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Proceedings of a national workshop to launch a multi-stakeholder collaborative platform for the promotion of the sustainable conservation and use of Andean grains in Peru, held in Puno, Peru, in November 2009, in the framework of an international UN Programme supported by IFAD ('IFAD NUS II Project'). The publication provides a very useful analysis of challenges and opportunities across the value chain of Andean Grains in Peru, along with recommendations to stakeholder groups on urgent actions needed to address the conservation and sustainable use of quinoa, cañihua and amaranth in the country in a more effective way. A collaborative platform links producer associations, research institutes, researchers, development agencies, civil society, the business sector and policy makers, promoting linkages, building synergies and cooperation along the value chain and can advocate for political support for promoting greater use of Andean grains. This approach shifts from the 'traditional' top-down approach, linking research to farmers through extension services, to a new paradigm, involving rural and agricultural innovation systems which link public and private sectors with farmers, civil society organizations and the scientific community. Thus the concept of "innovation" encompasses not only the "technological innovation" itself, i.e., the diffusion of new products and services of a technological nature into the economy, but it includes equally non-technological forms of innovation, such as institutional and organizational innovations.By bringing together all the different stakeholders into a single platform, interactions between producers, local authorities, NGOs, extension agents, service providers, researchers and buyers are facilitated. In this context, each stakeholder brings his/her particular expertise to the table to support the overall implementation of the value chain vision. Ultimately, this collective action is meant to improve the prospects of small farmers in agricultural markets.This document highly recommended for agencies and workers engaged in promoting Andean Grains in Peru and other countries in Latin America, where these crops are being increasingly recognized as strategic livelihood assets to fight poverty and nutrition insecurity within a climate changing scenario (in Spanish). Particularly useful is the description of the collaborative stakeholder platform and the approach used to put it in place.

The 10th IIBC has been hosted by the Facultad de Economía y Empresa from the Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain, in September of 2014. The main theme has been "IBERIAN MULTINATIONALS DRIVING THE CRISIS RECOVERY". We really believe that the Iberian firms and specifically those that have internationalized have played (and continue to play) an important role in the recovery process of the Portuguese and Spanish economies. The current news about these economies is positive; however we still need to work on it. This conference has provided a privileged forum to discuss this situation along with the recent work on such an important subject; but also, it has allowed us to share our research about other topics related to Foreign Direct Investment and Exporting with regard to both large firms and SMEs, cultural aspects or new ventures among others. In particular, this book includes 17 papers grouped under 6 parts of general topics: • Macroeconomic, Financial and Political Aspects of FDI • International Management and Cultural Topics • Determinants of Export Performance • International Networking • SMEs and Exporting • New Ventures and Entrepreneurship These current topics are analyzed from different perspectives such as finance, marketing, economy or management; and also from different research streams or theories and different contexts or countries (authors come from Universities from Portugal -8-, Spain -8-, United Kingdom -1- and Hungary -1-). All of that leads to enrich the debate and contribute to improve our international knowledge. On behalf of the Editors team, I would like to express our gratitude to the authors for sharing with all of us their research; and to the Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain) and the DGA-FSE (COMPETE Research Group, S125) for the financial support, since without their help, this book would have not been possible. Finally, we hope that you find this book interesting and a source of inspiration to new studies that help to improve our internationalization knowledge.

