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Here we show how it is possible to make estimates of brain structure based on MEG data. We do this by reconstructing functional estimates onto distorted cortical manifolds parameterised in terms of their spherical harmonics. We demonstrate that both empirical and simulated MEG data give rise to consistent and plausible anatomical estimates. Importantly, the estimation of structure from MEG data can be quantified in terms of millimetres from the true brain structure. We show, for simulated data, that the functional assumptions which are closer to the functional ground-truth give rise to anatomical estimates that are closer to the true anatomy. ; BBSRC research grant BB/M009645/1 MRC UK MEG Partnership Grant MR/K005464/1 Wellcome Trust 203147/Z/16/Z Colciencias project "Evaluacion de la eficacia de modelos experimentales para la reintegracion politica y social de adultos con experiencia de combate en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano" FP44842-525-2014 Universidad de Antioquia FONDAP project 15110019

Die Autorin verbindet in der Arbeit zwei Themenkomplexe des Medizinrechts miteinander: Dies sind zum einen genetische Untersuchungen, welchen durch den genetischen Exzeptionalismus eine Sonderstellung gegenüber anderen medizinischen Untersuchungen zuerkannt wurde und es ist zum anderen das Themenfeld der vulnerablen und damit besonders schutzbedürftigen Personengruppe der Einwilligungsunfähigen. -- Die Arbeit unterzieht die §§ 14 ff. GenDG, welche die Zulässigkeitsvoraussetzungen einer genetischen Untersuchung zu medizinischen Zwecken an nicht einwilligungsfähigen Personen regeln, einer kritischen rechtlichen Analyse und zeigt potentiellen Verbesserungsbedarf auf. Zudem wird ein Lösungsvorschlag zu Voraussetzungen und Zulässigkeit genetischer Untersuchungen zu Forschungszwecken an einwilligungsunfähigen Personen unterbreitet. Diese regelungsbedürftige Thematik fand im GenDG bisher keine Berücksichtigung. / »Genetic Investigations for Medical and Research Purposes Involving Consent Incapable Persons« -- A human's genetic disposition is a major characteristic to reflect particular identity and consent incapable persons need increased protection because they cannot make self-determined decisions about an upcoming genetic test. They instead have to rely on the decision of their representative and can only trust that this decision reflects their interests. However, there are chances of opposing interests, like in the context of family-related genetic investigations, prenatal inspections, or in research. This book critically analyzes those genetic investigations with consent incapable persons that are possibly responsible under certain conditions

The core topic of the dissertation is the influence of networking of the real with the digital world on the everyday working life of people who work in the industry. The author investigates determining factors for diffusion of these networking technologies in industry 4.0 that change the relationship between (wo)man and machine, as much as the way of working of skilled workers at average employment level. She differentiates between three criteria for the diffusion: Scope of application, level of application and type of application. Skilled workers also play an active role in the diffusion process because only their trust in new technologies increases acceptance, as well as the level of diffusion, and therefore determines the success of technical innovations. Kernthema der Dissertation ist der Einfluss der Vernetzung der realen mit der digitalen Welt auf den Arbeitsalltag der Beschäftigten in der Industrie. Die Autorin untersucht Bedingungsfaktoren für die Diffusion dieser Vernetzungstechnologien in der Industrie 4.0, die das Verhältnis zwischen Mensch und Maschine ebenso verändern wie die Arbeitsweise der Facharbeiter:innen auf der mittleren Beschäftigungsebene. Sie unterscheidet drei Kriterien für die Diffusion: Anwendungsbreite, Anwendungsgrad und Anwendungsart. Auch die Facharbeiter:innen spielen eine aktive Rolle in dem Diffusionsprozess, denn erst ihr Vertrauen in neue Technologien steigert Akzeptanz sowie Verbreitungsgrad und bestimmt damit den Erfolg technischer Neuerungen.

For a reader to trust the perspective of a researcher as presented in qualitative inquiry, the disclosure of the researcher's position in relation to the data is vital. Who am I in relation to the research? becomes the central tenet in disclosing the positioning of the researcher. I contend that what we know (ontology), and how we know it (epistemology), are a result of our philosophical beliefs developed through our lifelong learning and not a precursor to them. In seeking to understand my philosophical positioning when researching my teaching a group of professionals from Timor Leste, I have found it helpful to answer four questions. What do I believe underpins my knowledge of life? Where did I gain this belief? How does this belief influence the way I react to situations and people? How do the assumptions, which I have accumulated from my life experiences, affect my reflexivity in my research? This article describes the process that I have used to reveal my position in relation to the data using examples from my autoethnography.

