dg. Magassing. Penelitian ini digolongkan dalam sejarah transportasi karena ruang lingkup pembahasan berkaitan dengan perkembangan moda transportasi dan juga hubungan moda transportasi tersebut dengan aspek ekonomi, politik, dan militer. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode sejarah yang terbagi atas tahapan: heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara studi arsip dan studi pustaka.Kata Kunci : Transportasi, Kereta Api, Makassar - Takalar This paper examines Railway Transportation Route Makassar - Takalar 1922 - 1930. The results of this study indicate that railroad transportation is very important for the indigenous and Indies - Dutch circles. The train in the Indies - the Netherlands was officially opened to the public in 1867 in Semarang. The construction of the first 25 kilometer railway line in Java carried out by the Nederlands Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij company later succeeded in connecting several cities in Java. The success of NISM in building the railroad network on its journey also succeeded in attracting the interest of other companies and also the Dutch East Indies government itself to join in building the railroad network. In addition to Java, railway networks are also being built in Sumatra and Sulawesi. Whereas in South Sulawesi the railway lane officially opened in 1922 which connected Makassar - Takalar along 47 km. Recorded 20 official stops. The stop consists of 8 stops (stations) and 12 stopplats (stops). The making of this railroad is not only for the sake of the economy by transporting various commodities that sell well in the market, but also for political and military interests. This can be seen from the existence of railroad lines and transportation that transported Dutch soldiers to reduce the movement. I Tolok Dg. Magassing. This research is classified in the history of transportation because the scope of the discussion relates to the development of modes of transportation and also the relationship of modes of transportation with economic, political and military aspects. The method used in this study is a historical method which is divided into stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The method of data collection is done by means of archival studies and literature studies.Keywords: Transportation, Railways, Makassar - Takalar

Context. Ultracool dwarfs are objects with spectral types equal to or later than M7. Most of them have been discovered using wide-field imaging surveys. The Virtual Observatory has proven to be very useful for efficiently exploiting these astronomical resources. Aims. We aim to validate a Virtual Observatory methodology designed to discover and characterise ultracool dwarfs in the J-PLUS photometric survey. J-PLUS is a multiband survey carried out with the wide-angle T80Cam optical camera mounted on the 0.83 m telescope JAST/T80 in the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre. We make use of the Internal Data Release covering 528 deg. Methods. We complemented J-PLUS photometry with other catalogues in the optical and infrared using VOSA, a Virtual Observatory tool that estimates physical parameters from the spectral energy distribution fitting to collections of theoretical models. Objects identified as ultracool dwarfs were distinguished from background M giants and highly reddened stars using parallaxes and proper motions from Gaia DR2. Results. We identify 559 ultracool dwarfs, ranging from i = 16.2 mag to i = 22.4 mag, of which 187 are candidate ultracool dwarfs not previously reported in the literature. This represents an increase in the number of known ultracool dwarfs of about 50% in the region of the sky we studied, particularly at the faint end of our sensitivity, which is interesting as reference for future wide and deep surveys such as Euclid. Three candidates are interesting targets for exoplanet surveys because of their proximity (distances less than 40 pc). We also analysed the kinematics of ultracool dwarfs in our catalogue and found evidence that it is consistent with a Galactic thin-disc population, except for six objects that might be members of the thick disc. Conclusion. The results we obtained validate the proposed methodology, which will be used in future J-PLUS and J-PAS releases. Considering the region of the sky covered by the Internal Data Release used in this work, we estimate that 3000-3500 new ultracool dwarfs will be discovered at the end of the J-PLUS project.© 2019 ESO. ; Funding for the J-PLUS Project has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragon through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; under grants AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AyA2012-30789 and ICTS-2009-14), and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685). The Brazilian agencies FAPERJ and FAPESP as well as the National Observatory of Brazil have also contributed to this project. RAD acknowledges support from CNPq through BP grant 312307/2015-2, CSIC through grant COOPB20263, FINEP grants REF. R 1217/13 - 01.13.0279.00 and REF 0859/10 - 01.10.0663.00 for hardware support for the J-PLUS project through the National Observatory of Brazil. E. L. Martin acknowledges support from project AYA2015-69350-C3-1-P. J. A. Hernandez-Jimenez thanks to Brazilian institution CNPq (project 150237/2017-0) and Chilean institution CONICYT through Programa de Astronomia, Fondo ALMA-CONICYT 2017 (project 31170038). R. Lopes was partially supported by the Brazilian agency CNPq (PQ 302037/2015-2 and PDE 200289/2017-9). F. J. E. acknowledges financial support from the ASTERICS project (ID: 653477, H2020-EU.1.4.1.1. ; Peer Reviewed