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an important approach towards minimizing impacts due to climate risks and maintaining agricultural growth. This report aims to contribute towards building a national strategy for scaling out climate resilient agricultural practices and technologies by synthesizing cumulative knowledge, experiences, and learnings gained by ICAR, CCAFS, and CG Centre's Programs in climate risk management. The report presents district level adaptation plan for resilient farming in the Beed district of Maharashtra. The process consisted of characterization of climatic risks followed by identification and prioritization of CSA technologies and practices and identifying scaling up opportunities through the convergence of government policies and programs. Drought, heat wave, dry spells, and deficit rainfall are frequently occurring climate risks in the district with severe impact on rainfed cropping system. For the identification and prioritization of CSA technologies, all potential technologies are first categorized into six main categories of water-smart, energy-smart, nutrient smart, carbon-smart, weather-smart and knowledge-smart. Thereafter, district specific suitable CSA technologies are identified following a participatory approach through stakeholder's workshop. The identified technologies are evaluated and prioritized for implementation feasibility, acceptability, adoption barriers, synergy with government plans, incentive mechanisms and key institutions. Total estimate budget of Rs. 387.0 Crore will be required for implementing these technologies in the district. The convergence of resources from relevant government schemes/projects for mobilizing funds for prioritized CSA technologies has been proposed. The process and results provided here are intended to assist decision makers to prioritize investments for CSA interventions to build resilient farming in the district.

Innovation and Technology - Strategies and Policies contains a selection of outstanding contributions by world experts on how a culture of innovation is able to produce a response to fast global changes affecting society. The book describes major evolutionary directions and foreseen trends in: environment versus industry; technology breakthroughs; energy planning; education and research; intangible investment requirements; new health technologies; and economics and management of innovative actions at strategic, organisational and technological levels. The actual percolation of the innovative process throughout the multiple facets of society is presented in relation to the main challenges facing us in the 21st Century. The book is addressed to all those concerned with innovation in dynamic terms as a creative response to the ongoing changes in society integrating sciences, technologies, humanities, life-long education and training, and other disciplines

Tsuchyama, J.: The end of the alliance? - S. 3-35. Yuen Foong Khong: ASEAN's post-ministerial conference and Regional Forum. - S. 37-58. Tanaka, A.: UN peace operations and Japan-US relations. - S. 59-83. Purrington, C.: U.S.-Japan relations and international arms control after the Cold War. - S. 85-111. Inoguchi, T.: Human rights and democracy in Pacific Asia. - S. 115-153. Awanohara, S.: The U.S. and Japan at the World Bank. - S. 155-182. Cowhey, P. F.: Pacific trade relations after the Cold War. - S. 183-225. Woo-Cumings, M.: The Asian Development Bank and the politics of development in East Asia. - S. 227-249. Hernandez, C. G.: A Philippine perspective on US-Japan relations and international institutions after the Cold War. - S. 251-273. Yasgeng Huang: China in the new international political economy. - S. 275-297. Simandjuntak, D. S.: The roles of international institutions in the settlement of economic disputes between the United States and Japan. - S. 299-318. Singh, B.: US-Japan relations and international institutions after the Cold War: a Singaporean perspective. - S. 319-330. Park, Y. C.: U.S.-Japan relations and international institutions after the Cold War: a Korean perspective. - S. 331-343. Ravenhill, J.: U.S.-Japan relations and international institutions after the Cold War: a perspective from Australia. - S. 345-357. Zakaria, H. A.: US-Japan relations and international institutions in the post Cold War world: a Malaysian perspective. - S. 359-362. Zubok, V. M.: U.S.-Japan relations and international institutions after the Cold War: a perspective from Russia. - S. 363-377. Gourevitch, P.: After the Cold War in the Pacific region. - S. 381-390

