Suchergebnisse

The article reveals modern approaches to the definition of social policy of the state. Its main objectives, priorities are characterized; the essence of ways of achievement of objectives and prospects of consequences of their implementation in 1990-1995 are revealed. The aim of the study is to characterize the evolution of social policy of the Altai territory in the first half of the 90s of the 20th century. The historiographical review was conducted in three areas of research separately: protection of the poor; revision of the principles of financing of the social sphere; regulation of the labor market and the transformation of employment policy. The problems and achievements of regional policy in the field of social support of population are characterized on the example of the Altai territory; the main directions of improvement of the current situation for the next decades of the 21th century are determined. The author's conclusions are confirmed by statistical indicators of investments in the social sphere of the Altai territory of the late 20th century. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of a number of archival documents regulating the social policy of the Altai territory in 1990-1995, as well as in the analysis of formal institutions of regional social policy of the Altai territory, which proves that during the institutional transformations in the region there was a liberal model of social policy, corresponding to local economic opportunities and political attitudes of the elite. The article summarizes the information about the structure of government in the field of social protection of the population of the Altai territory in the post-Soviet period. The analysis of normative acts regulating their activity, main powers and functions is given. In addition, the stages of reforming the management system of social protection of the population and the causes of the difficulties in this regard are analyzed. The goals and procedure of reforming the system of social protection bodies throughout the Altai territory are revealed. goals and procedure ; Раскрываются современные подходы к определению социальной политики государства. Характеризуются ее основные цели, приоритеты, раскрывается сущность способов достижения поставленных задач и перспективы последствий их реализации в 1990-1995 гг. Целью исследования является характеристика эволюции социальной политики Алтайского края в первой половине 90-х гг. ХХ в. Историографический обзор проведен по трем направлениям исследования: защита слабообеспеченных слоев народонаселения; переработка принципов финансирования социосферы; регулирование рынка труда и трансформация политики занятости. На примере Алтайского края характеризуются проблемы и достижения региональной политики в области социальной поддержки народонаселения; определяются основные направления усовершенствования сложившейся ситуации на ближайшие десятилетия XXI в. Авторские выводы подтверждаются статистическими показателями вложений в социальную сферу Алтайского края конца XX в. Научная новизна исследования заключается во введении в научный оборот ряда архивных документов, регулирующих социальную политику Алтайского края в 1990-1995 гг., а также в анализе формальных институтов региональной социальной политики Алтайского края, который доказывает, что в ходе институциональных трансформаций в регионе сложилась либеральная модель социальной политики, соответствующая местным экономическим возможностям и политическим установкам элиты. Обобщены сведения о структуре органов управления в области социальной защиты народонаселения Алтайского региона в постсоветский период. Приводится анализ нормативных актов, регламентирующих их деятельность, основные полномочия и выполняемые функции. Кроме того, анализируются этапы реформирования системы управления социальной защиты населения и причины трудностей, возникающих в этой связи. Раскрываются цели и порядок реформирования системы органов социальной защиты на всей территории Алтайского края.

The situation of women, in relation to historical periods, has always been that of survival. After the beginning of the Civil War, and the involution in rights, republican women suffered a double victimization, the loss of rights and loved ones, and repression of their ho­nor, their privacy, or their body being outraged, raped, imprisoned, vexed , "Strolled", shaved, forced to ingest castor oil, murdered, and even, group shooting, as was the case of the 13 roses. Slave labor suffered by them, sometimes, in harder conditions than that of men.For the coup side, they were dehumanized or killed without responsibility for the mur­derer, and on the Republican side, they ended their days without the deserved recognition of the comrades in struggle or resistance. Its situation in the subsequent dictatorship was re­duced to a minority, with the cooperation of the Catholic Church.With the arrival of democracy, the conquests of social rights were many, not so, the ad­vances in feminism. Proof of this is that it will not be until April 2004, when parity in Spain is known in the Council of Ministers.The methodology of the investigation, part of the analysis of the sources or scientific literature, divided into six large blocks: Law of Historical Memory; documentation of the com­manders of the Civil Guard, and General Archive of the Ministry of the Interior; jurisprudence of national and European Courts and Tribunals; the "Valientes" books, by El País journalist Natalia Junquera; "San Marcos. The unknown concentration camp ", by journalists López Alonso and Gallo Roncero; as well as an interview with President José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, for the doc­toral thesis of the author of this candidacy, "legal processes in historical memory".The heroines were them, because they survived. ; La situación de las mujeres, en relación con los periodos históricos, siempre ha sido la de supervivencia. Tras el inicio de la Guerra Civil, y la involución en derechos, las mujeres republicanas sufrieron una doble victimización, la pérdida de derechos y seres queri­dos, y represión sobre su honor, su intimidad, o su cuerpo siendo ultrajadas, violadas, encarce­ladas, vejadas, "paseadas", rapadas, obligadas a ingerir aceite de ricino, asesinadas, e incluso, fusilamiento en grupo, como fue el caso de las 13 rosas. El trabajo esclavo sufrido por ellas, en ocasiones, en condiciones más duras que el de los hombres.Por el bando golpista, ellas eran deshumanizadas o asesinadas sin responsabilidad para el asesino, y por el lado republicano, terminaban sus días sin el reconocimiento merecido de los compañeros de lucha o resistencia. Su situación en la dictadura posterior, fue de reducción a minoría de edad, con la cooperación de la Iglesia católica.Con la llegada de la democracia, las conquistas de derechos sociales fueron muchas, no así, los avances en feminismo. Prueba de ello es que, no será hasta abril de 2004, cuando en España se conozca la paridad en el Consejo de Ministros.La metodología de la investigación, parte del análisis de las fuentes o literatura científica, dividida en seis grandes bloques: Ley de Memoria Histórica; documentación de las comandan­cias de la guardia civil, y archivo General del Ministerio del Interior; jurisprudencia de Juzgados y Tribunales nacionales y europeos; los libros "Valientes", de la periodista de El País Natalia Jun­quera; "San Marcos. El campo de concentración desconocido", de las periodistas López Alonso y Gallo Roncero; así como de una entrevista al presidente José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, para la tesis doctoral del autor de esta candidatura, "procesos legales en memoria histórica".Las heroínas fueron ellas, porque sobrevivieron.

