La República de Croacia inició en 2015 un proyecto piloto denominado e-Škole que incluía entre sus objetivos desarrollar un modelo de escuelas «digitalmente maduras», de manera que las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) ocuparan un lugar destacado en todas las etapas educativas, siendo incorporadas al curriculum y que tanto estudiantes como profesorado mejoraran sus competencias digitales. Dicho proyecto se materializó en el programa experimental de reforma curricular "Škola za život", cuya implementación está prevista que culmine este mismo año 2020. Dada la naturaleza de esta iniciativa innovadora que se encuentra, durante su desarrollo, con una crisis sanitaria provocada por la pandemia del COVID19, se convierte en estos momentos en una reforma especialmente significativa y oportuna. Sin embargo, el aula y los centros educativos, habitualmente testigos de cualquier transformación, han sido sustituidos por un escenario completamente distinto: el hogar y el entorno familiar. En este nuevo contexto se deben aplicar actualmente muchos de los propósitos que dieron lugar a la creación de la reforma y la promovieron. Entre sus retos estaba desarrollar un cambio integral en la forma de impartir conocimientos y en su aprendizaje, centrado en las tecnologías. Actualmente los ordenadores y tabletas, junto a otros recursos tecnológicos, han sido los principales medios para su aplicación. Ante esta realidad, el Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación croata ha publicado diversos Informes en los que se ofrecen directrices, normas específicas y diversas pautas que deben seguir los docentes, directores de centro, familias y también los estudiantes para alcanzar un modelo común de aprendizaje on-line eficaz. Tomando en consideración ambas circunstancias, una reforma en curso y la necesidad de establecer un nuevo modelo de formación virtual por circunstancias sobrevenidas, analizamos en este artículo los Informes gubernamentales publicados para facilitar este tránsito en los que se refleja el valor de los recursos tecnológicos, que identifican ampliamente su reforma curricular. ; The Republic of Croatia initiated in 2015 a pilot project named e-School that included, among its aims, the development of a model of "digitally mature" schools, so that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have a relevant place at all educational levels and are incorporated into the curriculum with a view to improve the technological skills of both teachers and students alike. The implementation of this experimental project, which has been given the title of 'School for Life', is expected to be carried out this very year, 2020. Given the current situation that many education systems find themselves in as a result of the COVID19 pandemic, the project has proven to be a particularly timely and significant reform. However, classrooms and educational centres, that have normally been the witnesses of such transformations, have been replaced by a completely differ-ent scenario: i. e the home and family environment. It is in this new context in which many of the proposals the reform was created and promoted with must be applied today. Among its challenges was developing a comprehensive change in relation to teaching methods, with an increased empha-sis to be placed on technological resources. Nowadays, computers and tablets, together with other technological resources, have become the primary means for its application. Facing this reality, the Croatian Ministry of Science and Education has published several reports in which they pre-sent guidelines, specific rules and diverse patterns that may be followed by teachers, headmasters, families and also students, in order to achieve an effective online learning model. Considering both circumstances, a running reform and the need of establishing a new virtual education model due to unexpected circumstances, we analyse in this article reports published by the Croatian government outlining the facilitation of this transition in which the value of the technological resources with regard to curricular reform has been shown.
Last August of this year, the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, through the Law School, by initiative of the College of Professors of Criminal Law, in response to the suspension of academic activities, as a result of the pandemic that afflicts the world arising from the SARS-Cov2 virus, taking advantage of digital platforms available to people at this time as a tool to use to communicate at a distance, organized the First International Virtual Congress of Criminal Law. In this event, more than 130 academics from different Latin American Universities participated as speakers, who presented on topics of the criminal legal reality, both substantive and adjective, in the panels that were organized by themes that addressed different concepts in these specialties. The Congress was embellished by Magisterial Conferences issued by Masters Emeritus and Deans of the Faculty of Law of the UNAM and other law schools of invited countries.The importance of the Congress surprised the Academic Forum, almost twenty thousand people registered and approximately two million of them accessed the event that was transmitted and broadcast on social networks through the Facebook platform "Live streaming". From the approaches that were most emphasized in the presentations, the concern of the present article is born. Specifically, it highlights concerns about exercise, it highlights the concern about the arbitrary exercise of criminal law due to its punitive nature and the importance of limiting the excess in its application, respecting in general the human rights of individuals and, in particular, those recognized for the parties in the procedural rules, this in equity with the Fundamental Principles of the Prosecution Systems in the accusatory model, already adopted in practically all democratic countries in Latin America. This highlights the need for a new definition of preventive prison, conceived now as a precautionary measure and its intimate relation with the principle of the "Presumption of Innocence", in whose application there must be absolute communion, a necessary condition in order to have a profound and definitive vision in the protection of Human rights. Puede conocer los comentarios del autor/a sobre el artículo aquí:https://youtu.be/wIBwCxq31kk ; El pasado mes de agosto del presente año, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, a través de la Facultad de Derecho, por iniciativa del Colegio de Profesores de Derecho Penal, atendiendo a la suspensión de actividades académicas como consecuencia de la pandemia que aqueja al mundo derivado del virus SARS-Cov2, aprovechando las plataformas digitales al alcance de las personas en estos momentos tan socorridas como instrumentos de uso para comunicarnos a distancia, organizó el Primer Congreso Virtual Internacional de Derecho Penal.En este evento participaron más de 130 académicos de diferentes Universidades de Iberoamérica en calidad de ponentes, quienes expusieron sobre temas de la realidad jurídica penal, sustantiva y adjetiva, en las mesas que se organizaron por temáticas que abordaron diferentes conceptos de estas especialidades. El Congreso fue engalanado por Conferencias Magistrales emitidas por Maestros Eméritos y Decanos de la Facultad de Derecho de la UNAM y de otras escuelas de Derecho de países invitados. La trascendencia del Congreso sorprendió al Foro Académico, casi veinte mil personas inscritas y aproximadamente dos millones de ellas accedieron al evento que fue transmitido y difundido en redes sociales a través de la plataforma Facebook Live Streaming. De los planteamientos que más destacaron en las ponencias nace la inquietud del presente artículo. Específicamente resalta la preocupación al respecto del ejercicio arbitrario del derecho penal por su naturaleza punitiva y la importancia de limitar el exceso en su aplicación respetando en forma general los Derechos Humanos de las personas y de manera particular los reconocidos a las partes en las reglas procesales, esto en equidad con los Principios Fundamentales de los Sistemas de Enjuiciamiento en el modelo acusatorio, adoptados prácticamente ya en todos los países democráticos en América Latina. Puede conocer los comentarios del autor/a sobre el artículo aquí:https://youtu.be/wIBwCxq31kk