Qualitative historical knowledge is essential for validating natural experiments. Specifically, the validity of a natural experiment depends on the historical processes of treatment assignment and administration, including broader macro-historical dynamics. But if validating a natural experiment requires trust in the ability of qualitative evidence to establish the causal processes through which the data were generated, there is no good reason for natural experiments to be considered epistemically superior to historical research. To the contrary, the epistemic status of natural experiments is on a par with that of the historical research on which their validation depends. They are two modes of social-scientific explanation, each with its own pros and cons; neither is privileged. We illustrate this argument by re-examining an important recent contribution to the literature on violent conflict: Ferwerda and Miller's 2014 natural experiment estimating the causal effect of the German decision to devolve authority to the Vichy French government on violent resistance during World War II.

This article studies the Italian contribution to shaping the ideas and practices of development in the 1950s and early 1960s, when Italy changed from a case study for social scientists dealing with the problems of development into a model, and finally into a reluctant donor to less developed countries. It describes Italian thinking regarding economic and social development in the underdeveloped areas of the South. It also discusses the effectiveness of expert networks in promoting the Mezzogiorno as a case study of development practices in the 1950s. It then focuses on development aid to Somalia and shows how this could hardly be construed as a replication of the Mezzogiorno model in an underdeveloped post-colonial setting. Finally, through an analysis of Italian strategy within the DAC, the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD, it argues that the Italian authorities were incapable of building on Italy's economic miracle or making any significant contribution to Western development aid, squandering the trust acquired throughout the 1950s.

AbstractSocial commerce is thriving; therefore, it becomes essential to recognize different types of social commerce shopper. In this study, we assume that social networking sites such as Facebook contain differently behaving consumer segments. Based on the assumption that the majority of social commerce shoppers are young adults, we are interested in identifying unobservable shopper segments that the young group may contain. A conceptual model has been tested that incorporates the psychological factor (trust), the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology (UTAUT2), and behavioral aspects using mixture modeling techniques to reveal the unobservable consumer segments who have searched for clothing items through Facebook when shopping (n = 309). Three segments were found: social patrons (n = 219), wary explorers (n = 72), and sporadic explorers (n = 18). The study is a rare attempt to specifically categorize social commerce shopper segments by using mixture modeling techniques. The study offers further research avenues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

As autonomous and semiautonomous systems are developed for automotive, aviation, cyber, robotics and other applications, the ability of human operators to effectively oversee and interact with them when needed poses a significant challenge. An automation conundrum exists in which as more autonomy is added to a system, and its reliability and robustness increase, the lower the situation awareness of human operators and the less likely that they will be able to take over manual control when needed. The human–autonomy systems oversight model integrates several decades of relevant autonomy research on operator situation awareness, out-of-the-loop performance problems, monitoring, and trust, which are all major challenges underlying the automation conundrum. Key design interventions for improving human performance in interacting with autonomous systems are integrated in the model, including human–automation interface features and central automation interaction paradigms comprising levels of automation, adaptive automation, and granularity of control approaches. Recommendations for the design of human–autonomy interfaces are presented and directions for future research discussed.

This auto-ethnographic study describes a practical application of qualitative research skills in an intensive writing retreat. The retreat was held in response to an inadequate dissertation defense just three weeks before final university deadline for graduation. It uses narrative and double- storytelling to step in and out of the experience of a debriefing process that put the writer in a vulnerable position with a critical friend. The reality of not completing the PhD demanded aggressive and immediate action – an intense commitment to critical analysis of the dissertation. The reflective self-study of the writing retreat experience describes the significance of a critical friend, a safe place, commitment to task, trust, respect, and risk-taking that resulted in an approved dissertation and completed degree program. The unconventional action encourages exploration of alternative approaches for both doctoral committees and students struggling with the final phase of dissertation writing. Insights on collaboration and reflection are shown in the analogy with the playful spider sniffing activity.