The purpose of this research was oriented to the analysis and interpretation of the relations of conjugality, parental relationship and other kinships, in family organizations of couples with daughters and sons from different unions, regarding tensions, conflicts, arrangements, and agreements derived from demands of parenting and care. I chose social constructionism and qualitative methods to address six case studies with a narrative design through life stories from the biographical approach, with participants residing in Kennedy, Engativá, Puente Aranda, Usaquén and Suba´s localities in Bogotá D.C. I exposed these six cases, presenting analyzes intra-textual of each one, where I addressed unions, ruptures, and conjugal successive unions, and in the categories of parenting and family care I took: notions, ethics and ideals, maternity, paternity, and material demands. I addressed each case with genograms corresponding to changes in family organization and an analytical-interpretive canvas, where I consolidated next categories: family organization, capitals, violence, meanings of family experience and my reflections of each case. It is an elaboration that belongs to an instrumental proposal for family social work, that emerged, for depth analyzes of cases, its model is presented in the annexes. The underlying issue that I propose to discuss is the idealization of the nuclear, heterosexual, biogenetic family model, with sexual division of labor in contrast to the diversity of family organization; discussion in which I contribute to the preliminary construction of others study models that assume the family as relational field of social configuration and professionally actuation oriented in family autonomy and in an ethical and political commitment to the recognition and redistribution of works of care and parenting in society. ; El propósito de esta investigación lo orienté al análisis e interpretación de las relaciones de conyugalidad, parentalidad y otros parentescos, en organizaciones familiares de parejas con hijas e hijos de diferentes uniones, respecto a tensiones, conflictos, arreglos y acuerdos derivados de las demandas de crianza y cuidado. Elegí el construccionismo social y los métodos cualitativos para abordar seis estudios de caso con un diseño narrativo a través de relatos de vida desde el enfoque biográfico, con participantes residentes en las localidades de Kennedy, Engativá, Puente Aranda, Usaquén y Suba en Bogotá D.C. Cada caso lo expuse en análisis intratextuales donde abordé uniones, rupturas y uniones conyugales sucesivas, y en las categorías de crianza y cuidado familiar tomé: nociones, ética e ideales, maternidades, paternidades y demandas materiales. Abordé cada caso con genogramas correspondientes a cambios en la organización familiar y un lienzo analítico-interpretativo donde consolidé las categorías de la organización familiar, los capitales, las violencias, los significados de la experiencia familiar y mis reflexiones de cada caso. Este lienzo es una elaboración que pertenece a una propuesta instrumental para el trabajo social familiar que surgió para profundizar el análisis de los casos, su modelo es presentado en los anexos. La cuestión de fondo que propongo debatir es la idealización del modelo de familia nuclear, heterosexual, biogenético, con división sexual del trabajo en contraste con la diversidad de la organización familiar; discusión en la que aporto a la construcción preliminar de otros modelos de estudio que asuman la familia como campo relacional de configuración social y la actuación profesional orientada a la autonomía familiar y en un compromiso ético y político por el reconocimiento y la redistribución de los trabajos de cuidado y crianza en la sociedad. ; Magister en Trabajo Social con énfasis en Familia y Redes Sociales. Línea de Investigación: Familia y Redes sociales ; Maestría

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :국제대학원 국제학과(국제통상전공),2019. 8. 이영섭. ; Until now trade used to be the focus of the internationalization and the expansion of the market as well as business into other countries but there was a shift. The assumption of which trade takes place is when there is perfect competition and the resource endowment of capital and labor are the only factors that affect production, while all the other factors are immobile. As the true market is imperfect in real life and with the trend of globalization, the importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has increased. There being limited amounts of resources in a country, many firms are seek opportunities abroad to expand their business. Thus, this paper will deal upon the matter of the determinants of the trend of Outward FDI. This study mainly focuses on the patterns of Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) in the East Asian region, focusing on Korea, Japan, and China. The paper is a comparative study on how the three countries differ and have similarities in their decisions when conducting FDI. The paper chose to deal with the 3 most developedcountries in the East Asian region because they have similar cultures and historical backgrounds. It is a well-known fact that the Korean Economy follows the Japanese economy with a gap of 10 years. To add on, China, despite its distinct political and territorial characteristics seems to be catching up showing similar patterns in their economic growth status with the other two countries. This paper has used the STATA program to run several different regression models in order to differentiate the patterns in which the three countries conduct OFDI in a host country. The data will be collected based on the host countries of which FDI was performed. The determinants that were used as variables are the distance, GDP, population, GDP per capita, political risk (corruption level), natural resource endowment, and trade openness. The results from the regression have shown that all three countries are positively correlated with GDP, GDP per capita, natural resource endowment. While it is negatively correlated with population and has shown insignificant results for Political risk. Thus, through this paper, the author would like to provide predictions of the Korean and Chinese economy and show that the three countries have similar investment patterns ; 세계화가 진행됨에 따라 국제경제에서 무역에 더불어 해외투자의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 아시아에 위치하고 유사한 경제성장 모습을 보인 세 국가 한국, 일본, 중국이 해외에 투자를 할 때 어떤 요인들에 영향을 받는지 알아보았다. STATA 통계프로그램을 이용해 11년간의 데이터를 이용해 패널 회귀분석을 실시했다. 독립변수로 GDP, 1인당 GDP, 인구, 무역량, 자연자원, 정치부패지수를 이용했다. 해외투자 대상국의 어떤 특징들이 한중일로 하여금 투자를 더 많이 혹은 적게 하는지 검증했다. 세 국가는 위의 요인들에 있어 유사한 상관관계를 보였다. ; Chapter1 introduction . 1 1.1background of the study 1 1.2 objective of the study . 6 1.3 limitation of study 8 Chapter 2 review of literature 11 2.1 theories of FDI . 11 2.2 Studies on FDI determinants. . 22 2.3 Literature review on Korea, China, Japan 23 Chapter 3. Overview on Foreign direct investment and economy of Korea, Japan, and China . 31 3.1 Trend in FDI inflow/ outflow in Korea 31 3.2 Trend in FDI inflow/outflow in Japan 32 3.3 Trend in FDI inflow/outflow in China . 33 Chapter4: Determinants of outward FDI in 3 35 4.1 data source and methodology . 35 4.2 Hypothesis 39 4.3 Empirical results . 40 4.4 Significance of Study . 61 Chapter 5. Conclusion . 63 ; Master