Аналізується мас-медіа як соціальний інститут, з'ясовується їх роль в умовах соціополітичних змін сучасного суспільства. Вивчено специфіку мас-медіа як самостійного соціального інституту в умовах глобалізації. Розглянута залежність масмедіа від великих корпорацій і державних структур і зворотна залежність людини від «віртуального» світу, яким його подають сучасні мас-медіа. Анализируется масс-медиа как социальный институт, выясняется их роль в условиях социополитических изменений современного общества. изучена специфика масс-медиа как самостоятельного социального института в условиях глобализации. Проанализирована зависимость масс-медиа от больших корпораций и государственных структур и обратная зависимость человека от «виртуального» мира, каким его представляют современные масс-медиа. ; In clause the analysis of Mass media as social institute is carried out, and their role in conditions of sociological changes of a modern society is determined. The authors examine specificity of Mass media as independent social institute in conditions globalization, their dependence on the large corporations and state structures, and also investigate influence on the man of the «virtual» world which create of modern Mass media. The urgency of study of social problems of Mass media, in opinion of the authors, is defined by necessity of a concrete definition of the essence of a phenomenon «social problems». The purpose of clause is the analysis of Mass media, as social institute, finding out of its role in conditions sociopoliticheskiy changes of a modern society. For this purpose it is necessary to answer the following questions: First, whether are of Mass media social institute and whether they are capable effectively function, taking into account them commercialization and not always present civil liability; Secondly, what became specificity of Mass media as independent social institute in conditions globalization, taking into account that we notice their dependence on the large corporations both state structures and return dependence of the man on the «virtual» world which create of modern Mass media. In the modern world of a means of the mass communications are characterized first of all by universal character. They carry in themselves the social information and will penetrate into all spheres of public system, assist not so much on preservation, development and transformation of society, and provide existence of the man, as social essence, and also certain measure alter human nature. Investigating problems of the mass communications, sociologists accenting the attention that by its object is a society as universal social system, which consists of social institutes and practice, and is carried out with the help of special means Mass media. The authors judge, that media space further will extend only. The danger represents not expansion of influence of Mass media, and opportunity monopolization of media space. Therefore for a reconstruction through mass media of an adequate reality, the free competition between them is necessary. Mass media has appeared together with a society. Any government was interested in distribution of news, convenient for it. And creativity of the poets, which glorified the governors it is possible safely as attribute to the piar-companies. Modern Mass media only have deepened this process, have made influence it on the man more massirovanyy. Marked modern contradictions of institute of Mass media are explained it dualistic nature, institucional'nyy mimicry, which, being beaten off in public consciousness especial in consciousness of the young people, results of their ambivalentnost values orientations, uncertainty of a social position, which can become the basis for the further researches of essence and role of institute of Mass media in soc. Proceeding from said before, it is possible to specify, that of modern Mass media, undoubtedly, is social institute taking into account inherent by them structure and functions in a societ. The marked characteristics inherent often in not revealed, not developed Mass media from time of their occurrence. The modern Mass media, which differ by growth of technical opportunities, move in a direction of replacement by themselves for the average citizen of the existing world. The best confirmation to this is psychological consequences of immersing in the Internet.
At present almost all the spheres of human life undergo the digitalization processes which are characterized by innovation, objectivity and necessity of the processes. In the context of the epoch of global changes, digitalization envisages the appearance of innovative decisions in various spheres of human activity: social, political, technological, scientific, educational, as well as in the branch of economy and logistics. In the combination process of virtual and real worlds a mixed world is created where Internet and updated reality dominate, and based on this total digitalization appears in all the spheres of life, including a branch of logistics. The formation and development of the innovation structure of a logistic system based on the use of new forms of the information technologies is an urgent requirement of the present-day time. Which is why, it is expedient to create such form of logistic activity which will comprise logistics principles and modern innovative forms of running a business. The introduction of current digital technologies in the logistic activity results in the changes of business-models and strategic planning; it improves the interaction among all the participants of the logistic process; it enhances the performance, and as a result it increases a competitive ability of logistic enterprises in the market.The purpose of the paper is to study the key aspects of the development of a logistic branch based on the use of information technologies and their integration into the work of logistic enterprises.In the course of the research, the integration of digitalization processes into the work of logistic enterprises was analyzed. The main logistic operations which require the application of innovative information technologies have been identified. The role and significance of network and cloud systems of the information storage for logistic enterprises were defined. It has been stated that the system of digitalization in the sphere of logistics can be presented in the form of a community formed on the use of digital platforms and their applications by developers, providers and users of logistic services, by the agents who have work experience in the logistic sphere and have competency acquired while using digital information technologies. It has been found out that a cloud information system in logistics is the result of the addition of some digital objects to a physical reality, usually presented as additional information, and a mixed reality results from it. It has been stated that the applied task of digitalization is to reduce time, labor, financial expenses connected with the search of data as well as IT-applications to form an optimal scheme of business partnership based on effective modeling of horizontal industrial-economic and trade-economic contacts among various organizations-participants of a logistic process. And finally, it has been stressed that it is advisable to create the form of logistic performance which comprises logistic principles and updated innovation forms of running a business. We believe that the foundation for these changes has to be the introduction of digitalization processes into the system of financial-economic performance. Due to the introduction of digitalization processes, the enterprises will improve the quality of their performance through the automation and optimization of working technologies; all this will make it possible to become more competitive in the market of logistic services. ; У статті досліджено ключові аспекти розвитку логістичної сфери на основі використання інформаційних технологій. Зазначено, що упровадження сучасних цифрових технологій у логістичну діяльність призводить до зміни бізнес-моделей і стратегічного планування; покращує взаємодію між усіма учасниками логістичного процесу; збільшує продуктивність діяльності і, як наслідок, підвищує конкурентоспроможність логістичних підприємств на ринку.У ході дослідження проаналізовано інтеграцію процесів цифровізації в роботу логістичних підприємств. Виокремлено основні логістичні операцій, які потребують упровадження інноваційних інформаційних технологій. Окреслено роль та значення мережевих та хмарних систем зберігання інформації для логістичних підприємств. Указано, що систему діджиталізації у сфері логістики можна представити у формі спільноти, сформованої на основі використання цифрових платформ і їх додатків, розробниками, надавачами та користувачами логістичних послуг, агентами, що мають досвід роботи в логістичній сфері та володіють компетенціями, набутими за допомогою використання цифрових інформаційних технологій. З'ясовано, що хмарна інформаційна система в логістиці є результатом додавання до фізичної реальності додаткових цифрових об'єктів, які зазвичай відображаються в якості допоміжної інформації, унаслідок чого формується змішана реальність.У підсумку зазначено, що необхідно створити таку форму логістичної діяльності, яка поєднуватиме у собі принципи логістики та сучасні інноваційні форми ведення бізнесу. Основою для таких змін, на нашу думку, має бути упровадження процесів діджиталізації в систему фінансово-господарської та економічної діяльності. На основі упровадження процесів діджиталізації, підприємства підвищать якість своєї діяльності шляхом автоматизації та оптимізації процесів роботи, що дасть їм змогу бути більш конкурентоспроможними на ринку логістичних послуг.