Tesis doctoral presentada para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (Programa de Doctorado en Análisis Económico).--2019-06-28 ; [EN] This doctoral thesis studies how labor market institutions, social contacts, and firm-ownership schemes determine workers and firms job mobility decisions. The first chapter investigates the effect of severance pay on workers' voluntary mobility out of the firm. The analysis exploits a major labor market reform of the employment protection legislation in Spain in 2012 to show that a decrease in mobility costs due to a reduction in severance pay induced by the reform made workers who may expect to be displaced in the near future more likely to voluntarily leave their employer. The second chapter adds to the empirical literature on the role of social contacts on the labor market. The findings in this chapter indicate that employers are more likely to hire workers who have a connection in the firm through a former coworker, and that having a connection in the hiring firm improves re-employment outcomes of workers relative to non-connected workers. The last chapter studies differences between conventional and worker-owned firms in their adjustment to the business cycle. It documents that both types of firms respond to changing macroeconomic conditions by adjusting employment, hours of work, and wages. However, worker-owned firms exhibit greater employment resilience than conventional enterprises. Hours of work and wages, instead, adjust to a similar extent across the two types of firms. ; [ES] Esta tesis doctoral estudia cómo las instituciones del mercado laboral, las relaciones sociales en el mercado, o la estructura de la propiedad de las empresas afectan la movilidad laboral de trabajadores y empresas. El primer capítulo investiga el papel de la indemnización por despido en las decisiones de los trabajadores de abandonar voluntariamente su empresa. Utilizando la reforma laboral de 2012 en España, que modificó la legislación sobre la protección del empleo, el análisis muestra que la reducción en la indemnización de despido consecuencia de la reforma provocó que trabajadores con expectativas de que pueden ser despedidos en un futuro próximo están más dispuestos a abandonar la empresa de forma voluntaria. El segundo capítulo se centra en el papel de las relaciones sociales en forma de antiguos compañeros de trabajo en el mercado laboral. Los resultados indican que las empresas tienden a contratar con mayor probabilidad trabajadores que tienen algún excompañero de trabajo en la empresa, y que estos contactos mejoran las características de los puestos de trabajo obtenidos en relación aquellos trabajadores contratados que no tienen ningún contacto en la empresa. El último capítulo estudia diferencias en el ajuste a lo largo del ciclo económico entre empresas convencionales y empresas cuyos propietarios son sus trabajadores. En el capítulo se documenta que ambos tipos de empresas reaccionan a cambios en las condiciones macroeconómicas ajustando empleo, horas trabajadas, y salarios. Sin embargo, en empresas cuyos propietarios son sus trabajadores el empleo es menos volátil comparado con empresas convencionales. Por su parte, las horas trabajadas y los salarios exhiben un ajuste similar a lo largo del ciclo económico en los dos tipos de organizaciones.

This article deepens into the reasons for the creation of political parties and for that, the case of the Spanish Syndicalist Party has been chosen. This election responds to the need of knowing the causes of the birth of a political party out of groups that ideologically reject them. It has been necessary to resort to a historical case as the libertarian movement, given their peculiarities and the difficulty to find examples nowadays. The article starts with a differentiation on anti-party sentiments to define the exceptionality of the phenomenon and, after that, it formulates an initial idea that aims to clarify Lipset and Rokkan's theory on cleavages for the formation of parties. Subsequently, based on the previous theory, a series of hypotheses is established about the factors that favor the creation of parties. The empirical analysis confirms the hypothesis and it serves to conclude that the organizational level of the libertarian movement and its lack of success, together with failures in the electoral market, favored the creation of the Syndicalist Party during the 2nd Republic. Finally, the scope of the results and their relationship with similar and current cases is discussed.gles Along with Communists, the Nazis were the main contenders in the climate of latent civil war lived in Germany in the final years of the Republic of Weimar. Their Assault Division or SA was decisive in breeding an atmosphere of capillary and mimetic violence in the whole country. This article deals with violence among "political enemies" in a specific neighbourhood of the German capital. Relying on archive materials, newspapers and literature of the time it is shown how violence on political grounds penetrated daily life, ranging from street-quarrels without major consequences to the death of two activist of the SA in the Nostitz area, the neighbourhood in Berlin-Kreuzberg we focus on. Escalation of violence in there illustrates the political confrontation which best characterizes the country previous to the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. ; Este artículo profundiza en las razones de la creación de los partidos políticos y para ello he escogido el caso del Partido Sindicalista español. Esta elección responde a la necesidad de conocer los motivos del nacimiento de un partido político desde grupos que los rechazan ideológicamente. Hemos tenido que acudir a un caso histórico como el del movimiento libertario, dadas sus peculiaridades y la dificultad de encontrar ejemplos en la actualidad. El artículo parte de una diferenciación sobre los sentimientos antipartidistas para definir la excepcionalidad del fenómeno y, tras esto, se formula una idea inicial que pretende matizar la teoría de los cleavages de Lipset y Rokkan para la formación de partidos. Posteriormente, sobre la base de la teoría previa, se establecen una serie de hipótesis sobre los factores que favorecen la creación de partidos. El análisis empírico confirma las hipótesis y permite concluir que el nivel organizativo del movimiento libertario y su falta de éxito, junto con la aparición de fallos en el mercado electoral, favoreció la creación del Partido Sindicalista durante la II República. Finalmente, se discute el alcance de los resultados y su relación con supuestos similares y actuales.