The challenges of contemporary higher education -- Challenges of migration into the European Union & proposal of solution through education -- Migration and dual education system as major countermeasures for problems on labor market in Federal Republic of Germany and Russian Federation -- Socio-political and political-geographical aspects of migration processes on the European continent -- The crisis of the multiculturalism policy in Sweden -- Environmental zoning of a large city (on case of Khabarovsk) -- Dichotomy of globalization and deglobalization processes in the modern world -- Russian identity in the age of globalization and regionalism -- Modern African regionalism in civilizational dimension -- Towards the problems of Islamic regionalism in Latin America: history and current status of formation -- The political status of Greenland in the 21st century: the way from the colony of the Kingdom of Denmark to the possible 51st state of the USA -- History and symbolics of the Catalan sovereignism in the context of geopolitics -- Ideology and geography of foreign policy of Philip II the Prudent considering philosophical and political discourse of the era -- The psychological aspects in political ideas of the Cambridge Platonists as an alternative to 17th century global thinking -- Historical knowledge as a tool for predicting the prospects of political geography (on the example of New Serbia) -- Geographic distribution of foreign businesses in Russia in the 10th -17th centuries -- Democracy culture in the Central Asian republics after the independence: the impacts of socio-economic and political -- Alternative models of political participation of population in developed and developing countries: cases of Switzerland, Germany, Brazil and Uruguay -- Correlation between closed nationalism and extremism: the cases of Zionist Israel and Apartheid South Africa -- The migration organization and policies in the Turkish public administration: an overview -- Changes in Swedish foreign policy after 2018 general elections -- Geography of oil and gas of the Russian Federation in the world markets -- Russia's new Eastward policy and transnational development cooperation in the Far East -- Geopolitical / geoeconomical risks and national security of Russia -- Geopolitical consequences of the end of the Cold War in the post-Soviet space: prerequisites for the emergence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization -- China's infrastructural expansion in Southeast Asia -- Development of BRICS cooperation mechanism under the new geopolitical conditions -- International legal problems of fighting corruption in the context of geopolitical integration -- Revisiting international law's discussion on the moral status of the fetus -- Is the UN environmental protection activity effective? -- Humanistic content of international cultural exchanges in the modern era -- The role of music as a tool for cultural diplomacy during and after the USSR period in the development process of Azerbaijan-Turkey relations -- Cultural cooperation between Russia and Iraq in the context of the common national identity problem of Iraqi people -- Culture as the basis for shaping a positive image of Russia: potential, problems, and solutions -- Finno-Ugric cultural rights in the context of sustainable tourism in North-Western federal district of Russia -- Geo-branding as a tool for providing Russia's interests in the international arena.

Foreword / Gabrielle Marceau -- About the book / Gabrielle Marceau and Clément Marquet -- Introduction : a meta-question / Georges Abi-Saab -- Evolutionary interpretation in international law : some short and less than trail-blazing reflections / Robert Kolb -- An interpreter's guide to static and evolutive interpretations : solving intertemporal problems according to the VCIT / Christian Djeffal -- Time present and time pas t: the intention of the parties and the evolutionary interpretation of treaties / Eirik Bjorge -- Using intertemporal linguistics to resolve the problem at the origin and core of the evolutionary interpretation debate / Julian Wyatt -- Evolutionary interpretation : the relevance of context / Donald McRae -- Evolutionary interpretation of international law in national courts / Kenneth Keith -- The interpretive work of treaty bodies : how they look at evolutionary interpretation, and how other courts look at them / Luigi Crema -- Evolutionary interpretation of unilateral acts of states and international organisations / Paolo Palchetti -- The strength of evolutionary interpretation in international human rights law / Gloria Gaggioli -- The Strasbourg approach to evolutionary interpretation / Oliver Dörr -- Environmental protection as an object of and tool for evolutionary interpretation / Nina Mileva and Marina Fortuna -- The European Court of Human Rights and the right to a clean environment : evolutionary or illusory interpretation? / Malgosia Fitzmaurice -- By men, not gods : the (hidden) evolutionary interpretation of international criminal law in the light of extrinsic sources / Sévane Garibian -- Understanding the choice for evolutionary interpretation / Isabelle Van Damme -- The illusion of "evolutionary interpretation" in WTO dispute settlement / Graham Cook -- Prospective linguistics and trade : the art of the deal / Clément Marquet -- The evolutionary treaty interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body / Sondre Torp Helmersen -- Is there evolution in the evolutionary interpretation of WTO law? / Peter Van den Bossche -- Evolutionary interpretation and the Appellate Body's existential crisis / Mariana Clara de Andrade -- Energy trade in the WTO, yesterday, today and tomorrow : the role of evolutionary interpretation / Jenya Grigorova -- Evolutionary interpretation in investment arbitration : about a judicial taboo / Makane Moïse Mbengue and Aikaterini Florou -- The role of state party pleadings in the evolutionary interpretation of international investment agreements / Kendra Magraw -- Investment treaty signatories' joint interpretation and the case of the NAFTA free trade commission : evolutionary interpretation or modification? / Jennifer Radford, Gregory Tereposky and Kun Hui -- History as interpretative context in the evolutionary interpretation of FET in international investment law / Charalampos Giannakopoulos and Malvika Monga -- Articulating evolutionary interpretation and the rule of law : the EU as a composite legal order based on relative rules of law / Nicolas Levrat -- Multilingualism and the dynamic interpretation of European Union law / Mattias Derlén -- Conclusion / Kenneth Keith -- Afterword / Georges Abi-Saab.