Resumo A pandemia causada pela Covid-19 causou mudanças na estrutura de ensino entre os estudantes e professores do curso de medicina. As atividades tiveram de ser adaptadas ao ensino de forma remota, cuja regulação tem sido estabelecida através de portarias estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC), exceto as aulas práticas em laboratório. Neste novo panorama, os professores necessitam de uma postura educacional inovadora, de estratégias educacionais diversificadas, de competências de comunicação, de capacidade de problematização da temática e de gerenciar a participação de todos os integrantes do grupo. Com base nisso, buscou-se avaliar a percepção dos docentes sobre as atividades remotas em medicina durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a maioria dos docentes se sentiu sobrecarregada, ansiosa ou depressiva, sendo que metade necessitou de suporte psicológico. Sobre a rotina de trabalho, a maioria dos docentes afirmou que seu tempo de preparo das aulas aumentou e existiu um impacto negativo sobre o trabalho com a mudança. As maiores dificuldades apontadas foram a interação com os estudantes, o tempo necessário para o planejamento das aulas, mudanças na dinâmica de trabalho, manejo dos recursos virtuais e plataformas de ensino e criatividade para elaborar atividades de ensino. Para os docentes entrevistados, esta nova realidade de ensino impactará, tanto de forma positiva quanto negativa, na prática médica dos futuros profissionais. Palavras-chave: Docentes. Covid-19. Educação Médica Abstract The pandemic caused by COVID-19 caused changes in the education structure among medicine school students and professors. The activities had to be adapted to remote teaching, whose regulation has been established through ordinances by the Ministry of Education (MEC), except for laboratory practices. In this new scenario, professors need an innovative educational posture, diversified educational strategies, communication skills, ability to discuss the subject, and manage the participation of all group members. Based on that , it was aimed to evaluate the professors' perception about remote activities in medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results found show that most of the professors felt overwhelmed, anxious or depressed, and half of them needed psychological support. About the work routine, most of the professors stated that their preparation time for classes increased and there was a negative impact about working with this change. The major difficulties pointed out were the interaction with students, the time needed to plan classes, changes in workplace dynamics, management of virtual resources, and teaching and creativity to develop teaching activities. For the professors'interviewees, this new reality of teaching will impact, both positively and negatively, the medical practice of future professionals. Keywords: Faculty. COVID-19. Medical Education.
The concept of the information society arose at the beginning of the industrial revolution and is defined as an automated society, which in its daily activities relies on information and communication technologies, on organizing data and turning them into useful information using a set of equipment and computers for the development of both society itself and economics, trade, education, healthcare, etc.In the information society, not only production will change, but also the whole way of life, the system of values, the importance of cultural leisure in relation to material values will increase. Compared with the industrial society, where everything is aimed at the production and consumption of goods, in the information society, intelligence and knowledge are produced and consumed, which leads to an increase in the share of mental labor. A person will need the ability to be creative; the demand for knowledge will increase.The directions and features of the formation of information and communication technologies inSyriaare considered. The six most important projects of the Syrian ministries on the development of the information society, as well as signs of the reality of this activity are shown.Government ministries inSyriaplay different and complementary roles that contribute to the development of the information society.The Syrian government has recently begun a movement towards creating an information society that can keep abreast of developments in the current era, and the Syrian government is making serious efforts to develop special policies for each ministry to move towards an information society. ; Понятие информационного общества возникло в начале промышленной революции и определяется как общество, которое в своей повседневной деятельности опирается на информационно-коммуникационные технологии, на упорядочение данных и превращение их в полезную информацию с помощью набора специальных средств оборудования и компьютеров в целях развития как самого общества, так и экономики, торговли, образования, здравоохранения и др. В статье рассмотрены направления и особенности становления информационно-коммуникационных технологий в Сирии. Освещена роль министерств страны (министерств связи, образования, внутренних дел, экономики и торговли, здравоохранения, культуры) в формировании информационного общества. Показаны шесть наиболее важных соответствующих проектов министерств Сирии, а также признаки их реализации. Отмечены важнейшие достижения сирийского правительства, которые способствуют становлению информационного общества, в их числе: создание в сирийских университетах факультетов информатики, вычислительной техники и автоматики; преподавание информатики в колледжах и школах; разработка проекта «Сирийская сеть высшего образования и исследований» (Syrian Higher Education & Research Network); открытие в 2002 г. Сирийского виртуального университета (Syrian Virtual University). Особое внимание обращено на негативные последствия войны, которая ведётся в Сирии с2011 г., перечислены основные потери, понесённые страной за годы войны. Подчёркнуто, что даже в военные годы сирийское правительство реализует проекты, нацеленные на поддержку информационного общества.
Atualmente, a Criptomoeda não apresenta nem nunca apresentou um papel preponderante na nossa sociedade, apesar de toda a especulação à sua volta que tem vindo a aumentar consistentemente ao longo dos anos. A evolução desta moeda deve-se a toda a realidade económica vivida nos últimos anos no mundo. A Criptomoeda surgiu em 2008, semanas depois do "crash" económico despontar, com um e-mail enviado por Satoshi Nakamoto apresentando um programa de computadores ofuscante, um algoritmo chamado Bitcoin (Varoufakis, 2019). Ao contrário de todas as outras moedas presentes na nossa sociedade, as criptomoedas apresentam um crescimento ao longo da última década, não perdeu valor com as presentes crises, muito devido ao fato de não serem controladas por nenhuma entidade central como governos ou bancos. Com a finalidade das moedas virtuais continuarem a ganhar importância no nosso mundo, é necessário que as empresas comecem a adotar esta inovação e a implementá-la na sua estrutura de negócio. Acompanhando esta ideia, é também necessário o consumidor final ter a mente aberta e entreajuda essencial para a implementação deste processo. O principal objetivo desta dissertação passa pela exposição do impacto que as criptomoedas têm e que poderão vir a ter no futuro para o nosso quotidiano, tendo em conta que foram identificadas várias potencialidades nesta inovação que poderão a vir melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas. ; Currently, cryptocurrency does not present and never has presented any preponderant role in our society, despite all the speculation it had around that has been consistently growing over the years. The evolution of this coin is due to the economic reality lived in the last years on the world. Cryptocurrency appeared in 2008, weeks after the economic crash emerge, with an email sent by Satoshi Nakamoto presenting a dazzling computer program, an algorithm called Bitcoin (Varoufakis, 2019). Unlike any other coin existent in our society, cryptocoins exhibit a growth throughout the last decade, it has not lost value with the current crises, mostly because they are not controlled by any central entity like governments or banks. With the goal to make virtual coins keep gaining more importance in our world, it is mandatory for companies to start adopting this innovation and to implement them in their business strategy. Following this, it is also needed for the final consumer to be open minded and have the necessary awareness to complete the implementation of this process. The main goal of this dissertation is to reveal the impact cryptocoins have now and may have in the future of our quotidian, taking into consideration that many potentials for the improvement of our life quality were identified in this innovation.