This doctoral dissertation represents a collection of three inter-related scientific papers that investigate the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in Croatia. The main goal of this dissertation is to extend the existing empirical literature on the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in Croatia in two ways. First, all research questions in this dissertation are contextualized in a small open economy analytical framework. Previous research on the effects of fiscal policy in Croatia has overlooked the importance of the effects of the openness of the economy on the size of fiscal multipliers. Secondly, this dissertation aims to show that calibrated small-scale small open economy New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models could be used for simulations of the effects of fiscal policy in Croatia and contribute to the understanding of various channels and complex relations between fiscal and macroeconomic variables. Empirical results, based on structural vector autoregressive models (SVAR), suggest that the effects of fiscal policy in Croatia are Keynesian in nature. A rise of government consumption has positive effects on GDP, private aggregate demand, private consumption, employment and prices. On the other hand, a rise in net indirect taxes has negative effects on private aggregate demand and private consumption. However, results also suggest that the effectiveness of fiscal policy in Croatia is constrained by the openness of the economy and the level of public debt as both factors reduce the size of fiscal multiplier. Also, increased public consumption deepens the trade deficit, which puts pressure on external imbalances. Thus, in academic and public debates on the role and possibilities of fiscal policy in Croatia, one should always keep in mind that Croatia is a small, open and relatively highly indebted economy. Such characteristics of the economy put notable challenges for fiscal policy makers in Croatia. ; Ova doktorska disertacija predstavlja skup od tri povezana objavljena znanstvena članka u kojima se istražuju makroekonomski učinci fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj. Osnovni cilj ove disertacije je proširiti i dopuniti postojeću empirijsku literaturu o makroekonomskim učincima fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj na dva načina. Prvo, sva istraživačka pitanja u ovoj disertaciji su kontekstualizirana u analitičkom okviru malog otvorenog gospodarstva. Prethodna istraživanja o učincima fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj su previdjela važnost učinaka otvorenosti ekonomije na veličinu fiskalnih multiplikatora. Drugo, ova disertacija pokazuje da se kalibrirani novo-kejneizijanski dinamički stohastički modeli (DSGE) malog otvorenog gospodarstva mogu koristiti za simulaciju učinaka fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj i doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju različitih kanala i kompleksnih odnosa fiskalnih i makroekonomskih varijabli. Empirijski rezultati, temeljeni na strukturnim vektorskim autoregresivnim modelima (SVAR), pokazuju da su učinci fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj kejnezijanskog duha. Povećanje državne potrošnje ima pozitivan učinak na BDP, privatnu agregatnu potražnju, privatnu potrošnju, zaposlenost i cijene. S druge strane, povećanje neto indirektnih poreza ima negativan učinak na privatnu agregatnu potražnju i privatnu potrošnju. Međutim, rezultati također pokazuju da je učinkovitost fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj ograničena otvorenošću ekonomije i razinom javnog duga budući da oba faktora smanjuju veličinu fiskalnog multiplikatora. Također, povećanje državne potrošnje produbljuje trgovinski deficit, što stvara pritisak na vanjske neravnoteže. Zato bi sudionici akademskih i javnih rasprava o ulozi i mogućnostima fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj uvijek trebali imati na umu da je Hrvatska malo, otvoreno i relativno visoko zaduženo gospodarstvo. Takva obilježja gospodarstva pred nositelje fiskalne politike u Hrvatskoj stavljaju značajne izazove.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan "Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun" ile 18.06.2018 tarihli "Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge" gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. ; Avrupa Birliği, birçok ülke ile ticaret anlaşması imzalama yoluyla ilişkiler kurmaktadır. Türkiye, AB üyesi olmamasına rağmen Gümrük Birliği nedeniyle AB'nin üçüncü ülkelerle imzaladığı serbest ticaret anlaşmalarından etkilenmektedir. Bu bağlamda hazırlanan söz konusu tezin ilk bölümde Serbest Ticaret Anlaşması'nın ne olduğu ve neden yapıldığına ilişkin bilgi verilerek Avrupa Birliği'nin üçüncü ülkelerle kurduğu ticari ilişkilerin genel içeriğine değinilecektir. Bu kapsamda AB'nin ticari ilişkilerinin kurucu anlaşmalardaki hukuki dayanaklarına (Paris Anlaşması, Roma Anlaşması, Maastricht Anlaşması, Amsterdam Anlaşması, Nice Anlaşması, Lizbon Anlaşması) yer verilecektir. İkinci bölümde ise serbest ticaret anlaşmaları bağlamında Avrupa Birliği – üçüncü ülke ilişkileri incelenecek. Serbest ticaret anlaşmalarının AB için önemiyle başlayacak olan bölümde AB'nin STA kapsamında müzakere yürüttüğü ülkeler ''sonuçlanan'' ve ''hala müzakere sürecinde olanlar'' olarak iki kısımda incelenecektir. Son bölüm, Türkiye'nin AB süreciyle başlayacak ve STA sebebiyle oluşacak ekonomik ve politik beklentiler ile devam edecektir. Ek olarak AB ve ABD'nin taraf olduğu TTIP'nin Türk ekonomisine etkisine yer verilecektir. Türkiye'nin imzaladığı STA'lar değerlendirilecek ve Avrupa Birliği tarafında gerçekleştirilen Serbest Ticaret Anlaşmaları'nın Türkiye'ye etkileriyle bölüm tamamlanacaktır. Eleştirel kaynak taramasının akabinde resmi kaynaklardan alınan verilerle tablolar oluşturulacak ve toplanan veriler üzerinden hipotetik analizler çerçevesinde değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır. Yapılan çalışma, Gümrük Birliği nedeniyle Avrupa Birliği'nin üçüncü ülkelerle yapmış olduğu Serbest Ticaret Anlaşmaları'ndan Türkiye'nin olumsuz yönde etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. ; The European Union establishes ralations with many countries through signing trade agreements. Although Turkey is not an EU member, the Costum Union is affected by the free agreements signed by the EU with third countries. In this context, the first part of this thesis will give information about what is STA and why it is done and the general content of the European Union's trade relations with third countries. In this context, the legal basis of the EU's commercial relations in the founding treaties (Treaty of Paris, Treaty of Rome, Maastricht Treaty, Amsterdam Agreement, Nice Agreement, Lisbon Agreement) will be included. In the second part, the relations between European Union and third countries will be examined in the context of free trade agreements. In the section that will begin with the importance of free trade agreements for the EU, the countries where the EU negotiates on the STA will be examined in two parts, which are still in the negotiation process. The final chapter will begin with Turkey's EU process will continue and STA will occur due to economic and political expectations. In addition, the impact of the TTIP, planned to be realized between the European Union and the United States, on the Turkish economy will be included. Turkey has signed FTAs with the European Union will be evaluated and held in side section will be completed by the effects of the FTA with Turkey. Following the critical literature review, tables will be formed with the data obtained from official sources and evaluations will be made on the collected data within the framework of hypothetical analysis. The studies, because the European Union's Customs Union with third countries that have been negatively affected by Turkey's Free Trade Agreements that reveals.