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Scholars have increasingly recognized the sociocultural impacts of gentrification on Black residents. However, the gentrification literature lacks a theoretical model on the nuanced ways gentrification socially and culturally displaces longstanding Black residents. Limited attention has been given to factors that moderate social and cultural displacement. This article introduces a Theoretical Model of Gentrification-Induced Social and Cultural Displacement and Place Identity among longstanding Black residents based on extant theories and literature. Black neighborhoods' changing character was theorized as a precipitating factor leading to residents' negative experiences. Five types of experiences were theorized as contributing to social and cultural displacement: (1) confronting changing neighborhood norms, (2) "othering," (3) losing social connections, (4) encroaching, and (5) witnessing the erasure of what was. The theoretical model further advances knowledge by explicating how place identity may moderate longstanding Black residents' social and cultural displacement experiences. Implications for future research and equitable development for historically Black communities are provided.

When a society or nation contains many cultures, large or small, with differing institutional and organizations networks, individuals and groups must, in order to successfully navigate their passages within and between cultures, learn to act and react to primary and secondary cultural orientations, which might be labeled dominant and super-ordinate or non-dominant and sub-ordinate. Under such a scenario, biculturalism exists. The essays in this volume offer fresh theoretical and methodological insights into biculturalism as an existing reality in many socieities. The authors present a variety of methodological strategies and techniques case studies, autoethnography, content analysis, participant observation, the national survey, and structured and unstructured interviews. Whereas some essays provide a brief history as a point of reference to aid the reader in understanding how and why biculturalism began and persists the beginning of biculturalism, others do not.All essays, whether written from social science or humanity perspectives, give the readers a glimpse into the bicultural world of a particular people or group. Hence, biculturalism is presented as it illustrates the world of the following: a female African American intellectual; German, Koreans, and Japanese immigrants, Koreans; South Asians; two autoethnographic bicultural case studies; issues of identity and biculturalism among Asians, Native Americans, whites, and African Americans in the U.S.; and, a content analysis of Spanish language programs for children, and essays analyzing biculturalism among Jewish Americans and African Americans, and a critique of Ralph Ellison's bicultural imperatives.Many of the essays will analyze class, ethnic, and gender issues as they relate to the idea of biculturality. The essays in this volume relate the bicultural experience and remind the reader that this bicultural experience may connect to ideas of acculturation, assimilation, marginality, identity, ambivalence, super-ordinate, sub-ordination, and issues related to insiders and outsiders, but a crucial theme in biculturalism is the existence of two cultural streams and the fact that individuals and groups may, over time, operate in both streams, and deftly move within and between each, as opportunities present themselves.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Illustration -- Acknowledgements -- Part One Language and Identity: A Theoretical Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Meaning: From Inner Structure to Post-structure -- Introduction -- Historical philosophical accounts of language-identity -- Chomsky's Cartesian linguistics -- Universal Grammar -- Social constructivism: language as a social phenomenon -- An ideological view of language: notions of discourse -- The structuralism of Saussure -- Saussure's formation of meaning through difference -- Structuralist implications for identity -- Post-structural identities -- Post-structural implications for identity -- Deconstruction -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Discourse Formation -- Syntagmatic and associative relations in words -- The location of meaning -- Dialogism, heteroglossia and ideology -- Ideological discourse -- Heteroglossia and discourse colonization -- Symbolic capital in language and discourse -- Foucault's perspective on discourse -- Implications for identity -- Discourse analysis, text and ideology -- Conclusion -- References -- Part Two Urban Discourses -- 4 'DFLs' versus 'Locals': Discursive Conflict on Social Media and the Battle for Regional Identity -- Introduction -- Geographical and historical context -- Analysis of 'Every Day Is Like Sunday' -- Aims and structure -- Paratext features: title, quotations, photographs -- Constructions within the text -- The two major narratives in the text -- Binary of the two cultures -- An unwitting gentrification discourse -- A colonialist discourse -- Reactive discourses -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Youth Identities: Media Discourse in the Formation of Youth Identity -- Introduction -- Unravelling what is meant by identity -- Media and the construction of identity -- The small-scale study