This essay examines the role of sincerity in several recent US Supreme Court cases on religious freedom in which plaintiffs successfully sought religious exemptions from otherwise applicable state or federal laws: Hosanna-Tabor, Hobby Lobby, and Holt. Under a religious sincerity test, law cannot and does not distinguish religion from nonreligion; individual believers can and do. Instead, courts trust a person's or group's self-reporting—that they sincerely believe what they say they believe—and adjudicate from that point forward. As a criterion, sincerity invokes a host of epistemological and moral assumptions about personhood, the nature of belief, the substance of religion as somehow equating to belief (a highly contestable assertion), and what it is reasonable for a sincerely religious person to believe and do. Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, Leerom Medovoi, and José Esteban Muñoz, this essay suggests that sincerity also encodes racialized scripts of proper and improper affect and aligns them with dominant Christianity.

Despite growing interest in video-based methods in organizational research, the use of collaborative ethnographic documentaries is rare. Organizational research could benefit from the inclusion of collaborative ethnographic documentaries to (a) enable the participation of "difficult to research" groups, (b) better access the material, embodied, or sensitive dimensions of work and organizing, and (c) enhance the dissemination and practical benefits of findings. To increase understanding of this under-explored method, the authors first review the available literature and consider strengths, limitations, and ethical concerns in comparison with traditional ethnography and other video-based methods. Using recent data collected on working class men doing "dirty work," the authors then illustrate the use of collaborative ethnographic documentary as an investigative tool—capturing often concealed, embodied, and material dimensions of work—and a reflective tool—elaborating and particularizing participants' narrative accounts. It is concluded that collaborative ethnographic documentary facilitates greater trust and communication between researchers and participants, triggering richer exploration of participants' experiences, in turn strengthening theoretical insights and practical impact of the research.

Anomie, as defined by sociologists, refers to a state of society characterized by deregulation and erosion of moral values. In the present conceptual analysis, we bring the concept of anomie under a social psychological spotlight. We explore the conditions under which anomie arises and develop a model outlining various responses to anomie. We define anomie as a shared perception of the state of society and propose that two conditions must be met for anomie to emerge. First, a society's social fabric must be perceived to be breaking down (i.e., lack of trust and erosion of moral standards). Second, a society's leadership must be perceived to be breaking down (i.e., lack of legitimacy and effectiveness of leadership). We highlight two key responses of individuals to an anomic situation: a contraction of the personal self and a contraction of the social self. We discuss how a psychology of anomie can inform and advance broader theorizing on group processes.

The aim of this article is to analyse the views of a public critic of Islam, namely the Swedish Somali-born former Muslim Mona Walter (b. 1973). She has been selected because she has been very active in online media, social media and more 'traditional' forms of media such as print, radio and broadcasting. In my analysis I will discuss whether her thoughts can be viewed as Islamophobic, and if so to what extent. To decide on this matter, I have compared her statements about Islam with how the Runnymede Trust and the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (brå) define Islamophobia. The empirical data consist of an online interview with Mona Walter for the Swedish podcast rlm. This particular interview has been chosen for analysis because this program has been associated with anti-Muslim views and is renowned for its strong criticism of Sweden's migration policies and its multicultural society. The interview with Walter is analysed with the help of a content analysis.

Multiple roles of maternity formed the core of the discourse surrounding the controversial Hindu Code Bill during 1941–1956. In the struggle to reach a social agreement on family laws for the majority Hindu community in modern India, the discourse in the public and legislative scope brought out the split social ethics on maternity in Indian society. The constructive phase of family law reforms also played an important role in the social formation of the identity of maternity. The current revitalization of the discussion on enacting a uniform civil code, which its proponents trust will give all oppressed women equal rights, manages the reality of the discrimination that Hindu women continue to face in spite of alterations in Hindu personal laws, including issues of maintenance and inheritance. Instead of consistency in law oppressed women need an accessible and affordable justice system. Gender equality often stands compromised in several personal laws in India, along with the history of legislature having a non-interfering attitude in altering inequitable personal laws, in order to avoid negotiating on their political vote banks, unless rebuked by the judiciary.

This article introduces the special issue on constituency representation in France, Belgium and Germany. First, it proposes a brief state of the art to show that the literature on European parliamentary systems concentrates on the legislators' activities in the house but it remains comparatively limited regarding their activities outside Parliament. It is even more so in the three countries under study. This lack of comprehensive knowledge is problematic, considering the centrality of political representation in modern democracies but the current context of declining trust and confidence in representative institutions. Second, it describes the data from the CITREP and IMPLOC(BEL) projects as well as the original methodology used by the articles. Indeed, this special issue takes a new approach and combines different types of data and methods to analyse the concrete practices of parliamentarians on the ground. Finally, this article explains the main research questions, hypothesis and variables to be tested in the special issue, including institutional and individual factors.