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan "Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun" ile 18.06.2018 tarihli "Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge" gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. ; Eğitim sistemlerinde öğretim dilini değiştirmek veya çocuklara ek bir dil aracılığı ile eğitim vermek, genellikle sosyal, politik ve ekonomik stratejik eylemlerin doğrudan bir sonucu olan tarihsel bir küresel olgudur (Marsh, 2013: Önsöz). 1990'larda, Avrupa'da, küreselleşmenin sosyopolitik ve eğitimsel izdüşümünün bir sonucu olarak, dil ve içeriğin bütünleşik öğrenimi (CLIL) yaklaşımı ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan, ideal bir şekilde uygulanmasına ilişkin endişeler konu ile ilgili giderek artan bir araştırma alanı yaratmaktadır. CLIL öğretmenlerinin yetkinlik alanları ve hizmet öncesi veya hizmet içi seviyelerde eğitimleri ilgili de, bu anlamda, İspanya dahil birçok bağlamda geçerli kaygılar olmuştur. Bu çalışma öğretmen adaylarının 2000'li yılların başından bu yana CLIL izlencelerinin devlet okullarında giderek yaygınlaştığı İspanya bağlamında CLIL sınıflarında en iyi performansı gösterme yetkinliklerini kazanma konusunda edindikleri eğitim ve öz-yeterlilikleriyle ilgili algılarını incelemektedir. Araştırma hedefleri ışığında sonuçlar elde etmek üzere karma-yöntem izlenmiş; veri toplamak için işe koşulan anket ve görüşmelerin analizleri detaylı şekilde paylaşılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizi sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının ve hizmet-içi CLIL öğretmenlerinin yetkinlik ve aldıkları eğitimden memnuniyet algılarının değişkenlik gösterdiği görülmektedir. Nitel verilere kıyasla hizmet-içi CLIL öğretmenlerinin yetkinlik algıları ile ilgili daha olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Öte yandan, nitel veriler CLIL uygulamalarının çok yönlü meselelerine yönelik daha kapsamlı bilgi vermektedir. Tüm sonuçlar bütünlük oluşturacak şekilde ve ilgili alanyazın ile ilişkilendirilerek tartışılmış ve araştırmaya dayalı öneriler paylaşılmıştır. ; Changing the language of instruction in educational systems, or teaching children through an additional language is a historical global phenomenon that is often a direct result of social, political and economic strategic actions (Marsh, 2013: Foreword) In 1990s, Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach emerged in Europe as an outcome of sociopolitical and educational projection of globalisation. On the other hand, concerns for its fair implementation have been holding growing space within research domains. CLIL teachers' competency areas and training at initial or in-service levels, to this end, have been valid concerns in many contexts including Spain. This study leans over this issue and investigates pre-service and in-service teachers' perceptions with respect to their self-efficacy and satisfaction with the education they have received in gaining them the competencies to perform their best in CLIL classrooms in Spanish context, where CLIL provision in mainstream schools has been experienced since the early 2000s. To collect data a mixed-method approach was sought followed by content analysis and statistical analysis to yield results in the light of the research objectives. The analyses of the quantitative results indicate that pre-service and in-service teachers' perceptions of competencies and satisfaction with the education they have received vary and differ at certain points. Quantitative results present more positive perceptions of competencies on the part of the in-service teachers compared to the qualitative results. The qualitative data, on the other hand, provide more in-depth insight into the multifarious issues regarding CLIL implementations. The results are discussed through comparison of the quantitative and qualitative data gathered through a questionnaire and interviews in line with the relevant literature, and implications based on the study are shared at the end.

Incubator models have evolved since the first known US incubator in 1959. From the first generation of a facilities-focused incubator model in the 1960s to the fourth generation of emerging models, commonly referred to as, the "Accelerator" model and the "Venture Builder" model. Since 2006, there has been a significant increase in the number of venture builders and accelerators. Yet very little is known about a) their performance and the antecedents; b) the key differences between venture builders and accelerators; c) the factors and practices that characterise highly successful venture builders and d) their (venture builders)comparative advantages or disadvantages compared to the large number of accelerators. This study examined and analysed the venture building phenomenon where there has been a paucity of rigorous published scientific research. Meanwhile, practice-oriented publications have proliferated. The empirical research adopted both face-to-face interviews and online semi-structured surveys that comprised three separate studies. Study 1 saw the participation of eight overseas and local incubation practitioners in separate face to face hour-long interviews (four accelerators and four venture builders). The literature review and the findings in Study 1, which detailed the actual practices of these two incubation models, yielded ten key important practices that these incubators represented as their modus operandi. These ten practices became the independent predictors which were used in Study 1a and Study 2. Study1a was an extension of Study 1 in that twenty-nine highly experienced incubation practitioners (from diverse location such as Hungary, US, Canada, Portugal, France, Mexico and Turkey) participated in answering an online semi-structured survey to ascertain their agreement or disagreement about these ten practices as characteristics of venture building practices. Finally, Study 2, an online semi-structured survey, was launched. Study 2 yielded responses from forty-four start-ups from wide-ranging diverse countries including Singapore, Canada, US, Thailand, Turkey, India and Japan. This was the focal study that provided the data for testing eleven pairs of hypotheses. Success, being the predicted outcome of the start-ups was assessed from two angles - financial success and psychological satisfaction. The study identified the key incubation practices that were associated with successful start-ups and produced a binomial logistic regression generated prediction model for each of the two success outcomes. Together the findings of the three studies were triangulated and yielded eight key insights on the predictors that contributed to successful start-ups. To develop financially successful start-ups, incubators should focus on the five key practices of marketing performance, demand orientation, market scope, internationalisation and long-term engagement; whereas in developing psychologically satisfied start-ups, the four key focal practices are marketing performance, demand orientation, market scope and internationalisation (high commonality with practices identified for financially successful start-ups). This exploratory research contributed to our innovation knowledge by exploring the known gaps and provided key insights that are useful for start-up investors, government innovation policy-makers and entrepreneurs of start-ups looking to maximise success. The study concluded by suggesting some areas for future research. The key takeaway of this research is this: "Given the often-confusing labelling of incubators as accelerators or venture builders, it is not what they call themselves that is critical to the success of start-ups - but what they actually practice that matters !".