The article examines the relationship and interconnectedness of the conceptual apparatus of the criminal cycle sciences: criminal, criminal procedural, labor law, criminology, forensics based on the methods of differentiation and integration. The differentiation method allows you to subdivide the corresponding amount of knowledge into certain groups and consider them as independent sciences; integration method – reveals the processes of convergence, and interaction of sciences, their interpenetration at the level of individual elements of their conceptual apparatuses of these sciences, legal categories, concepts of legal terminology. The formulated provisions and proposals for the correlation and interconnection of the conceptual apparatus of the criminal cycle sciences are important both for the organization and conduct of scientific research in the specified sciences, as well as for solving practical issues in the field of combating crime, in particular in law-making and law enforcement activities. The decisive dominant in this activity and the main goal here should be to achieve the coherence and consistency of the conceptual apparatus of the criminal cycle sciences - their categories, concepts and legal terminology, especially in situations where one branch of knowledge (science) uses certain elements of the conceptual apparatus of another. In such cases, the relevant categories of concepts and terms belonging to the class of "interdisciplinary" should be interpreted in the above cases on the basis of the above-mentioned scientific principles. On this basis, we consider it inadmissible to differently define and interpret the same categories, concepts and legal terms used in related (related), but still different sciences of the criminal cycle, and belong to the class of "interdisciplinary". Crucial in this case is their interpretation in criminal law. This is of particular importance in the sciences to which the subject matter (as their normative-legal basis) is relevant branches of law: criminal, criminal-procedural, criminal executive. These legislative systems must be clearly coordinated and their conceptual apparatus logically consistent, contradictions and different interpretations of the same categories, concepts and terms in these different (but related) branches of law are inadmissible. ; В статье исследуются вопросы соотношения и взаимосвязи понятийных аппаратов наук криминального цикла: уголовного, уголовного процессуального, исправительно-трудового права, криминологии, криминалистики базирующиеся на методах дифференциации и интеграции. Метод дифференциации позволяет подразделять соответствующий объем знания на определенные группы и рассматривать их как самостоятельные науки; метод интеграции выявляет процессы сближения и взаимодействия наук, их взаимопроникновения на уровне отдельных элементов понятийных аппаратов этих наук: правовых категорий, понятий юридической терминологии. Выделяется класс «междисциплинарных» категорий, понятий и терминов, которые являются предметом науки уголовного права и используются всеми науками криминального цикла. Предлагается их трактовать в научных исследованиях, в правотворчестве и правоприменении во всех случаях исходя из содержания и объема, которые вкладывает в них наука уголовного права. Иные категории, понятия и термины, которые выступают предметом других наук криминального цикла, должны рассматриваться во всех случаях исходя из их трактовки в науках, предметом разработки которых они являются. ; Розглянуто питання співвідношення і взаємозв'язку понятійних апаратів наук кримінального циклу: кримінального, кримінального процесуального, кримінального виконавчого права, кримінології, криміналістики, що базуються на методах диференціації й інтеграції наук. Метод диференціації дозволяє поділяти відповідні галузі знань на певні групи і розглядати їх як самостійні науки; метод інтеграції висвітлює процеси зближення і взаємодії наук, їх взаємопроникнення на рівні окремих елементів понятійних апаратів: правових категорій, понять юридичної термінології. Виокремлюється клас «міждисциплінарних» категорій понять і термінів, які є предметом науки кримінального права й використовуються всіма науками кримінального циклу. Запропоновано їх трактувати в усіх випадках виходячи зі змісту і обсягу, які вкладає в них наука кримінального права. Інші категорії, поняття і терміни, що є предметом прикладних наук кримінального циклу, мають розглядатися в усіх випадках їх використання з огляду на трактування наукою, що їх розробляє.

The article analyzes some approaches of EU governing bodies, politicians and experts regarding the prospects of European identity formation in the general context of integration processes. In particular, the requirements of the Copenhagen Declaration (1973), the Europe for Citizens Program approved by the Council of the European Union for the period up to 2020. A lot of attention has been paid to historical memory as a pivotal basis for the formation of cultural identity, especially the condemnation of totalitarian communist and Nazi regimes, as outlined in the European Parliament resolutions of 2 April 2009 and 17 September 2019 insufficient objectivity in evaluating the entire spectrum of past events. At the same time, we criticize this approach for its one-sidedness and lack of objectivity in evaluating the full spectrum of past events. It was noted that the opportunities for expanding and deepening the European public sphere are not fully used to strengthen European identity, especially in view of the development of European content in the media and the powerful commercialization of the media market. Significant potential lies in enhancing the dynamics of cross-border cooperation, providing a new impetus to labor mobility and enhancing interstate student exchange, as evidenced by statistics and sociological researches. At the same time, there is a weak competitiveness of European universities compared to American universities. They have high difference in terms of their integration into the global, their level of funding and so on. The development of territorial communities, together with the improvement of direct interaction between regions and the supranational community, the promotion of EU symbols (flag, anthem, common holidays and even a common currency) requires rethinking. Thus, it is concluded that Euroscepticism is a natural reaction to the European integration processes, general rhetorical stereotypes of argumentation of EU supporters and simplified models of preparation and decision making in the governing bodies of the Union. The accelerated dynamics of the realization of the ideal of "post-national citizenship" in today's realities is unrealistic and undesirable. ; У статті аналізуються деякі підходи керівних органів ЄС, політиків та експертів стосовно перспектив формування європейської ідентичності у загальному контексті інтеграційних процесів. Зокрема, предметом розгляду постали вимоги Копенгагської декларації (1973 р.), програми "Європа для громадян" затверджена Радою Європейського Союзу на період до 2020 р. Значна увага приділена історичної пам'яті як стрижневої основи формування культурної ідентичності, особливо питанням засудження тоталітарних комуністичного та нацистського режимів, що викладені в резолюціях Європейського парламенту від 2 квітня 2009 р. та 17 вересня 2019 р. Водночас ми піддаємо критиці такий підхід за однобічність і недостатню об'єктивність в оцінках всього спектру минулих подій. Зазначено, що не повною мірою в цілях зміцнення європейської ідентичності використовуються можливості поширення та поглиблення європейської публічної сфери, особливо з огляду на розвиток європейського контенту в мас-медіа та потужної комерціалізації медійного ринку. Значний потенціал знаходиться у підвищенні динаміки крос-кордонного співробітництва, надання нового імпульсу мобільності робочої сили та посиленню міждержавного обмін студентами, про що свідчать статистичні дані та соціологічні дослідження. Водночас відмічається слабка конкурентоспроможність європейських університетів у порівнянні з американськими, їх високе розшарування за інтегрованістю до світового простору освіти, рівнем фінансування тощо. Переосмислення вимагає політика розвитку територіальних громад разом з покращанням прямої взаємодії регіонів та наднаціональної спільноти, популяризацією символів ЄС (прапор, гімн, спільні свята і навіть спільна валюта). Відтак робиться висновок, що євроскептицизм є закономірною реакцією на євроінтеграційні процеси, загальні риторичні стереотипи аргументації прихильників ЄС та спрощені моделі підготовки та прийняття рішень в керівних органах Союзу. Пришвидшена динаміка реалізації ідеалу «постнаніонального громадянства» за умов сучасних реалій є нереалістичною і небажаною.