The study tested that cities are studied from different perspectives: from city-to-city links, structural elements of urban space to everyday practices of cities. Among the representatives of the scientific field, which made a significant contribution to the development of the theory of urban research is to highlight J. Bodriyar, P. Bourdieu, D. Becker, D. Jacobs, C. Lynch, A. Lefevra, M. Castells, D. Garvey, A. Scott, R. Pal, J. Fischer, H. Delitz and others. Moreover interesting and thorough are the scientific works of Ukrainian researchers – V. Sereda, M. Sobolevskaya, L. Males, Y. Soroka, D. Sudin, A. Petrenko-Lisak, A. Mikheeva, L. Nagorna, O. Musiyuzdov and a number of others. In this case, the methodological position of the researchers is relevant, which states that the symbolic space of the city is formed through the ability of visual objects to translate cultural and symbolic codes with the help of geometric, semantic and aesthetic characteristics. For example, in this work, one of the key terms is «architectural landscapes» with which it is possible to analyze the combination of spatial forms in the city with meaningful cultural and ideological content. It was recorded that the signs or symbolic markers can serve as architectural buildings, monuments, memorable signs, street names, informational and promotional posters, and so on. The main objects of research in the sociology of the study of architectural forms gradually became the phenomenon of buildings and structures, as well as the development of theoretical directions in architecture, the study of the place and role of space in sociology and cultural studies. As a result in the methodological space, along with the phenomenological, anthropological, and linguistic turns, the term «architectural turn» appears. From the point of view of the system theory, architecture is not seen as the main subject of research, namely communication on architecture. Accordingly, institutional theory in sociology considers architecture as an «institutional mechanism» that firmly asks individuals a certain social order and allows for the implementation of architectural ideas. On the other hand, at the same time, open questions remain regarding the meaningful content of the meanings contained in the objects of architecture. The postmodern direction, which reveals other aspects of the study of architectural forms, deserves special attention. Discreteness Architectural of social life, «decentralization of the subject», the decomposition of reality into actual and virtual, freedom and spontaneity as characteristics of the postmodern era are reflected and read in the architecture of postmodern. The architectural space of the city is considered by a number of domestic and foreign researchers in the context of symbolic interaction between power structures and actors through architectural constructions and design of a living environment.
This paper features the eyewitness accounts of some 10 victims of martial law in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Most of the eyewitnesses belong to the lower strata of the Philippine social structure. They are the nameless victims of a cruelty inflicted on a society that is interested mainly on the stories of the rich and famous, the good and the beautiful. Recorded history has always delineated the "inarticulate" (Constantino, 1975) to the background and denied them a space in the pages of history. This document aims to shine the spotlight on the "ugly" reality: stories of courage, strength, and the will to live with dignity during the martial law period. This paper also aims to show the millennial generation how the youth of the recent past lived, suffered, fought, survived and managed to find their way through during the dark years of martial law. And, in the process, learn from these virtual experiences. The nation has lost a generation of leaders during the martial law period. They represent a generation of unrecognized heroes who charted the nation's destiny – willingly or unwillingly. Using the framework of a "peoples' history where individuals can be correctly appraised" (Constantino, 1975), the paper puts to the fore the people's efforts to make changes in their own way that when validated collectively puts in contrast to the well-oiled machinery of former President Marcos' government. Some of the martial victims who survived their ordeal at the hands of the government military and police had died while the data was being gathered. A relative of a university professor gave this writer the typed manuscript of the person's testimony. Another, a farmer from the Visayas, allowed herself to be interviewed on behalf of her parents. Some of the martial law survivors remain alive today to tell their own stories. Apart from the interviews, the author also researched into the files of the Task Force Detainees of the Philippines, Bantayog ng mga Bayani, and Claimants 1081, Inc. The SELDA files currently housed at the University of the Philippines Main Library cannot be easily accessed during the research period and thus was the limitation of this paper. The author also gathered data from the Commission on Human Rights (CHR). Transcripts of the interviews were given to this writer as formally requested for this paper in 2017. The CHR investigating team went to Malisbong, a barangay in the municipality of Sultan Kudarat in the province of Maguindanao in the island of Mindanao in 2014. The Commission gathered data for its Stories of Heroism and Resistance, Martial Law Oral History Project and uploaded it on Youtube for public viewing in 2017.