У статті на основі методів термінологічного аналізу, систематизації та узагальнення законодавчих міжнародних та національних документів, наукових джерел окреслено поняття «професійний розвиток», «ключові компетентності педагога», «освіта для миру». Професійний розвиток розглядається як безперервний процес навчання та вдосконалення професійних компетентностей фахівця, що дає змогу підтримувати або покращувати стандарти професійної діяльності і триває впродовж усього періоду професійної діяльності. Цілями неперервного професійного розвитку фахівця виділяють гносеологічну (формування особистості через освіту як цілісну систему); праксеологічну (формування фахівця через навчання впродовж усього життя шляхом формальної, неформальної освіти); аксіологічну (формування духовно-моральної патріотичної особистості). Ключові компетентності визначено як компетентності, важливі для підвищення особистого потенціалу і розвитку, розширення можливостей працевлаштування, соціальної інтеграції та активного громадянства. На аналізу прикладі філософсько-педагогічних студій і промов видатного священнослужителя, дипломата, теолога, «педагога світу» Яна Павла II, його концептів «праця», «людина», «родина», «дитина», «мова», «учитель» акцентовано увагу на гуманістичній сутності професійного розвитку педагога в об'єктиві освіти для миру. Окреслено діяльність ресурсного центру професійного розвитку вчителя української мови і літератури, що функціонує у СумДПУ імені А.С.Макаренка в рамках українсько-польського проекту Іnnowacyjny uniwersytet i przywództwo. Faza IV: strategie komunikacyjne i relacje uniwersytet-szkoła за напрямами фахово-методичним, дослідницьким та культурно-освітнім з метою надання освітньої, освітньо-консультативної, інформаційно-дидактичної, дослідницької підтримки вдосконалення ключових компетентностей учителя-словесника в умовах міждисциплінарного освітнього середовища на освітніх рівнях: бакалаврат – магістратура (аспірантура) закладів вищої педагогічної освіти - освіта упродовж життя на засадах цінностей педагогіки партнерства і наставництва. ; In article, on the ground of methods of terminological analysis, systematization and generalization of international and national legislative regulations and scientific sources, the concepts of «professional development», «key competencies of the teacher», «education for peace» are outlined. Professional development is considered as a continuous process of training and improving professional competence of a specialist. It allows supporting or improving standards of professional activity and lasts throughout the period of professional activity. The goals of the continuous professional development of the specialist are distinguished as epistemological (the formation of personality through education as a holistic system); praxeological (the formation of a specialist through lifelong learning through formal, non-formal education); axiological (the formation of a spiritual and moral patriotic personality). The key competencies are defined as competencies that are important for enhancing personal capability and development, expanding employment opportunities, social integration and active citizenship. On the analysis of the philosophical and pedagogical studios and speeches of prominent clergyman, diplomat, theologian, «the teacher of the world» John Paul ІІ, his concepts of «work», «human», «family», «child», «language», «teacher» emphasized the humanistic essence of the professional development of a teacher in the objective of education for peace. The activity of the Resource Center for Professional Development of the Teacher of Ukrainian Language and Literature which is functioning at the Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. M. Makarenko within the Ukrainian-Polish project «Innowacyjny uniwersytet I przywództwo» is outlined. Faza IV: strategie komunikacyjneirelacje uniwersytet-szkoła in the areas of vocational, research, cultural and educational purposes is functioning in order to provide educational, advisory, informative, didactic, research support, perfection of key competences of a teacher-philologist. This is achieved in condition of interdisciplinary educational environment at educational levels: undergraduate education - magistracy (postgraduate study) of establishments of higher pedagogical education – life long education on the basis of pedagogy values of partnership and mentoring.