In Chilean and Latin-American academic labour debates, since the middle of the last decade, the idea of a union's revitalization and the irruption of a "new unionism" has emerged with strength. Particularly this last concept acquires multiple meanings, having been used to refer diverse empirical manifestations. Despite this, the analyzes, at least in Chile, share high expectations regarding such phenomenon, given their involvement in struggles for social justice beyond work, support for leftist and progressive political projects, the use of methods of disruptive action, its forms of democratic organization, its mostly youth composition and its alliances with other social movements.Synthesizing the theories of power resources, union revitalization, labor precariousness and those of the Marxist work process, this work looks forward to offer and prove empirically an analytical framework to analyze both new mentioned expressions of "new unionism" as well as its old forms, in order to overcome this and other generic and ahistorical typologies. The offered frame characterises the union varieties starting from its strategies and resources of power that workers mobilize in them. This, especially taking into account the different degree of performance of the strategies and resources enjoyed by workers and workers depending on their position at work. The empirical test is carried out through the multicase study of three processes of union organization in the economic sectors of retail and of salaried domestic work. Specifically, 20 semi-structured interviews were analysed, a participant observation along more than one year was made with one of the unions, as well as press revision, documents of one of the companies, collective and individual contracts, web pages of the organizations and scientific productions that have addressed this issues. ; En los debates académicos chilenos y latinoamericanos sobre el trabajo, desde mediados de la década pasada, ha emergido con fuerza la idea de una revitalización sindical y la irrupción de un "nuevo sindicalismo". En particular este último concepto adquiere múltiples acepciones, habiéndoselo usado para referir a diferentes manifestaciones empíricas. A pesar de ello, los análisis, al menos en Chile, comparten altas expectativas frente a tal fenómeno, dado su involucramiento en luchas por la justicia social más allá del trabajo, el apoyo a proyectos políticos de izquierda y progresistas, el uso de métodos de acción disruptivos, sus formas de organización democráticas, su composición mayoritariamente juvenil y sus alianzas con otros movimientos sociales. Sintetizando las teorías de los recursos de poder, de la revitalización sindical, de la precariedad laboral y las del proceso de trabajo marxista, se buscará proponer y probar empíricamente un marco analítico para analizar tanto las mencionadas expresiones del "nuevo sindicalismo" como sus viejas formas, en pos de superar esta y otras genéricas y ahistóricas tipologías. El marco propuesto caracteriza las variedades sindicales a partir de sus estrategias y de los recursos de poder que los trabajadores movilizan en ellas. Ello, atendiendo especialmente al diferente grado de rendimiento de las estrategias y recursos de que gozan obreros y obreras dependiendo de su posición en el trabajo. La prueba empírica se realiza mediante el estudio multicaso de tres procesos de organización sindical en los sectores económicos del retail y del trabajo doméstico asalariado. En específico, se analizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas, se realizó una observación participante durante más de un año con uno de los sindicatos, así como revisión de prensa, documentos de una de las empresas, contratos colectivos e individuales, páginas webs de las organizaciones y producciones científicas que han estudiado estos casos.

El artículo trata sobre las Cartas inéditas enviadas por la escritora chilena Flora Abasolo al filósofo vasco Miguel de Unamuno. Se da cuenta, primero, de la producción literaria de la escritora dado el evidente desconocimiento que de ella existe dentro del ámbito intelectual nacional. Luego se hace referencia a las Cartas en tanto forman parte de la iniciativa comunicacional y editorial emprendida por Flora en pro del reconocimiento del nombre de su padre, el filósofo Jenaro Abasolo, y de su obra póstuma, La personalidad política y la América del porvenir (1907). Conforme a esto, se explicita el contexto de las Cartas, sus fechas, número y finalidad, y se lleva a cabo una hermenéutica crítica de parte de su contenido con el objetivo de incorporar nuevos antecedentes biográficos y literarios de la escritora y de su progenitor. Se indaga, a su vez, en las razones que pudo tener Unamuno para dejar incumplido el compromiso de reseñar la obra de Abasolo, atendiendo a las circunstancias, a las estrategias seguidas por Flora y a su talante, diferente al de su padre en la búsqueda de reconocimiento. Este trabajo es parte de una investigación mayor que venimos desarrollando desde el año 2008 sobre Abasolo. Sumamos las Cartas a esta labor como un nuevo documento que sobrepasa las expectativas respecto del valor que tienen para la reconstrucción de la vida y obra del filósofo santiaguino, y para la evaluación que de la misma escritora chilena se pueda hacer. Destacamos por tanto la conveniencia de incorporar a las investigaciones de la filosofía en Chile esta clase de documentos que evitan, más allá de su inicial apariencia intrascendente, recorrer caminos que hay que desandar cuando el peso de la evidencia documental vuelve erróneo parte de lo que la especulación sin antecedentes había establecido. ; The article addresses the unpublished letters sent by the Chilean writer Flora Abasolo to the Basque philosopher Miguel de Unamuno. First, it accounts for the literary production of the writer, given the evident ignorance that exists of her within the national intellectual scope. Then, it makes reference to the letters as they are part of the communication and editorial initiative undertaken by Flora in favor of the recognition of her father's name, the philosopher Jenaro Abasolo, and of his posthumous work, The Political Personality and the America of the Future (1907). Accordingly, the context of the letters is made explicit: their dates, number and purpose; and a critical hermeneutics of part of their content is carried out with the aim of incorporating new biographical and literary backgrounds of the writer and her progenitor. It inquires, in turn, the reasons that Unamuno could have had to leave unfulfilled the commitment to review Abasolo's work, heeding the circumstances, the strategies followed by Flora and her frame of mind, different from her father's in the search for recognition. This work is part of a larger research that we have been developing since 2008 on Abasolo. We add the letters to this task as a new document that surpasses the expectations regarding the value that they have for the reconstruction of the life and work of the philosopher from Santiago, and for the evaluation that can be done of the Chilean writer herself. We emphasize, therefore, the convenience of incorporating to the investigations of the philosophy in Chile this class of documents that avoid, beyond its initial inconsequential appearance, to travel paths that must be retraced when the weight of the documentary evidence turns erroneous a part of what speculation had established without background.