The purpose of this research is to understand the journey of developing "global citizenship" among undergraduates at The University of Hong Kong (the "University") as influenced by internationalization and globalization. The reality of the global village where modern communications and travel networks have overcome geography to enable people with different cultures, values, and ways of life to share resources and virtual spaces needs to be recognized and addressed. Globalization is a double-edged sword, creating new possibilities as it transforms the fabrics of societies even as it destabilizes common social understandings and practices in ways that impede the advancement and betterment of humanity. Struggling with these possibilities and uncertainties, universities face the challenge of developing "global citizens" capable of bringing positive change and increasing social capital across different levels of society in addition to their traditional academic role. Students are now routinely steered towards "global" experiences such as study abroad, travel, service learning, and participation in the global community locally and internationally. These experiences can facilitate the development of global citizenship helping students become culturally sensitive, interculturally competent, and socially conscious; thus understanding the needs of humanity from different value orientations and perspectives. The University has interpreted and embodied the meaning of "global citizenship" as qualities and abilities that serve and improve humanity, and has attempted to develop students who are interculturally competent in the knowledge, skills and behaviour that contribute positively to societal needs. These interpretations are embedded in policy strategies and implementations, curriculum design and pedagogy, and are supported by activities that contribute to learning and making sense of "global citizenship" among students. Narrative inquiry solicits students' experiences in "global" endeavours and elucidates the way they understand, embody and perform "global citizenship" as a process of becoming "global citizens." The stories and their subtexts reveal current culture(s) and "identit(ies)" that are complex systems of social, political and personal nature. Four typologies of students emerged from these findings and analyses – the Achievers, Learners, Explorers, and Builders, which reveal the dispositions and characteristics of students' attitudes, perspectives, affinities and behaviours in relation to "global citizenship." As globalization challenges our understanding of our identities that are essentially concerned with who we are as individuals and as social beings, this research challenges the traditional understandings of "citizenship" and suggests that its cultural interpretations and enactments are performed individually and co-created socially. This thesis demonstrates the critical importance of mentorship and purposeful design of experience to most effectively enrich the sel(ves) and to facilitate the likelihood of students becoming integrated beings exemplifying global citizenship, amidst the complexities and controversies surrounding globalization. ; published_or_final_version ; Education ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy
Se ha extendido el discurso que afirma que los profundos cambios en las TIC experimentados en la última década han modificado también radicalmente el aprendizaje de nuestros estudiantes universitarios, considerados todos ellos nativos digitales. En este artículo se sostiene, sin embargo, que dichos cambios no son tan inmediatos, automáticos o beneficiosos como el discurso dominante sobre la bondad de las TIC pretende hacernos creer, y que dan lugar a múltiples y variadas situaciones intermedias que caracterizan la actual enseñanza universitaria. Utilizando las valoraciones de tres cuestionarios tipo Likert sobre los procesos de información y comunicación en tres entornos diferenciados (una plataforma virtual de enseñanza aprendizaje, Moodle, Tuenti, como ejemplo de red social, y las aulas presenciales) y mediante técnicas multivariantes (análisis factorial y de conglomerados) se encuentran cuatro segmentos de estudiantes: alumnado optimista o pro-TIC, alumnado pesimista o anti-TIC, alumnado apático y alumnado neutral. La presencia de dichos segmentos de estudiantes nos permite concluir que, aunque la presencia del ordenador en las aulas universitarias forma ya parte del imaginario colectivo, tal vez se esté sobrevalorando tanto el impacto de las TIC en la educación superior como las competencias digitales de los alumnos, y que esta falsa percepción de la realidad puede beneficiar a los vendedores de tecnología, pero no a la innovación metodológica, que sólo se podrá conseguir mediante la necesaria reflexión desde postulados educativos.________________________________________________The discourse stating that the profound changes in ICT of the last decade have also radically altered the way our students learn, and that they can all now be considered digital natives, is increasingly prevalent. However, this paper argues that these changes are not as immediate, automatic or beneficial as the dominant political and technological discourse on the benefits of ICT would have us believe, and that they give rise to many different situations that characterize university teaching and learning practice. Using the ratings of three Likert questionnaires on information processing and communication in three different environments (Moodle, Tuenti and the classroom itself), and applying multivariate techniques (factor analysis and cluster analysis), we have found four clusters: pro-ICT students, anti-ICT students, listless student and neutral student. The presence of such segments of students allows us to conclude that, although computers are nowadays taken for granted in Higher Education classrooms, we are perhaps overestimating both the real impact of ICT on teaching and students' digital competencies, and that this false perception of reality benefits technology vendors but not methodological and pedagogic innovation, which can only be achieved through the necessary reflection on education matters from educational principles.
Economic security of the national state is traditionally considered to be implemented only at macro level of the national economy. However, a new reality of the XXI era has shown that the key aspects of the national security are being arisen at micro level of economic activity. Innovations have created not only new factors for prosperity but given birth to specific risks and novel threats for the national state. Digital ecosystems (DESs) that have just come to light have been generating a host of state threatening consequences. Nowadays most if not all of the largest world companies are parts of digital ecosystems. Market capitalization, total sales and total business operations of the digital ecosystems equal or even exceed the gross domestic product of many independent states. A typical profile of a digital ecosystem comprises such characteristics as self-regulation and independent business; vague industry and geographic frontiers; absence of clear inner structural elements within the firm; absence or minimization of material (brick-and-stone) assets. The services of the digital ecosystems lie in a variety of highly different production, transportation, market, and after-market spheres including finance and logistics. The intangible power of DESs is based on ICT technology, e. g., M2M and IoT, which could work in an autonomous regime even off Wi-Fi areas. Cloud computing, fog computing and edge computing allow to storage and manipulate big data over the firms' boundaries and stay off the government control. Although M2M interactions are good for telemedicine, industrial security, payment systems, etc., smart digital activity of DESs might be harmful for national economic security. Firstly, as digital ecosystems are collecting huge amount of private data, they have access to more subtle behavioral aspects of individuals than government offices. Using their private databases, DESs could influence clients in both economic and political areas. Secondly, digital cartels could implement brand-new types of price discrimination which are out of government regulations. Dynamic pricing in both sides of the digital platforms (for content providers and for consumers) could add to national inflation rates. Thirdly, information that is used to elaborate and implement government economic policy could be easily manipulated within DESs due to low quality of IT operators or because of hacker-driven misinformation. It means that the critically important statistics are in fact in the hands of the digital ecosystems, which have been transforming into tacit co-partners of government economic and social policy. In social sphere DESs have introduced a special business model, that is, worker-on-demand. Like video on demand or car sharing, employees can be hired temporarily with no labour contracts, no social security plans, no any feasible limitations on time, place, and conditions of work. Quantity of labour force, level of wages, and other important elements of working life are in the hands of algorithmic management, a special IT program elaborated by DESs' specialists in the interests of the DESs. Such practices of labour market undermine the government social policy and increase social tensions. Digital ecosystems have changed labour resources in the direction of cyber wars. In order to defense their own infrastructure and virtual space of their activity, DESs are in the process of establishing their own cyber-army. The DES employees usually act as potential (and actual sometimes) cyber-worriers in detecting and eliminating unsanctioned penetration in digital nets of the company. The problems of digital ecosystems having too much economic power are being under consideration in many countries. For example, in China in 2021 the government replaced its former liberal IT policy for tight IT regulation of DESs. Thus, thinking about national economic security, we should take into account a new digital reality in forms of digital ecosystems and their desire (consciously or unconsciously) to substitute national state in its significant economic and social functions.