Income inequality has increased in the United States over the past decades and, more recently, social media has expanded adolescents' reference groups and their field of social comparison. These parallel societal changes may influence adolescents' social identity development and affect their well-being. We interviewed adolescents in contact with health services to understand their experiences with social status differences and social comparisons. In this sample of adolescents, social comparisons varied, based on context and individual characteristics, and were associated with a range of feelings and coping mechanisms. We highlight the implications of the findings in the context of changing societal dynamics.

The paper introduces the concept ofidentity agents. This concept refers to those individuals who actively interact with children and youth with the intention of participating in their identity formation, and who reflectively mediate larger social influences on identity formation. This contrasts with the focus of mainstream research in the identity field that tends to portray adolescents as the sole reflective agents involved in mature identity development. The paper presents a theoretical analysis presenting the importance of the concept for the formulation of a comprehensive contextual theory of identity formation. The particulars of this concept are illustrated through the presentation of a qualitative report of religious parents actively encouraging their children's processes of identification, co‐participating in their children's identity's formation, and reflectively deliberating their parental roles and goals in regards to this process.

"Comparatively few studies quantitatively examine the mechanisms underlying the formation of and change in young immigrants' ethnic and host country national identifications. A key reason for this research gap is the lack of an accurate measure of ethnic and national identity that meets the demands of integration research, i.e., includes a native reference group and is applicable to various age groups. In this article, we propose and test such a measure. As ethnic identity and national identity both are types of social identity, our measure distinguishes three crucial dimensions of social identity. The cognitive dimension not only captures whether immigrants and their descendants actually conceive of themselves as belonging to the country of origin of their families but also captures the presence of potential dual identities. The evaluative dimension assesses how non-native and native youths evaluate their group memberships, respectively. Finally, the emotional dimension measures their respective strength of commitment towards their family's country of origin as well as
towards the host country. After presenting our measure of ethnic and of national identity, we test it quantitatively on native and non-native children and youths aged between 9 and 17 years. Our analyses confirm the suspected multi-dimensionality of both ethnic and national identity. We also ascertain the invariance of our measure across immigrants and natives as well as across different immigrant generations and age groups. The results further indicate strong reliability and construct validity. We therefore conclude that our proposed measure not only
adequately captures different dimensions of ethnic and of national identity but that it is also
applicable to different ethnic and age groups, thereby providing a valuable tool for studying
immigrants' identification." (author's abstract)

Purpose – The Italian government addressed the first wave of its COVID-19 outbreak with a series of social restrictions and calculative practices, all branded with the slogan #istayathome. The hashtag quickly went viral, becoming both a mandate and a mantra and, as the crisis played out, we witnessed the rise of the Italian social movement #istayathome. This study examines how the government's calculative practices led to #istayathome and the constituents that shaped this social movement. Design/methodology/approach – The authors embrace social movement theory and the collective identity perspective to examine #istayathome as a collective action and social movement. Using passive netnography, text mining and interpretative text analysis enhanced by machine learning, the authors analysed just over 350,000 tweets made during the period March to May 2020, each brandishing the hashtag #istayathome. Findings – The #istayathome movement gained traction as a response to the Italian government's call for collective action. Thus, people became an active part of mobilising collective responsibility, enhancing the government's plans. A collective identity on the part of the Italian people sustained the mass mobilisation, driven by cohesion, solidarity and a deep cultural trauma from COVID-19's dramatic effects. Popular culture and Italy's long traditions also helped to form the collective identity of #istayathome. This study found that calculative practices acted as a persuasive technology in forming this collective identity and mobilising people's collective action. Numbers stimulated the cognitive, moral and emotional connections of the social ties shaping collective identity and responsibility. Thus, through collective identity, calculative practices indirectly influenced mass social behaviors and the social movement. Originality/value – This study offers a novel theoretical perspective and empirical knowledge to explain how government power affects people's culture and everyday life. It unveils the sociological drivers that mobilise collective behaviors and enriches the accounting literature on the effects of calculative practices in managing emergencies. The study contributes to theory by providing an understanding of how calculative practices can influence collective behaviors and can be used to construct informal networks that go beyond the government's traditional formalities.