The European MAPA (Multilingual Anonymisation for Public Administrations) project aims at developing an open-source solution for automatic de-identification of medical and legal documents. We introduce here the context, partners and aims of the project, and report on preliminary results. ; peer-reviewed

The dialectics that have led to an explosion of free movement of persons within ECOWAS borders largely constitute a new dimension of security threats in the region. The security threats emanating from incessant human migration within the region have predictably distorted the security architecture of Nigeria, thereby posing colossal pressures on the Nigerian armed forces, as well as leading to the loss of human lives, properties, and financial resources. The study investigated how ECOWAS protocol on free movement of persons and porous borders in the West African region orchestrate armed banditry in Nigeria. The work was anchored on the Qualitative-Descriptive method of analysis, and 'inelastic political will' was adopted as an analytical construct that explains the inability of ECOWAS member governments as well as the Nigerian government to employ sustainable strategies in tackling the ever-changing security threat dimensions within the region. It was revealed that chaotic and explosive cross-border migration of persons in West Africa has a relationship with the new dimension of armed banditry in Nigeria. The study recommended that the ECOWAS framework that promotes the free movement of people be reviewed and amended to address current security crises in the region. Also, there is a need for the Nigerian government to reinforce viable and strong diplomatic ties with the neighboring countries such as Benin, Chat, Niger, and Cameroon regarding border infrastructure development and security enhancement mechanisms to cover ungoverned spaces in the Chad Basin Region.

The purpose of this handbook is to provide policy makers with a framework to assess a tax system in its entirety, measure its various parameters and how it is administered, and defines best practices for tax policy and administration that will yield a tax system that is simple and predictable and does not create an undue burden on private enterprise. This handbook is primarily designed for policy makers and tax practitioners. The goal is to analyze the impact of income tax, the value added tax (VAT), and other local taxes that are imposed on business. This handbook does not analyze the effects of trade and labor taxes such as social security. The administration of the customs duty is unique and has been addressed extensively in the literature on customs modernization. Labor taxes primarily imposed on salaried individuals are not covered by this handbook, even though their incidence affects business. VAT has been included even though it is a tax on consumption because the administrative burden to comply with it is primarily on business.

Africa is experiencing an increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCD). However, few reliable data are available on their true burden, main risk factors, and economic impact that are needed to inform implementation of evidence-based interventions in the local context. In Malawi, a number of initiatives have begun addressing the NCD challenge, which have often utilized existing infectious disease infrastructure. It will be crucial to carefully leverage these synergies to maximize their impact. NCD-BRITE (Building Research Capacity, Implementation, and Translation Expertise) is a transdisciplinary consortium that brings together key research institutions, the Ministry of Health, and other stakeholders to build longterm, sustainable, NCD-focused implementation research capacity. Led by University of Malawi—College of Medicine, University of North Carolina, and Dignitas International, NCD-BRITE's specific aims are to conduct detailed assessments of the burden and risk factors of common NCD; assess the research infrastructure needed to inform, implement, and evaluate NCD interventions; create a national implementation research agenda for priority NCD; and develop NCD-focused implementation research capacity through short courses, mentored research awards, and an internship placement program. The capacity-building activities are purposely designed around the University of Malawi—College of Medicine and Ministry of Health to ensure sustainability. The NCD BRITE Consortium was launched in February 2018. In year 1, we have developed NCD-focused implementation research capacity. Needs assessments will follow in years 2 and 3. Finally, in year 4, the generated research capacity, together with findings from the needs assessments, will be used to create a national, actionable, implementation research agenda for NCD prioritized in this consortium, namely cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.HighlightsNCD-BRITE is a transdisciplinary consortium that brings together key research institutions, the MOH, and other stakeholders to build long-term, sustainable, NCD-focused implementation research capacity.NCD-BRITE's specific aims are to conduct detailed assessments of the burden and risk factors of common NCD (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD and asthma); assess the research infrastructure needed to inform, implement, and evaluate NCD interventions; create a national implementation research agenda for priority NCD; and develop NCD-focused implementation research capacity through short courses, mentored research awards, and an internship placement program.The capacity-building activities are purposely designed around the College of Medicine and the Government of Malawi MOH to ensure sustainability.It was initiated in 2017 and has successfully completed 2 years of operation.