В центре статьи история вхождения в русскую поэтическую культуру Золотого века мирообраза Рима. Идеи «всемирной отзывчивости» русской литературы нашли свое отражение в освоении ментальных текстов других культур. В этом контексте ми-рообраз Рима приобрел репрезентативный смысл. Каждая эпоха русской общественной жизни 1800-1840-х гг., «идеи времени» выявляли в мирообразе Рима актуальное звучание. Актуализация римской истории, осмысление искусства эпохи Возрождения, открытие архитектурного и ландшафтного пространства, проникновение в мир римского карнавала каждый из этих этапов «прочтения» Рима соотносился с «формами времени» и определял своеобразие поэтического изображения. ; The paper describes the history of the formation of the world-image of Rome as a mental text, as a representation of the concept ''universal responsiveness'' of the Russian language culture in the Russian artistic consciousness, in the Russian poetry of the 1810-1840s. In the first part of the paper the basic parameters of the discovery of Rome as the symbol of this world-image. The Russian palindrome Rome-world captures the process of development of the Italian space as literary, virtual, dreamlike by the Russian poetry (poems by I. Kozlov, D. Venevitinov, N. Gogol). Woven of poetic cliches (Goethe, Byron, Madame de Stael), Zhukovsky's romantic philosophy of ''elevation of the soul'', the names of Raphael and Tasso, it was an all-romanticist topos of ''a wondrous dream'', a fantasy, a vision. Rome and Italy were seen as almost synonymous. Gradually, through the generalized image of Italy the Russian poetry of the 1820s draws the world-image of Rome as a historical reality. The parallels Moscow ''the Third Rome'', St. Petersburg Rome tell about the immersion in Roman history. Rome becomes a representative of the Russian public consciousness of the era of ''civil exaltation". So from Batyushkov to Gogol the Russian language culture forms the concept of ''reading Rome''. The poetry of the 1820s elaborates on this idea as on the idea of spiritual and mental enlightenment of Rome. Images of the Roman antiquity, the names of Roman historians, the orator Cicero, the poet Ovid determine the allusion subtexts of the Decembrist poetry (K. Ryleev, F. Glinka, W. Kuchelbecker, P. Katenin), create the peculiar atmosphere of a Roman political masquerade. Pushkin's poem ''To Licinius'', the message of A.A. Shishkov ''To Metellus'', the role masks of famous figures of Roman history and culture in ''Arzamas'', the shadows of Tasso and Ovid offer new features of the world-image of Rome. This material determines the content of the second part of the paper. The poetry of the 1830s in the atmosphere of the ''era of stagnation'' actualizes the image of Rome as a symbol of the loss of ideals and hopes. At the same time the poets of the salon of Zinaida Volkonskaya and visitors of her Roman villa outline the route of the Russian poetry to the world image of the visible Rome, Rome as a ''reality with a heart''. Poetry of E. Baratynsky and S. Shevyrev is the prologue to the understanding of Rome as a society and a philosophical model of existence. The route to the prose introduces the Roman carnival element as the element of people's lives to the genetic code of the Russian poetic culture. The 1840s is a new stage in the poetic reading of Rome. This was the route to the real picture of the world-image. From the burlesque poem by Ivan Myatlev ''Sensations and comments of Mrs. Kurdyukova abroad.'' to the poetic cycle of Apollon Maikov ''Sketches of Rome'' the Russian poetry made its way to the domestication of Rome, to its depicting in faces and scenes. The Eternal City is a symbol of eternal life. The poem ''Rome'' by P. Vyazemsky was a kind of resume of the journey of the Russian poetry in the reading and the image of Rome-world. Russian Poetry of the 1810-1840s successively opened Rome and its world-image as a polysemantic local text, and at the same time in the process it revealed the idea of ''universal responsiveness'' of the Russian literature.
Puppenspiel, Figuren- und Objekttheater, Theater der Dinge? AkteurInnen in diesen dynamischen Spielfeldern sind – durch Produktions- und Aufführungsmodi mitbedingt – mehrheitlich offen für genreüberschreitende Formensprachen, räumlich ausgesprochen mobil und unterschiedlichsten Publikumsarten zugewandt. Ungeachtet der Benennungsproblematik und ihrer Präsenz auf Gegenwartsbühnen ist die Anzahl an Publikationen zu dieser variantenreichen Theaterform im deutschsprachigen Raum sehr überschaubar, (theater-)wissenschaftliche Monografien oder Sammelbände sind quasi inexistent. Der Verlag Theater der Zeit bietet mit seinem konsequent zweisprachigen Arbeitsbuch Der Dinge Stand/The State of Things. Zeitgenössisches Figuren- und Objekttheater/Contemporary Puppetry and Object Theatre eine Fülle an Text- und Bildmaterial, das exemplarisch künstlerische Positionen zu gesellschaftspolitisch relevanten Themen und Phänomenen – Digitalisierung, Protestkulturen, Körperbilder, Heimat, Migration und Erinnerung – zu fassen sucht. "Puppenspieler*innen gehörten zu den ersten Kunstschaffenden, die interdisziplinäre Inszenierungsansätze, postdramatische Dramaturgien und internationale Kollaborationen etablieren und, zumindest im Festivalbetrieb, durchsetzen konnten." (S. 7) In ihrem Vorwort argumentieren die HerausgeberInnen Annette Dabs und Tim Sandweg darüber hinaus, dass der Diskurs über Figuren- und Objekttheater in letzter Zeit von ästhetischen Fragestellungen dominiert worden sei. Die vorliegende Publikation solle zeitgenössische Spielformen und -materialien primär hinsichtlich ihrer Relationen zu sozialen und politischen Thematiken befragen. Zudem liege im Verlag Theater der Zeit die Veröffentlichung des letzten genrespezifischen Arbeitsbuchs Animation fremder Körper (herausgegeben von Silvia Brendenal im Jahr 2000) beinahe zwei Jahrzehnte zurück. Sieben Artikel, ebenso viele Gespräche und einige manifestartige, poetische bzw. autobiographische Texte umfasst Der Dinge Stand/The State of Things. Der Einstieg in die im Vorwort angekündigten Schwerpunktthemen erfolgt dezidiert – womöglich um Figuren- und Objekttheater unmissverständlich als Innovationsmotor zu markieren – über die Verhältnisse zu