Using the lens of transnational social fields of migration, this thesis examines and scrutinizes motivations, adaptations, transnational practices, and the lived experiences of Ethiopian migrants in Turkey and returnees in Ethiopia. The present day Ethiopian migration to Turkey is intricately associated with the broader domains of transnationalism such as economic, social, cultural, political fields, as well as historical processes in which Ethiopian migrants engaged in their daily activities. The thesis empirically and theoretically examines a fundamental and salient research question: how do Ethiopians, as individuals and group, perceive, act, and interact in the transnational social fields (most often unequally distributed) while living in Turkey and after returning home? The thesis is carried out based on the existing knowledge of socio-cultural anthropology of migration, multi-sited ethnographic research and qualitative approach. Tools such as participant observation and a variety of interviews were employed to collect data from a group of Ethiopian educatıon and labor migrants living in Turkey (Ankara and Istanbul) and returnees in Ethiopia (Addis Ababa). The research findings reveal that Ethiopians in Turkey maintained two ways of connection: adaptation/integration to the Turkish society and transnational attachment to homeland but with different level of adaptation, and transnational experiences & practices. The social fields in which Ethiopians engaged in transnational practices, the fields that they constructed, reconstructed, and maintained between host and home countries are unequally distributed as they do not have the same experiences, capacity, skills, opportunities, and legality to play. As Ethiopians moved to Turkey with varying motivations and aims, they did so return home with varying motivations, transnational experiences and capital. Returnees, adding new ones, maintained transnational practices that they created while living in Turkey, and with the capital and experiences they accumulated in Turkey and brought with them, they acted as agents of social change in their homeland. ; Bu tez, ulusötesi göç alanlarının merceğinden, Turkiye'deki Etiyopyalı göçmenlerin motivasyonları, uyarlamaları ve ulusötesi uygulamaları Türkiye'de ve kendi memleketlerine döndükten sonraki yaşam deneyimlerini bütün boyutlarıyla inceleyip değerlendirmektedir. Günümüzde Etiyopya'dan Türkiye'ye göç, Etiyopyalı göçmenlerin günlük faaliyetlerinde bulundukları tarihsel süreçlerin yanı sıra ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve politik alanlar gibi ulusötesiliğin daha geniş alanları ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma bu bağlamlardaki bulguları ortaya koymaktadır Tez, ampirik ve teorik olarak şu temel araştırma sorusunu incelemektedir. Türkiye'de Etiyopyalı göçmenler arasında ulusötesi sosyal alanlar hangi unsurlardan oluşmakta; birey ve grup olarak, Etiyopyalılar, bu sosyal alanlarda da nasıl hareket etmekte ve etkileşmektedir? Sosyo-kültürel antropolojide göç, çokmekânlı etnografik araştırmaların birikimine ve niteliksel yaklaşıma dayanarak, Etiyopyalı göçmenlerin ulusötesi etkileşimleri, ilişkileri ve onların Türkiye'deki yaşanmış deneyimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Tez, mevcut sosyo-kültürel göç antropolojisi, çokmekânlı etnografik araştırma ve nitel yaklaşım bilgisine dayanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Türkiye'de yaşayan (Ankara ve İstanbul) bir grup Etiyopyalı eğitim ve işçi göçmenleri ve Etiyopya'ya (Addis Ababa) geri dönen göçmenlerle katılımcı gözlem ve çeşitli görüşme gibi araçlarla toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, Türkiye'deki Etiyopyalı göçmenlerin iki şekilde bağlantı kurduğunu ortaya koymaktadır: Türk toplumuna uyum / entegrasyon ve ulusötesi bağlantı, fakat uyumluluk ve ulusötesi uygulamaların derecesi bireyden bireye farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Etiyopyalıların ulusötesi pratikleri gerçekleştirdikleri sosyal alanlar, göçmenlerin göçmen alan ve gönderen ülkeler arasında sürdürdükleri ve sürekli yeniden inşa ettikleri bu alanlar eşitsiz olarak dağıtılmıştır çünkü Etiyopyalı göçmenler aynı deneyimlere, kapasiteye, beceriye, fırsatlara ve yasallığa sahip değildir. Bu tez, genel olarak, Etiyopyalıların farklı motivasyon ve hedeflerle Türkiye'ye göç ettiklerini ve edindikleri bu farklı deneyim ve sermaye birikimi ile ülkelerine döndüklerini göstermektedir. Yerine her geçen gün yenileri eklenirken geri dönenler, Türkiye'de yaşarken edindikleri ulusötesi pratikleri sürdürmekte; Türkiye'de biriktirerek getirdikleri sosyal ve kültürel sermaye ve tecrübeleriyle anavatanlarında sosyal değişimin failleri olarak eylemektedirler.