Drawing on the literature, a model is outlined that explains social movement participation as a function of spoiled or stigmatized personal identities. Four interrelated processes are involved: (1) experience of self-devaluing circumstances (deviant behavior, physical stigmata, past experiences, or membership in objectionable groups); (2) development of a stigmatized identity & sense of differentiation from nonstigmatized others; (3) anticipation of self-enhancing gains (eg, respect, acceptance) from social movement participation; & (4) decision to participate in & selection of appropriate social movement. Models specifying the relationship between stigmatized identities & indices of disposition to participate in social movements are developed using longitudinal questionnaire & interview data from a sample of 1,943 individuals initially sampled as 7th grade students in Houston, TX, in 1971, & followed through their late 30s. Analysis indicates that, though a derogated personal identity is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for social movement participation, it is "quite often implicated" in both participation in & commitment to a movement. 4 Figures, 45 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

The practice of "Ngeloop" (bathing and soaking in seawater) when welcoming Ramadan fasting is a tradition of the South Lampung ethnic group. But in practice, this tradition is not only carried out by the South Lampung ethnic group, but also other ethnic groups that are Muslim. This research aims to determine the actions of Muslims in Lampung in carrying out the local tradition of "Ngeloop Haga Puasa". This research was a descriptive qualitative research with interview and observation methods. The informants were selected using the purposive sampling and snowball sampling technique. The location of the research was conducted in Kalianda, South Lampung District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The results of the research concluded that the religious value which obliges Muslims to practice fasting has been internalized which is expressed in the form of the practice of ngeloop. Expression in the form of local cultural practices is a strengthening of Muslim identity in South Lampung.

TO THE INCREDULITY OF THE WORLD, PROSPEROUS CANADA STANDS YET AGAIN AT THE BRINK OF CONSTITUTIONAL COLLAPSE. TO RESOLVE THIS CRISIS ONCE AND FOR ALL, CANADA MUST DECIDE WHAT IT STANDS FOR. TRADITIONALLY, THE COUNTRY DISTINGUISHED ITSELF FROM ITS AMERICAN NEIGHBOR BY ITS KINDER, GENTLER SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS, NOW DISMAL FAILURES, AND BY ITS BILINGUAL NATIONAL CHARACTER, NOW THREATENED BY QUEBEC'S NEW SEPARATIST GOVERNMENT. BICULTURALISM SHOULD BE CANADA'S RAISON D'ETRE. IF QUEBEC SECEDES, ENGLISH CANADA SHOULD CONSIDER JOINING THE UNITED STATES. EITHER WAY, CANADA WILL BECOME A MORE PERFECT UNION.

This study draws upon cognitive maps and interviews with 56 residents living in a gentrifying area to examine how residents socially construct neighborhoods. Most minority respondents, regardless of socioeconomic status and years of residency, defined their neighborhood as a large and inclusive spatial area, using a single name and conventional boundaries, invoking the area's Black cultural history, and often directly responding to the alternative way residents defined their neighborhoods. Both long-term and newer White respondents defined their neighborhood as smaller spatial areas and used a variety of names and unconventional boundaries that excluded areas that they perceived to have lower socioeconomic status and more crime. The large and inclusive socially constructed neighborhood was eventually displaced. These findings shed light on how the internal narratives of neighborhood identity and boundaries are meaningfully tied to a broader structure of inequality and shape how neighborhood identities and boundaries change or remain.