den neuen Technologien. So konfrontiert das erste Gespräch zwischen Martina Leeker, Andreas Bischof und Markus Joss, Perspektiven aus der Medienwissenschaft, der Sozialwissenschaft und der Puppenspielpraxis: Robotik, Digitalisierung, neue Kommunikationsformen differieren in ihrem Einsatz im Alltag und auf der Bühne. Ist im Theater der Dinge womöglich nicht das reibungslose Funktionieren dieser neuen Mittel fruchtbar, sondern gerade deren Versagen? Joss spricht pointiert, anhand des aktuell beliebten Topos der Roboter auf der Bühne, über die Grenzen der Brauchbarkeit dieser neuartigen Puppen: "Ein Roboter ist ja erst einmal ein riesengroßes Versprechen. Aber wenn ich aus dem Theater der Dinge darauf blicke, ist das sehr begrenzt: Wenn der Roboter jetzt Treppen steigen kann, haben sehr viele Ingenieur*innen ihr Leben darauf verwandt, damit er das kann. Das ist einerseits beeindruckend, aber unter dem Aspekt der Artistik unendlich langweilig." (S. 25) Wie könnte sich Figuren- und Objekttheater also heute und zukünftig zu einer durch neue Technologien geprägten Gesellschaft verhalten? Womöglich weder durch ein Absorbieren von Robotern, Programmierung, Digitalisierung, noch durch die Einrichtung eines technologiefreien Theaterreservats, sondern durch die Offenlegung von Übersetzungsleistungen, welche im alltäglichen Technikeinsatz verdeckt werden: Joss argumentiert, "dass heute eine Aufgabe von darstellender Kunst im Öffnen, im Sichtbarmachen besteht. Da liegt für mich auch eine Chance für das Theater der Dinge in digitalen Kulturen." (S. 26) Es folgen, im Kielwasser des ersten Themenschwerpunkts, drei Gespräche, darunter eines mit dem Berliner Kollektiv komplexbrigade über interaktives Rollenspieltheater mit Retro-Science-Fiction-Ästhetik (flirrende Bildschirme, Knöpfe und Schalter) und ein weiteres mit dem Professor für digitale Medien im Puppenspiel Friedrich Kirschner über Erwartungshaltungen und Reaktionsketten in partizipativen Formaten. Das dritte Gespräch, mit dem Intendanten des Schauspiels Dortmund Kay Voges, streift Virtual-Reality-Brillen, Body Tracking und Kostüme aus dem 3D-Drucker sowie die "Hoffnung, dass das Theater auch in dreißig Jahren noch ein Ort sein kann, wo die Schönheit der Komplexität erzählt werden kann und nicht die Partizipationswut jede Geschichte zerstört." (S. 54) Der im Themenfeld von Gaming- und Mitmachtheater graduell entgleitende Fokus auf das breit gefasste Theater der Dinge wird mit einem Artikel von Tom Mustroph wieder justiert, der sich mit der 2017 uraufgeführten Inszenierung Pinocchio 2.0 der Berliner Gruppe Manufaktor befasst. Die Puppenspiel-AbsolventInnen der Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch mobilisieren auf halbem Wege zwischen Frankensteins Monster und Freuds Prothesengott, Technologie auf der Bühne: Mit verkabelten Tierschädelknochen und einem ferngesteuert rollenden Fuchs-Katze-Doppelkopfapparat mit LED-Augen illustrieren sie ein dystopisches Kriegsszenario zwischen Menschen und Maschinen am Ende des 21.Jahrhunderts – inklusive anthropomorpher "Pinocchio-Figur als Retter der Menschheit" (S. 52). Der zweite, einem konventionelleren Verständnis von Figuren- und Objekttheater näherliegende Themenfokus des Arbeitsbuchs – der menschliche Körper im Verhältnis zum Mythos, zur Gewalt, zum Objektkörper – wird in fünf Textbeiträgen ausgelotet. Sind wir etwa nie modern gewesen? Im Gespräch befragt die Puppenspielerin Julika Mayer, Renaud Herbin, Puppenspieler und Intendant des TJP Centre Dramatique National in Straßburg, zu Bezügen zwischen antiken Mythen, Ritualen und Körpern im Puppenspiel. "Neither flesh nor fleshless; Neither from nor towards; at the still point, there the dance is" (S. 67) – Herbin zitiert T. S. Eliot herbei, um der Unentschiedenheit zwischen Lebendigem und Unbelebtem, zwischen Aktivem und Passivem in einer angehaltenen Zeit, Raum zu geben: Genau dort läge der Tanz, der ebenso wie Mythologie und Puppenspiel "eine andere Erfahrung des Körpers in Aussicht" (S. 67) stelle. Ebenfalls im Gespräch mit Mayer spinnt Uta Gebert die Fragen nach dem Nonverbalen im tanzaffinen Puppenspiel fort: Das Ding ist hier weder Beiwerk noch Spielzeug, sondern gibt den Rhythmus vor. Mit Demut agiert der "Mensch als Unterstützung, der der Puppe Raum und Kraft verschafft", da "eine Puppe ein gänzlich anderes Zeit-Raum-Gefüge hat. In dieses Gefüge muss der Mensch irgendwie rein, damit beide gut interagieren können" (S. 71). Ein Artikel von Bernard Vouilloux bearbeitet die facettenreichen Verwischungen der Grenzen zwischen organischem und künstlichem Körper und deren ontologischen Zuschreibungen je nach Bewegungs- oder Stillstandmodus in den Arbeiten von Gisèle Vienne. Der thematische Block endet mit einem Artikel über Jan Jedenaks Arbeiten, in welchem mittels Masken und Puppen die Übergänge von Spiel zu Gewalt am Körper ermessen werden, und einem Monologtext der Puppenspielerin Antje Töpfer, der dem Verhältnis zwischen PuppenspielerIn und Spielfigur mit humoristischem Ton begegnet: "Wir sind ein komisches Paar. Du fängst an, dich zu beugen. MATERIALSCHWÄCHE. Meine Augen wandern nach links, zu dir. WILLENSSCHWÄCHE. Ich kann dich nicht länger halten so mit ausgestrecktem Arm. MUSKELSCHWÄCHE." (S. 82) Was hier in der Auswahl der GesprächspartnerInnen und der thematisierten KünstlerInnen deutlich hervortritt, ist die gegenwärtige Bedeutung des professionellen Puppenspiel-Netzwerks zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich, denn alle sind AbsolventInnen spezialisierter Studiengänge an der Ernst Busch, der HMDK Stuttgart und/oder der ESNAM in Charleville-Mézières. Ein dritter Themenschwerpunkt betrifft politisch engagiertes Figuren- und Objekttheater. Den Anfang macht ein Artikel von John Bell über die Zusammenhänge von Figurentheater und politischem Aktivismus in den USA, etwa im Rahmen von Demonstrationen anlässlich der Wahl von Donald Trump oder von Black Lives Matter. Die anschließenden Beiträge sind weniger pädagogisch bzw. kontextualisierend ausgerichtet: Ein poetischer Text von Gerhild Steinbuch kommentiert den Sprachgebrauch der Neuen Rechten, – über die Inszenierungsweisen im dazugehörigen Projekt Beate Uwe Selfie Klick am Theater Chemnitz erfahren LeserInnen allerdings nichts. Auch der manifestartige