The article analyzes the main tendencies in optimizing the management of higher education, in particular, medical education in the USAat the present stage. The normative documents governing higher education management, in particular, medical education, encyclopedic, historical, pedagogical, and methodological literature on the issue of research, as well as teaching materials illustrating the experience of managing medical education in the USA, have been studied. In the course of the research, general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization) and historical-pedagogical methods have been used. It has been established that the rapid flow of finance and significant changes in educational policy, in conjunction with the task put forward by the federal government in the USA to identify the most gifted students resulting in the formation of a scientific elite led the higher school to the need for technical modernization and revision of the organization of the teaching process. It has been proved that the optimization of medical education management in the USAtakes place in a nationwide direction, trying to implement important principles of the functioning of the higher education system and overcome the most serious challenges of the present time. It has been proved that autonomy, employment assurance, academic freedom and internal university democracy are the basic principles of medical education management in the USA. The main challenges encountered by educational management in the USA include accessibility, financial availability of USA medical education, assurance of education quality with the account of rapid technology development and the need for accountability. Recommendations for the management of higher medical education based on the experience of the USA, have been suggested. They include creation of a system of state educational loans, subsidizing people from low-income families, stimulation of co-ownership and multi-channel financing of education institutions, transition to financing of higher education institutions on a contractual basis, consistent implementation of the principle of the autonomy, etc. У статті проаналізовано основні тенденції в оптимізації управління вищою, зокрема медичною освітою в США на сучасному етапі. В ході дослідження вивчено матеріали нормативних документів, що регулюють управління вищою, зокрема, медичною освітою, енциклопедичну, історико-педагогічну та методичну літературу з питань дослідження, навчальні матеріали, що ілюструють досвід управління медичною освітою в США. Використано загальнонаукові (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, систематизація) та історико-педагогічні методи. Встановлено, що швидкий потік фінансів, значні зміни в освітній політиці, а також завдання, висунуті федеральним урядом США для виявлення найбільш обдарованих студентів та формування наукової еліти, привели вищу школу до необхідності технічної модернізації та перегляду організації навчального процесу. Доведено, що оптимізація управління медичною освітою в США відбувається в загальнонаціональному напрямі, намагаючись реалізувати важливі принципи функціонування системи вищої освіти і подолати найважчі виклики сучасності. Виявлено, що автономія, забезпечення зайнятості, академічна свобода та внутрішня демократія університету є основними принципами управління медичною освітою в США. Головні проблеми, з якими стикається управління освітою в США, включають фінансову доступність медичної освіти США, забезпечення якості освіти з урахуванням швидкого розвитку технологій, необхідність підзвітності. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо управління вищою, зокрема, медичною освітою з урахуванням досвіду США, які включають створення системи державного освітнього кредитування, субсидування громадян з малозабезпечених сімей, стимулювання співзасновництва і багатоканального фінансування закладів освіти, перехід до фінансування установ професійної освіти на контрактній основі, послідовна реалізація принципу автономії навчальних закладів тощо.

Розкрито сутність фінансового оздоровлення банків, його роль у посиленні їхньої стійкості тавиходу з кризових ситуацій. Обґрунтовано заходи, спрямовані на поліпшення фінансового стану банків.З'ясовано підходи до визначення поняття «фінансове оздоровлення» саме банківської установи, що тра-пляються в економічній літературі. Запропоновано трактувати фінансове оздоровлення банку в широкомуі вузькому розумінні. У першому варіанті фінансове оздоровлення характеризується стабілізацією фінансо-вого стану банку шляхом зміни його політики управління активами і пасивами банку. У другому варіантіфінансове оздоровлення — це стратегічне бачення, стратегічний комплекс заходів, спрямованих не тількина усунення безпосередніх причин виникнення кризи на тій чи іншій стадії життєвого циклу банківськоїустанови, а й на нейтралізацію чинників, які погіршують фінансово-економічний і господарський стан банку.Запропоновано під фінансовим оздоровленням банку розуміти поліпшення фінансово-економічних показ-ників, збільшення ринкової вартості банківської установи, зростання рівня її капіталізації. Охарактеризова-но три основні види фінансового оздоровлення банків, до яких віднесено профілактичне фінансове оздоров-лення, фінансове оздоровлення в умовах кризи, посткризове фінансове оздоровлення. Розроблено основнізаходи фінансового оздоровлення банку. ; Th e article reveals the essence of fi nancial rehabilitation of banks, its role in strengthening theirsustainability and emerging from crisis situations. Th e measures aimed at improving the fi nancial status of banksare substantiated. Th e approaches to the defi nition of «fi nancial healing» of the banking institution, which are foundin the economic literature, are determined. It is proposed to treat the fi nancial healing of the bank in a broad andnarrow sense. In the fi rst case, fi nancial recovery is characterized by stabilization of the fi nancial condition of the bank,caused by the structural elements of crisis phenomena, based on the application of fi nancial management techniquesand technologies by changing its policy of asset and liability management of the bank. In the second case, fi nancialrehabilitation is a strategic vision, a strategic set of measures aimed not only at eliminating the immediate causes of thecrisis at one stage or another of the life cycle of the banking institution, but also to neutralize the factors that worsenthe fi nancial, economic and economic conditions of the bank. Attention is paid to the legislative interpretation of thebank's fi nancial rehabilitation — as the restoration of the bank's solvency and the bringing of fi nancial indicators ofits activities in line with the requirements of the National Bank of Ukraine. It is proposed to fi nancially improve thebank to understand the improvement of fi nancial and economic indicators, increase the market value of the bankinginstitution, increase its level of capitalization. Th ree main types of fi nancial rehabilitation of banks are described,including preventive fi nancial rehabilitation, fi nancial recovery in the conditions of the crisis, post-crisis fi nancialrehabilitation. Th e basic measures of fi nancial rehabilitation of the bank are developed. ; Раскрыта сущность финансового оздоровления банков, его роль в усилении их устойчивостии выхода из кризисных ситуаций. Обоснованы мероприятия, направленные на улучшение финансового со-стояния банков. Выяснено подходы к определению понятия «финансовое оздоровление» именно банковско-го учреждения, встречающихся в экономической литературе. Предложено под финансовым оздоровлениембанка понимать улучшение финансово-экономических показателей, увеличение рыночной стоимости бан-ковского учреждения, рост уровня ее капитализации. Охарактеризованы три основных вида финансовогооздоровления банков, к которым отнесены профилактическое финансовое оздоровление, финансовое оздо-ровление в условиях кризиса, посткризисное финансовое оздоровление. Разработаны основные меры финан-сового оздоровления банка.