Debido a la incertidumbre que genera la no uniformidad de decisiones judiciales por parte del Consejo de Estado, Sección Segunda B, como por la Corte Constitucional, Sección Tercera y Sección Segunda, Subsección A en relación con la motivación de actos discrecionales de retiro de empleados que desarrollan labores relacionadas con la seguridad del Estado se genera la inseguridad jurídica y falta de confianza legitima en los asociados. Por tal razón, se presenta como pregunta de investigación: ¿En virtud del proceso de constitucionalización del derecho administrativo es necesario motivar los actos de retiro en los cargos que pertenecen a los servicios de seguridad del Estado? Se parte de la necesidad de la motivación de los actos administrativos de desvinculación del cargo de los servidores públicos que prestan funciones directamente relacionadas con la seguridad del Estado, esto es Fuerzas Militares, Policía Nacional e INPEC, debido a que (i) se sustenta constitucionalmente en el articulo 29 superior, que en virtud a la constitucionalización del derecho materializa el Estado Social De Derecho (ii) La disparidad de decisiones adoptadas por la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado, generan un ambiente de falta de certeza a los asociados. Se concluyo que, la divergencia de posturas entre el Consejo de Estado y la Corte Constitucional genera diferencia de trato para los asociados, lo cual afecta otros derechos fundamentales como la igualdad, acceso efectivo a la administración de justicia, confianza legítima, coherencia sistémica y la seguridad jurídica debido a que los asociados no pueden recibir un trato diverso según el juez natural del reposo, además de desconocer los artículos 25.2 y 25. 2 de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos( Corte Constitucional, T- 251, 2009). En consecuencia, sobre la motivación como materialización de un control social y jurisdiccional de acto administrativo, se debe entender que los nominadores al expedir un acto inmotivado, no solamente desconocen las garantías mínimas procesales de los administradores, sin además desconocen su acto. ; The second section, subsection B, such as the Constitucional Court, the Third Section, Subjection A in relation to the motivation bof the discretionary acts of withdrawal from service of employees who work related to the security of the state insecurity legal and lack of legitimate trust in associates. Why is it present as a research question? By virtue of the process of constitutionalization of administrative law is it necessary to motivate withdrawal acts in the positions that belong to the State security services? This is one of the Military Forces, National Police and INPEC, because (i) it is constitutionally supported in the Article 29 above, which by virtue of th constitutionalization of the rigth materializes the Social State Of Law (ii) The disparity of decisions adopted by the Constitutional Court and the Council of State, generate an atmosphere of certainty to the associates. It was concluded that the divergence of positions between the Council of State and the Constitutional Court genres of difference of treatment for the associates, which refers to the equality of rights, the legitimate, the systemic coherence and legal certainty because the associates cannot receive diverse treatment according to the natural judge of the process, in addition to articles 25.2 and 25. 2 of the American Convention of Human Rights (Constitutional Court, T-251, 2009). In this senese, regarding the motivation as materialization of a social and jurisdictional control of administrative act, it is understood as the nominators in the unmotivated act, not only the minimum procedural guarantees of the administrators, are unknown, but their act is also unknown. ; CRAI-USTA Tunja

This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence of social assistance on the number of poor people in Indonesia. There is a control variable as a comparison, namely; the number of people who work alone and work as laborers, central government debt and economic growth. The research method uses a quantitative approach with non-parametric statistics with annual data (2007-2017) and elasticity is used to measure the amount of change in the number of poor people due to additional social assistance. Pearson Moment Product and Rank Spearman correlation test to examine the relationship of each variable (number of people who work alone and work as laborers, central government debt and economic growth) to the number of poverty in Indonesia. The results of non-parametric statistics show that there is a very strong relationship between social assistance (National Health Insurance-Benefit Beneficiary Recipients (JKN-PBI) and Prosperous Rice (Rastra), and strong (Family Hope Program (PKH)) for the number of poor people. negative indicates that social assistance can significantly reduce the amount of poverty, with the strongest impact being the PBI program.There is a strong relationship between debt and working as a laborer on the number of poor people. The slowdown in economic growth is proven to be unrelated to the number of poor people. the biggest decrease in the number of poor people is the JKN-PBI program (-0.16), Rastra (-0.15) and PKH (-0.06). The additional employment as laborers has the highest effectiveness level of -0, 34. Government debt is needed to reduce the number of poor people by -0.16, which means that in the middle of declining oak On the other hand, the amount of poverty in Indonesia can be reduced through social assistance programs, the creation of jobs as laborers and government debt allocated to productive activities and economic activities that directly affect the poor and vulnerable to poverty. Keywords: Social assistance programs, Economics growth, Debt, Poverty, Laborers, Effectiveness Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan dan pengaruh bantuan sosial terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia. Terdapat variabel kontrol sebagai pembanding yaitu; jumlah orang yang bekerja sendiri dan bekerja sebagai buruh, utang pemerintah pusat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan statistik non-parametrik, data tahunan (2007-2017) dan elastisitas digunakan untuk mengukur besaran perubahan jumlah penduduk miskin akibat tambahan bantuan sosial. Uji korelasi Pearson Moment Product dan Rank Spearman untuk menguji hubungan masing-masing variabel (jumlah orang yang bekerja sendiri dan bekerja sebagai buruh, utang pemerintah pusat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi) terhadap jumlah kemiskinan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara bantuan sosial (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-Penerima Bantuan Iuran (JKN-PBI) dan Beras Sejahtera (Rastra), dan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin. Tanda negatif menunjukkan bantuan sosial dapat menurunkan jumlah kemiskinan secara signifikan, dengan dampak terkuat adalah program PBI. Terdapat hubungan kuat antara hutang dan bekerja sebagai buruh terhadap jumlah penduduk miskin. Perlambatan pertumbuhan ekonomi terbukti tidak berhubungan dengan jumlah penduduk miskin. Hasil perhitungan elastisitas menunjukkan efektifitas bantuan sosial terhadap penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin paling besar adalah program JKN-PBI (-0,16), Rastra (-0,15) dan PKH (-0,06). Tambahan lapangan kerja sebagai buruh memiliki tingkat efektifitas yang paling tinggi sebesar -0,34. Hutang pemerintah dibutuhkan untuk menekan jumlah penduduk miskin sebesar -0,16. Artinya, di tengah perlambatan ekonomi, jumlah kemiskinan di Indonesia dapat ditekan melalui program bantuan sosial, penciptaan lapangan kerja sebagai buruh dan hutang pemerintah dialokasikan untuk kegiatan produktif dan kegiatan ekonomi yang berdampak langsung kepada penduduk miskin dan rentan miskin.

