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This article introduces the theme of "Europeanization" in the context of the focus on contemporary southern & Mediterranean Europe. In applying the term "periphery" to the region, it argues that the major contrasts that exist between it & the "core" EU states serve to highlight in stark terms the challenges endemic within the Europeanization process. It explores the different meanings of "Europeanization" & argues that it necessitates a broad focus & a complex ontology. The case studies that follow are placed within the perspective of domestic institutional adaptation, albeit in a multi-tiered, core-periphery setting. The southern experience highlights the dynamism, asymmetry, & fragmentation of the Europeanization process. These attributes are of increasing significance both to an understanding of the patterns of change underway in the region & to the future stability & cohesion of the EU itself. 55 References. Adapted from the source document.

Although the EU provides valuable political opportunities for business, firms act at European level in different degrees and in different ways. This variation in the Europeanization of business has so far been partially overlooked by the literature. In this work I propose an institutionalist theory of the Europeanization of business by focusing on how national political institutions mediate the impact of the institutional structure of the EU on business behaviour. Findings from a large-N analysis across several countries demonstrate that firms in decentralized countries tend to be more active at EU level. National political institutions affect also how firms act at EU level. Indeed, those firms used to act individually at national level tend to act collectively at EU level. This work aims at a more nuanced institutionalist account of Europeanization, by bridging the gap between the traditional literature on comparative politics and the one on European interest representation.

We contribute to the literature of European Studies by introducing the approach of Neighbourhood Europeanization. Based on insights from Membership and Enlargement Europeanization, we reveal important inconsistencies of Neighbourhood Europeanization through the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) as well as a lack of robust empirical support for its effectiveness. We also define core dimensions and determinants of Neighbourhood Europeanization and implement this analytical framework for the case of Ukraine. Our analysis clearly demonstrates substantial asymmetries in the ENP for Ukraine across three dimensions we chose - democracy promotion, economic cooperation, and Justice and Home Affairs, which clearly reflect the inconsistency of the ENP concept, that is top-down formulation of EU interests combined with weak conditionality. However, our analysis shows that despite Ukraine's growing frustration because of the lack of a membership perspective, there is a lot of room for keeping up Ukraine's motivation for Europeanization reforms. Especially, widening and strengthening the linkage-mechanisms would allow to overcome ENP inconsistency and to improve the effectiveness of Neighborhood Europeanization.

We contribute to the literature of European Studies by introducing the approach of Neighbourhood Europeanization. Based on insights from Membership and Enlargement Europeanization, we reveal important inconsistencies of Neighbourhood Europeanization through the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) as well as a lack of robust empirical support for its effectiveness. We also define core dimensions and determinants of Neighbourhood Europeanization and implement this analytical framework for the case of Ukraine. Our analysis clearly demonstrates substantial asymmetries in the ENP for Ukraine across three dimensions we chose – democracy promotion, economic cooperation, and Justice and Home Affairs, which clearly reflect the inconsistency of the ENP concept, that is top-down formulation of EU interests combined with weak conditionality. However, our analysis shows that despite Ukraine's growing frustration because of the lack of a membership perspective, there is a lot of room for keeping up Ukraine's motivation for Europeanization reforms. Especially, widening and strengthening the linkage-mechanisms would allow to overcome ENP inconsistency and to improve the effectiveness of Neighborhood Europeanization.

AbstractThis article contributes to the integration of Neighbourhood Europeanization in the literature on Europeanization. Based on insights from Membership and Enlargement Europeanization, we reveal important inconsistencies of Neighbourhood Europeanization through ENP as well as a lack of robust empirical support for its effectiveness. We define core dimensions and determinants of Neighbourhood Europeanization and implement this analytical framework for the case of Ukraine. The analysis clearly demonstrates substantial asymmetries in ENP policy across the three dimensions we chose – democracy promotion, economic co‐operation and JHA, which clearly reflect the inconsistency of the ENP concept: top‐down formulation of EU interests combined with weak conditionality. ENP inconsistencies could however be overcome through widening linkages and improving financial support to mobilize and strengthen positive local support of EU demands and rewards.