Scarce is the research on the effects of the social and political climates of the Civil Rights era on children of that time. Comparisons are made throughout these writings between that era and the social and political climates that exist today in the United States of America. Specifically, the effects of these climates on Black males are examined across contexts. To better understand the Black male perspective, this body of research contributes to filling the gap of scarce research about older Black men, exploring lived experiences of eight African-American and Black men, 66-78 years of age, through first person interviews. A phenomenological research design and first person interviews allowed the researcher to find themes in the lived experiences of these men. Some of their life experiences (e.g., experiencing racism and disrespect related to being Black men), parallel the research findings throughout the literature review about the life experiences of generations of younger Black males that are coming behind them. Six themes were drawn, from the lived experiences of these men, to answer two research questions that guided the study. Those themes are: 1) personal experience with discrimination, racism or prejudice, 2) the need for strong familial support, 3) the importance of being aware of differences, 4) learning about your-self, 5) giving back to family and community and, 6) views about the need for counseling. From this research, implications are made for counselors, counselor educators and community advocates. ; EDD ; There are not a lot of research articles that follow the lives of children that lived through the Civil Rights Era, specifically young Black boys of that time. That era was full of social and political climates that the researcher compares to the social and political climates that exist as recently as the time of these writings in 2018. In this research study, the researcher interviewed eight African-American and Black men, ages 66-78, about their experiences living as men in the United States of America. Their life experiences are filled with lessons about racism, building positive family support, learning about yourself, taking care of responsibilities and community advocacy, to name a few. One of many potential benefits of these experiences is the impact it can have on young Black boys today who are living through social and political climates like those that the men interviewed lived through. The men interviewed were able to look back on their lives as young men and offer words of wisdom and advice to young Black men today. These words of wisdom and research have the potential to benefit the way mental health clinicians provide care for their clients, the way community members advocate for their young Black male citizens and the way police interact with citizens, specifically young Black men. For the purpose of this research, African-American is the term used to describe an American of African and especially of black African descent. Black is the term used to describe a person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The men interviewed were also asked about their view of respect which, for this research, is defined as: high or special regard: the quality or state of being esteemed.

International audience ; The mechanism of land value capture (LVC) for financing urban transport, which supports the cost of transit infrastructure through the revenues of land and property, has generated a substantial body of research. However, the literature on transit-related LVC has paid little attention to the politics and strategies of value capture. This article intends to shift the focus towards the governance of LVC, based on the case study of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) in Hong Kong. It argues that the evolving balance of power within Hong Kong's growth coalition has entailed a transformation of the MTRC's business model, prompting the transit agency to shift from the development of new real estate projects to the management of existing property assets. This work provides empirical evidence of an emerging 'management-based' value capture strategy, which is adapted to steady or slow growing urban contexts. ; Le mécanisme de la captation de valeur foncière (Land Value Capture, LVC) pour le financement des transports urbains, qui permet de co-financer les infrastructures de transport grâce aux revenus fonciers et immobiliers, a généré un important corpus de recherche. Cependant, la littérature sur la LVC ferroviaire a accordé peu d'attention aux politiques et aux stratégies de la captation de la valeur. Cet article vise à mettre l'accent sur la gouvernance de la LVC, en se basant sur l'étude de cas de la Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) à Hong Kong. Il soutient que l'évolution de l'équilibre des pouvoirs au sein de la coalition de croissance de Hong Kong a entraîné une transformation du modèle économique de la MTRC, ce qui a incité l'opérateur de transport à passer du développement de nouveaux projets immobiliers à la gestion d'actifs immobiliers . Ce travail fournit des preuves empiriques de l'émergence d'une stratégie de captation de "basée sur la gestion d'actifs" (management-based), adaptée à des contextes de faible croissance urbaine. ; 关于城市交通的土地价值获取(LVC)融资机制(通过土地和物业的收入支撑交通基础设施的成本),已有大量的研究。然而,关于交通相关LVC的文献很少关注价值获取过程中的政治和策略。本文拟根据港铁的案例研究,将重点转向LVC的治理。本文认为,香港增长联盟内不断演变的权力平衡要求港铁转变业务模式,促使该公共交通机构从新房地产项目的开发转向现有房地产资产的管理。我们的研究工作提供了一种新的"基于管理"的价值获取策略的经验证据,该策略适用于稳定或缓慢增长的城市环境。