Nuestra era ve su explosión de conocimientos enmarcada en tecnologías de escala impresionante y la expansión de un sistema de poder globalizado. Las promesas iniciales hechas para la revolución digital - que la tecnología apuntalaría un movimiento hacia futuros más igualitarios y democráticos en los que la emancipación humana de las cargas del trabajo servil y el acceso diferenciado era inminente - han demostrado ser prematuras, si no falsas. En el presente documento se examinan los procesos y factores que configuran el aprendizaje globalizado a medida que negocia su camino entre la tecnología y las necesidades de los diversos individuos y comunidades que constituyen este mundo en evolución. La globalización abre posibilidades reales de aprendizaje transformador, en el que el conocimiento crece exponencialmente sin las limitaciones de los planes de estudio nacionales o los intereses creados. El carácter contradictorio de la globalización esboza los desafíos para la educación y el aprendizaje si se quiere dar sentido al orden social planetario emergente. La naturaleza de la crisis sistémica significa que los sistemas educativos tendrán que centrarse cada vez más en proporcionar competencias y aptitudes para promover la adaptabilidad y la creatividad, convirtiendo así la crisis en un trampolín para nuevas direcciones. Las estructuras de educación y aprendizaje tendrán que estar cada vez más conformadas por valores y visión en cuanto a la mejor manera de asegurar el desarrollo humano de manera que enriquezca a todos los interesados. La interacción entre la tecnología y la globalización crea nuevos retos pero también nuevas oportunidades. El omnipresente proceso de globalización significa que la política y la estrategia deben vincularse a un análisis internacional paralelo sobre la forma en que las nuevas formas de diversidad cultural repercuten en las necesidades de aprendizaje de las poblaciones sometidas a niveles de cambio sin precedentes. La eliminación de las barreras a la participación y el fortalecimiento de los enfoques de igualdad incorporados consistirán, a fin de cuentas, en la afirmación de una visión estratégica de las políticas. ; Our era sees its knowledge explosion enmeshed with technologies of breathtaking scale and the expansion of a system of globalized power. Initial promises made for the digital revolution - that technology would underpin a move towards more equal and democratic futures where human emancipation from burdens of menial labor and differentiated access was imminent – have proven premature, if not false. This paper examines processes and factors shaping globalized learning as it negotiates its way between technology and needs of the diverse individuals and communities who constitute this changing world. Globalization opens up real possibilities for transformative learning, where knowledge exponentially grows without constraints of national curricula or vested self-interest. The contradictory nature of globalization outlines the challenges for education and learning if sense is to be made of the emerging planetary social order. The nature of systemic crisis means that education systems will need to focus ever more intently on providing competence and skills to promote adaptability and creativity, thus turning crisis into a springboard for new directions. Education and learning structures will need increasingly to be shaped by values and vision as to the best way to secure human development in a way than enriches all stakeholders. The interaction between technology and globalization creates new challenges but also new opportunities. The pervasive globalizing process means policy and strategy need to be linked to parallel international analysis on how new forms of cultural diversity impact on learning needs of populations subjected to unprecedented levels of change. The removal of barriers to participation and the enhancement of embedded equality approaches will, at the end of the day, be about asserting strategic policy vision.

The Master's thesis will deal with the question of which factors contributed to Daimler AG choosing Stuttgart and Bangalore as its locations. In this context, the question arises as to whether every company can settle anywhere with efficient effects. To answer this question, it is crucial to weigh up the location factors. Since not every company comes from the same industry, the needs are designed individually in relation to the location factors. A distinction is made between measurable and subjectively perceived location factors. In addition, utility value analyses are carried out, so that the company can make an initial efficient investment decision with its choice of location. As has already been pointed out, utility analyses are nothing more than an extended form of Alfred Weber's theory. Alfred Weber was the first in 1909 to try to find an optimal location for a company. According to Weber, a location is only favorable if it permits cost-effective production. The main location factors he examined were transport costs, labor costs and agglomeration advantages. Although this theory cannot be realistically implemented today, it is still used and expanded as a guideline. In return, the choice of location is compared using the "modern models" of e.g. Krugman and Romer. These models examine the creation of sustainable global growth. Finally, the factors within two different countries (Daimler AG) are also investigated using certain methods and models. The choice of a location requires a high use of resources through investments in assets and is therefore not only a complex long process, but also a long-term decision that cannot be reversed without significant costs. In addition, companies with the right choice of location intend to increase and secure their international competitiveness and competitive advantages. When it comes to setting up business in Bangalore, it can essentially be said that the hard location factors of "politics" and "culture" play a special role. How international competitiveness has developed in Stuttgart and Bangalore and which other factors are relevant will be presented in the course of the Master's thesis. ; Bu tez kapsamında, Alman otomobil endüstrisinde ileri gelen şirketlerden birisi olan Daimler AG'nin neden stratejik konum olarak Bangalore ve Stuttgart'ı seçtiği çalışmanın konusu olarak ele alınmıştır. Böylelikle, oluşan "Herhangi bir şirket herhangi bir konuma verimli bir şekilde yerleşebilir mi?" sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Bu bağlamda, dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalardan biri olarak konum faktörleri, büyük önem arz etmektedir. Birçok şirket farklı alanlarda faaliyet gösterdiklerinden dolayı kendilerine özgü konum faktörleri vardır. Bu faktörler ölçülebilir ve öznel olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, şirketler nezdinde yeni bir konuma yatırım yapılmasından önce, maliyet analizi yapmaları gerekmektedir. Maliyet analizi, ilk kez 1909 yılında Alfred Weber tarafından bir şirketin en uygun şekilde konumlandırılabilmesi için ele alınmıştır. Weber'e göre en iyi konum; taşımanın, iş gücünün ve yığılma ekonomilerinin en uygun olduğu yer olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Weber'in teorisi günümüz şartlarına göre uygun olmamasının yanı sıra birçok noktada tekrar uyarlanıp kullanılabilmektedir. Ayrıca, Krugman ve Romer'in teorisi olan "modern modeller", konum bulma konusunda kıyaslanmakta olup, bu modeller sürdürülebilir küresel büyümenin oluşumu açısından inceleme imkanı sağlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu faktörler çeşitli metotlar ve modeller aracılığı ile Daimler AG'nin iki ülkede bulunan konumları örneği üzerinden araştırılmaktadır. Yeni bir yer seçimi, varlıklara yatırım yapılarak yüksek miktarda öz kaynak kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu husustan dolayı, seçim süreci karmaşık olmasının yanı sıra geri dönünüşü olamayan bir karar aşaması olarak görülmektedir. Verilen kararlar ile şirketler hem uluslararası rekabet güçlerini hem de rekabet avantajlarını arttırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bilhassa Hindistan'da yerleşim için "siyaset" ve "kültür" çok büyük bir etken olarak görülmektedir. Tezin ilerleyen bölümlerinde ise Hindistan ve Stuttgart'taki uluslararası rekabet gücünün nasıl geliştiği ve hangi faktörlerin önem taşıdığı ele alınacaktır.