The global nephrology community recognizes the need for a cohesive strategy to address the growing problem of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In March 2018, the International Society of Nephrology hosted a summit on integrated ESKD care, including 92 individuals from around the globe with diverse expertise and professional backgrounds. The attendees were from 41 countries, including 16 participants from 11 low- and lower-middle-income countries. The purpose was to develop a strategic plan to improve worldwide access to integrated ESKD care, by identifying and prioritizing key activities across 8 themes: (i) estimates of ESKD burden and treatment coverage, (ii) advocacy, (iii) education and training/workforce, (iv) financing/funding models, (v) ethics, (vi) dialysis, (vii) transplantation, and (viii) conservative care. Action plans with prioritized lists of goals, activities, and key deliverables, and an overarching performance framework were developed for each theme. Examples of these key deliverables include improved data availability, integration of core registry measures and analysis to inform development of health care policy; a framework for advocacy; improved and continued stakeholder engagement; improved workforce training; equitable, efficient, and cost-effective funding models; greater understanding and greater application of ethical principles in practice and policy; definition and application of standards for safe and sustainable dialysis treatment and a set of measurable quality parameters; and integration of dialysis, transplantation, and comprehensive conservative care as ESKD treatment options within the context of overall health priorities. Intended users of the action plans include clinicians, patients and their families, scientists, industry partners, government decision makers, and advocacy organizations. Implementation of this integrated and comprehensive plan is intended to improve quality and access to care and thereby reduce serious health-related suffering of adults and children affected by ESKD worldwide.

The global nephrology community recognizes the need for a cohesive strategy to address the growing problem of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In March 2018, the International Society of Nephrology hosted a summit on integrated ESKD care, including 92 individuals from around the globe with diverse expertise and professional backgrounds. The attendees were from 41 countries, including 16 participants from 11 low- and lower-middle-income countries. The purpose was to develop a strategic plan to improve worldwide access to integrated ESKD care, by identifying and prioritizing key activities across 8 themes: (i) estimates of ESKD burden and treatment coverage, (ii) advocacy, (iii) education and training/workforce, (iv) financing/funding models, (v) ethics, (vi) dialysis, (vii) transplantation, and (viii) conservative care. Action plans with prioritized lists of goals, activities, and key deliverables, and an overarching performance framework were developed for each theme. Examples of these key deliverables include improved data availability, integration of core registry measures and analysis to inform development of health care policy; a framework for advocacy; improved and continued stakeholder engagement; improved workforce training; equitable, efficient, and cost-effective funding models; greater understanding and greater application of ethical principles in practice and policy; definition and application of standards for safe and sustainable dialysis treatment and a set of measurable quality parameters; and integration of dialysis, transplantation, and comprehensive conservative care as ESKD treatment options within the context of overall health priorities. Intended users of the action plans include clinicians, patients and their families, scientists, industry partners, government decision makers, and advocacy organizations. Implementation of this integrated and comprehensive plan is intended to improve quality and access to care and thereby reduce serious health-related suffering of adults and children affected by ESKD worldwide.