International audience ; The mechanism of land value capture (LVC) for financing urban transport, which supports the cost of transit infrastructure through the revenues of land and property, has generated a substantial body of research. However, the literature on transit-related LVC has paid little attention to the politics and strategies of value capture. This article intends to shift the focus towards the governance of LVC, based on the case study of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) in Hong Kong. It argues that the evolving balance of power within Hong Kong's growth coalition has entailed a transformation of the MTRC's business model, prompting the transit agency to shift from the development of new real estate projects to the management of existing property assets. This work provides empirical evidence of an emerging 'management-based' value capture strategy, which is adapted to steady or slow growing urban contexts. ; Le mécanisme de la captation de valeur foncière (Land Value Capture, LVC) pour le financement des transports urbains, qui permet de co-financer les infrastructures de transport grâce aux revenus fonciers et immobiliers, a généré un important corpus de recherche. Cependant, la littérature sur la LVC ferroviaire a accordé peu d'attention aux politiques et aux stratégies de la captation de la valeur. Cet article vise à mettre l'accent sur la gouvernance de la LVC, en se basant sur l'étude de cas de la Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) à Hong Kong. Il soutient que l'évolution de l'équilibre des pouvoirs au sein de la coalition de croissance de Hong Kong a entraîné une transformation du modèle économique de la MTRC, ce qui a incité l'opérateur de transport à passer du développement de nouveaux projets immobiliers à la gestion d'actifs immobiliers . Ce travail fournit des preuves empiriques de l'émergence d'une stratégie de captation de "basée sur la gestion d'actifs" (management-based), adaptée à des contextes de faible croissance urbaine. ; 关于城市交通的土地价值获取(LVC)融资机制(通过土地和物业的收入支撑交通基础设施的成本),已有大量的研究。然而,关于交通相关LVC的文献很少关注价值获取过程中的政治和策略。本文拟根据港铁的案例研究,将重点转向LVC的治理。本文认为,香港增长联盟内不断演变的权力平衡要求港铁转变业务模式,促使该公共交通机构从新房地产项目的开发转向现有房地产资产的管理。我们的研究工作提供了一种新的"基于管理"的价值获取策略的经验证据,该策略适用于稳定或缓慢增长的城市环境。

Biomasseheizkraftwerke (BM-HKW) sind seit Beginn der 2000er Jahre Bestandteil des Strom- und Wärmeerzeugungssektors in Österreich. Angesichts des Auslaufens von Förderzeiträumen und der damit verbundenen politischen Diskussion, stellt sich aus Sicht der BM-HKW-Betreiber die Frage, wie sie ihre Existenz mittel- bis langfristig legitimieren und in weiter Folge sichern können. Unter Anwendung eines theoretisch-konzeptionellen Rahmens, der die Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Legitimität der BM-HKW, deren betrieblichen Produktionsprozess inkl. Lieferkette und Wirkungen zeigt, wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit der Public Value bzw. gesellschaftliche Mehrwert von BM-HKW in Österreich untersucht. Um zunächst den aktuellen State of the Art im Hinblick auf die Sichtweisen der externen Stakeholder und der Öffentlichkeit zur Energieerzeugung auf Basis forstlicher Biomasse zu ermitteln, wurde eine systematische Literaturanalyse durchgeführt. Die identifizierten 23 Artikel aus peer-reviewed Journalen, zeigten u. a. eine Vielfalt an ökologischen, ökonomischen sowie sozial-kulturellen Wirkungen, die mit dem Produktionsprozess sowie der Lieferkette der BM-HKW verbunden sind, auf. Um die Besonderheiten des österreichischen Kontexts zu ermitteln, wurden 14 Experteninterviews mit BM-HKW-Betreibern und deren Lieferanten (Waldbesitzer sowie diverse Akteure der Forst- bzw. Holzindustrie) durchgeführt. Diese haben Hintergrundinformationen und Zusammenhänge zu den drei Wirkungsdimensionen aufgezeigt. Darüber hinaus wurden Einschätzungen über die Sichtweisen der Bevölkerung zu BM-HKW und Herausforderungen im Hinblick auf externe Stakeholder thematisiert. Die Ermittlung des Public Value erfolgte schließlich durch eine Online-Befragung, an der 212 Bürger Österreichs teilnahmen. ^Dabei ergaben sich hohe Zustimmungswerte im Hinblick auf die positiven ökologischen, ökonomischen sowie sozial-kulturellen Wirkungen, die im Rahmen der Experteninterviews ermittelt wurden und grundsätzlich moderate Werte hinsichtlich (potenziell) negativer Wirkungen. Die finanzielle Förderung scheint hingegen den Public Value zu schmälern und die Legitimität des (Fort-)Bestands der BM-HKW zu beschränken. Darüber hinaus hat die Analyse der Ergebnisse jedoch auch bei einigen weiteren Faktoren einen Handlungsbedarf von Seiten der BM-HKW-Betreiber aufgezeigt. ; Biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plants have been part of the Austrian energy production sector since the early 2000s. As the eligible funding period is coming to an end for numerous plants, political discussions have led to the question of how those biomass CHP plants can sustain their existence in the middle- to long-term. With reference to a theory-based conceptual framework, illustrating the interconnectedness between the plants legitimacy, their operational capacity including their supply chain and the related outcomes, this study investigated the Public Value of biomass CHP plants in Austria. As a first step, the state of the art concerning stakeholders and public perceptions towards the energy production based on woody biomass was explored by the means of a systematic literature review. The identified 23 peer-reviewed journal articles, pointed out, amongst other topics, different ecological, economic and socio-cultural outcomes in relation to the biomass CHP plants production process and their supply chain. In order to get an understanding of the Austrian-specific context, 14 interviews with experts, viz. biomass CHP plants operators and their suppliers (forest owners as well as different players of the forest and wood industry), were carried out. These interviews revealed detailed insights and background information in relation to the three outcome dimensions. Apart from that, opinions on the Austrian populations perceptions about biomass CHP plants and challenges with reference to external stakeholders were discussed. The investigation of the Public Value was carried out by means of an online survey, in which 212 Austrian inhabitants participated. ^The positive ecological, economic and socio-cultural outcomes, which were identified in the interviews, received high ratings and the (potential) negative outcomes rather moderate values. Nevertheless, the granting of financial aid seems to impair the Public Value and the biomass CHP plants legitimacy for their (continued) existence. Apart from that, the analysis of the results also revealed other significant factors that call for the biomass CHP operators engagement and action. ; eingereicht von Irene Außerwöger, BSc ; Universität Linz, Masterarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)3866574