En el centro de Barranquilla es común encontrarse con indigentes deambulando por este sector convirtiéndose en una problemática social. Según la Secretaria Distrital de Gestión Social en el 2018 midió un incremento del 11% de indigentes en este sector con respecto a la población de 2017, aproximadamente 2300 personas que habitan en el centro de Barranquilla. Para solucionar este problema se realiza un Centro Integral de Atención Transitoria (CIAT) que cuenta con el apoyo económico y financiero del gobierno y fundaciones sociales, y busca solidarizarse con la comunidad, ayudar con el desarrollo de la región y la reinserción social y laboral de los indigentes que estén dispuestos a cambiar. El Centro brindara albergue por un mes, mientras los habitantes de calle se encuentren aquí se les prestaran servicios básicos de alimentación, asistencia médica y un lugar donde quedarse. Además, los indigentes podrán asistir a talleres y actividades recreativas, cursos de alfabetización, introducción a la reintegración y recibirán acompañamiento psicológico a lo largo de su estadía. El CIAT está compuesto por una edificación que contempla 3 pisos y 1 sótano, con capacidad de 496 personas, cuenta con biblioteca, salones donde se realizaran las formaciones y talleres y cubículos donde se prestaran los servicios de consultoría médica y acompañamiento psicológico. El proyecto cuenta con una zona verde para la integración y convivencia de los habitantes de calle, tendrá zonas de parqueo tanto para automóviles como para carretillas y motocicletas. Se presentaron limitaciones constructivas como el nivel freático alto que dificultó la construcción del sótano, la intervención y elevación del lote del proyecto y de la carrera 41 para trabajar como dique y estructura de contención de inundaciones debido a la cercanía de un arroyo que en épocas de lluvia se rebosa y afecta las áreas cercanas. ; In the center of Barranquilla, is common to find indigents wandering through this sector becoming a social problem. According to the District Department of Social Management in 2018, measured an increase of 11% of the indigent in this sector with respect to the population of 2017, approximately 2,300 people living in the center of Barranquilla. To solve this problem, an Integral Center for Transitional Care (ICTC) is carried out, with the financial support of the government and social foundations and, seeks to show solidarity with the community, help with the development of the region and, the social and labor reintegration of the destitute who are willing to change. The Center will provide shelter for a month, while street dwellers are here, they will be provided with basic food services, medical assistance and a place to stay. In addition, the destitute may attend workshops and recreational activities, literacy courses, introduction to reintegration and receive psychological support throughout their stay. The ICTC is composed of a building that includes 3 floors and 1 basement, with a capacity of 496 people, has a library, rooms where training and workshops will be held and cubicles where medical consultancy and psychological support services will be provided. The project has a green area for the integration and coexistence of street dwellers and, will have parking areas for cars, wheelbarrows and motorcycles. Constructive limitations were presented, such as the high phreatic level, which made the construction of the basement difficult, the intervention and elevation of the race 41 and the project lot to work as a dam and flood containment structure due to the proximity of a stream that in times of rain overflows and affects nearby areas.

Walks, mappings, and interviews show that the activities in younger industrial zones in Denmark are much more complex than the mono-functional enclaves planned. The areas represent a legacy of the functionalistic paradigm, which creates the morphology of the urban landscape built from the 1950's onwards but is not considered a part of the cultural aesthetic understanding of the city. The current transformation is rooted in social, political and economic dynamics, difficult to predict, often shaped on a global level, yet with a strong local impact. The mappings are inspired by the five objectives developed by Tom Nielsen, Thomas Clemmensen, and Morten Daugaard in the article: Qualifying urban Landscapes (2010): Appropriation, cohabitation, diversity, connectivity, and porosity. They are conducted in three different urban situations and reveal the areas different qualities and a diversity of people, activities, biodiversity and local entrepreneurship that may not be seen at first glance and would be difficult to find space for elsewhere. The idea is that portraying the actual situation of the areas and qualities are a crucial asset in this transformation process. It also focuses on dynamics between the actors (human and non-human) and the possibility of creating collaborations between the actors with a focus on future urban common qualities. This can be a way to address uncertainty and open the opportunity of the areas to become an important asset in the future biodiversity, experiences of nature and economies of towns, the labor market, innovation, and civilian diversity. The poster develops a deeper understanding of one of the preliminary findings. The one that these areas seem to give spaces for new kinds of urban entrepreneurship and experiments. Awareness of this capacity addresses the question of how to plan for these areas in the future. The finding is learned through three case studies in different urban situations. They are discovered through site-walks, mappings, and interviews. These data show that the area's activities are much more complex than just traditional production. The registered activities are diverse and include e.g. dance projects, karate clubs, senior communities, yoga and massage, a used good marked, a fitness center and a local brewery. This kind of change of industrial areas from being areas of production to new kinds of neighborhoods is seen before. Often the changes are initiated by artists, and later the area goes through gentrification establishing it as a new stable area in the city. But unlike these former examples, the younger industrial areas have something else is at stake. It is not attracting artists or the creative class, but rather a wide range of local entrepreneurs with broad background and profile. Also, instead of being appreciated, these initiatives are often regarded by the planning authorities as mistakes and need dispensations from the regulations as the areas are designated for more traditional production. However, taking this position might miss that these areas have already changed and that they could be seen as a free zone for experiments for local citizens and entrepreneurs with everyday dreams. It is therefore not just relevant to create a portrait of the current actual situation, but also to discuss the conflicts between the qualities of the existent and the possibilities of the new. The arguments take the point of departure in Michel Foucault's notion of heterotopia and the notion of porosity developed by Paola Vigano and is supported with tests of different design strategies.