Facing global migration movements, there seems to be no doubt anymore that Germany today has become an immigration country. During the last years increasingly the development of a common migration area can be observed. In this context, the goal of the survey was to depict the Europeanization of German migration policies. For this, both the main questions how the German migration policies developed since the 1990s and how much they subsequently became European policies were followed. With regard to Europeanization the survey shows that it is not a one way road. It is not a mere top-down process starting within the EU and leading to a change of policies within the EU member states. Instead, Europeanization would mean that the member states themselves (bottom-up process) would register their interest in a communitarisation of migration policies and may have significant influence on the top-down-process. So, Europeanization of national migration policies means – here using the example of Germany – their coordination on the supranational level of the EU including top-down and bottom-up processes as well. In this sense, the survey makes the area of migration policies accessible again: on one hand in Germany – i. e. on a national level – institutional adjustments of political instruments in response to supranational pressure can be deduced. On the other hand, on both levels a form of "parallel promotion

AbstractThis article presents the main empirical findings of the analysis of the European Union's activity for conflict prevention in three case studies – Cyprus, Kosovo and Palestine. After having clarified the meaning of conflict 'resolution', 'prevention' and 'Europeanization', it is proposed a classification of the main foreign policy tools at the disposal of the Union to intervene before the escalation of the conflicts, during and after it. Then, the article focuses on the empirical findings of the Europeanization of the conflicts in the case studies, and therefore not only on the instruments used and on the norms promoted, but also on the mechanisms and the conditions that have enabled or not the Union to exert its leverage.

Maģistra darba autore ir Latvijas Universitātes Sociālo zinātņu fakultātes studiju programmas Diplomātija studente. Diplomdarba tēma – Eiropeizācija Azerbaidžānā, Armēnijā, Gruzijā. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt eiropeizācijas procesus Azerbaidžānā, Armēnijā, Gruzijā. Lai sasniegtu maģistra darba mērķi, ir izvirzīti šādi uzdevumi: analizēt zinātnisko literatūru par eiropeizāciju; izpētīt Eiropas kaimiņu politiku; izpētīt austrumu partnerību; izpētīt, kā Austrumu partnerība tiek īstenota Azerbaidžānā, Armēnijā, Gruzijā; izpētīt Azerbaidžānas, Armēnijas, Gruzijas politiku Eiropas Savienībā; veikt padziļinātas intervijas ar Azerbaidžānas, Armēnijas, Gruzijas ekspertiem; Veikt iegūto datu salīdzināšanu. Lai sasniegtu izvirzīto mērķi, maģistra darbu paredzēts balstīt uz vispārzinātnisko metodi, padziļinātas intervijas ar pētījumā apskatīto pušu ekspertiem un dokumentu analīzi. Dokumentu analīzei raksturīga pētījumā iegūtās informācijas izpratnes interpretācija, kas ietvers eiropas kaimiņu politikas dokumentu gan iekšējās, gan ārējās vides analīzi. Padziļinātās intervijas maģistra darba pētījumā palīdzēs gūt secinājums par Azerbaidžānas, Armēnijas un Gruzijas eiropeizāciju. Apkopojot ekspertu interviju un dokumentu analīzes datus, darba autore veiks padziļinātu analīzi un salīdzināšanu, uz kā pamata gūs secinājumus par eiropeizācijas ietekmi uz Azerbaidžānu, Armēniju, Gruziju. ; The author of master theses is student University of Latvia, faculty of Social Science program Diplomacy. Topic of Master thesis – Europeanization in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia. The goal is to study the processes of europeanization in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia. To achieve the goals of the master thesis author has defined the following tasks: to analyze literature of the europeanization; to study European Neihbourhood Policy; study Eastern partnership implementation in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia; conduct research on Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia policy in European Union; take in-depth interviews with experts from Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia; take a comparison of the data. To reach goal of a master's thesis author will use following reaserch methods: general scientific method, in-depth interviews with experts form Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, and document analysis. In document analysis study will include both internal and external enviorment. In-depth interviews with experts will help conclude impact of Europeanization in Azerbaijan, Amenia, Georgia.