Text der Lovefuckers – "Aus zwei Moorleichen quillt blaues Blut. Du hast die Wahl. Elvis steht am Ufer und spielt auf einer lila E-Gitarre nur für dich. Don't look back. Fuck all rules. Puppets rule. #<3f***ers" (S. 107) – lässt mitunter den Wunsch nach Informationen zum Tun dieses Berliner Kollektivs aufkommen. Der Beitrag von Anna Ivanova-Brashinskaya, in Form von Lexikon-Einträgen zu Schlagworten, die für die interaktiven Performances des russischen Kollektivs AXE – Russian Engineering Theater von Bedeutung sind, bietet ebenfalls potentiell Neugier weckende Formulierungen, allerdings frei von Informationen zu den konkreten Arbeitsweisen: "FOLTER – im Prinzip alle Handlungen, die die PERFORMENDEn an sich selbst oder an anderen PERFORMENDEn vornehmen" (S. 112). Zum Objekt – da ja der Dinge Stand im Fokus ist – heißt es, "was schreibt, ist keine Hand, sondern ein Stift; was weint, sind nicht die Augen, sondern die Brille. […] Die PERFORMENDEn, in dienender Funktion, ermöglichen ihm das autarke Spiel. Tritt einen Moment lang auf – nur um seine sakralen Pflichten zu erfüllen und zu sterben" (S. 112). Für LeserInnen ohne Kenntnisse über dieses Kollektiv verbleibt der Text wohl etwas opak. Erinnerung, Heimat und Migration bilden die vierte Schwerpunktsetzung im Arbeitsbuch. Zwei international ausgerichtete Beiträge – ein Gespräch mit Ludomir Franczak und ein Artikel über das Kollektiv El Solar – befassen sich mit dokumentarischem Objekttheater, in welchem materielle Gegenstände (die auch Kopien von auratisch-authentischen Gegenständen sein können) als Erinnerungsträger fungieren, die Erzählungen über individuelle Biographien und soziales Leben in urbanen Räumen der Vergangenheit initiieren. Die Fraglichkeit der Trennung zwischen dem Eigenen und dem Fremden im Kontext der Globalisierung und der so genannten Energiewende wird in einem Artikel über die Beweggründe zum Stück Carbon der Dresdner Gruppe Freaks und Fremde thematisiert. Mascha Erbelding zeichnet in ihrem Artikel zum Ensemble Materialtheater die Verhandlung von Flucht, Armut und Krieg mittels Brecht'scher Verfremdung nach. Was wissen gut versorgte EuropäerInnen über diese Themen? Wie kann man das Nichtselbsterfahrene darstellen? International Selbsterfahrenes bietet das Arbeitsbuch dann zum Abschluss: Ariel Doron macht sich autobiographische Gedanken über seine europäisch-israelische Identität bis hin zum Weltbürger-Werden durch den Puppenspieler-Beruf, während Gyula Molnàrs Erzählung vom Koffer als Puppentheater- und Migrationssymbol – konfrontiert mit strengem Einreisekontrollprotokoll – mit wohlgewählten Mehrdeutigkeiten endet: "Nun hat sich das Bild gewandelt. Der Migrant verlässt das Schiff ohne Koffer, seine Geschichte ist im Meer der Nachrichten versunken. Er kommt ohne Koffer, dafür in einen goldenen Mantel gehüllt, und betritt barfuß den Boden unseres Eldorados." (S. 163) Die Entscheidung, alle Textbeiträge sowohl auf Deutsch als auch auf Englisch zu veröffentlichen – wie auch im Luk Perceval gewidmeten Arbeitsbuch 2019 –, ist angesichts der internationalen Tätigkeitsfelder der zum Zuge kommenden KünstlerInnen als auch der potenziellen Diversifikation des Lesepublikums eine produktive Geste. Ihre Kehrseite ist eine ungefähre Halbierung der Quantität an Beiträgen bzw. ihre Kürze, denn die Gesamtseitenanzahl liegt im Bereich der einsprachigen Arbeitsbücher. Es wäre in diesem Kontext womöglich publikumsfreundlich gewesen, die Aufteilung der verfügbaren Seiten – den etwa 77 Textseiten stehen 53 Bild- und 39 Werbeseiten gegenüber – anders zu gestalten und längere Beiträge (als die vorliegenden 0,5 bis 3 Seiten pro Text) zu erlauben. Auch stellt sich bisweilen die Frage nach dem Zielpublikum, denn entsprechend der Ankündigung wird mehr auf die Inhalte als auf die Ästhetik fokussiert, wodurch Beschreibungen von figuren- und objekttheaterspezifischen Verfahren (Inszenierungs- und Spielweisen, Dramaturgien) kaum Erwähnung finden. Die enthaltenen poetischen bzw. dramatischen Texte eröffnen sich ohne diese Kontexte allerdings eher bereits informierten LeserInnen. Gerade weil im deutschsprachigen Raum noch immer publizistisch und theaterwissenschaftlich marginalisierte Theaterformen im Zentrum der Publikation stehen, wäre eine umfassendere, deskriptive und kontextualisierende Hilfestellung gewinnbringend gewesen. Hoch anzurechnen ist den HerausgeberInnen des lesenswerten und bildlich attraktiven TdZ-Arbeitsbuchs 2018 ihre internationale und interdisziplinäre Weitsicht, sowohl betreffend der AutorInnen als auch der thematisierten Arbeiten aus den komplex gebastelten, Genregrenzen umschiffenden, digitalisierten oder leiblichen Produktionen des gegenwärtigen großen Puppen-, Figuren-, Objekt- oder Gaming-Theaters der Dinge.
Esta ponencia denominada "Una metodología de enseñanza de la comunicación política durante la emergencia sanitaria por el COVID 19: entre la teoría y la práctica profesional", tiene como objetivo presentar algunos ejes de nuestra experiencia como docentes en la materia Estudios sobre Política y Sociedad I en la carrera de la Tecnicatura Superior Universitaria en Comunicación Pública y Política de la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social de la UNLP, durante el Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) en la Argentina. Proponemos reflexionar acerca del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje en esta nueva normalidad, atravesado –necesariamente- por una reflexión tecnológica y pedagógica, que debemos hacer para realizar una acción didáctica constructiva, a partir de las relaciones entre docentes, estudiantes/as, espacios y contextos. Ante este momento, vimos la oportunidad de transformar la materia, a través de la educación a distancia, en una caja de herramientas virtual de conceptos/contenidos teóricos y práctica profesional del/la comunicador/a/e, en estrecha articulación con la realidad social y política de nuestro país. La comunicación política implica generar espacios de debate y de consolidación de una cultura política (Almond y Verba, 2001, p. 179). En esa línea, Barbero (2005) afirma "hay democracia en la medida en que no sólo la gente se informa, sino sea capaz de contrainformar, de debatir y de que su palabra también sea pública". Y es entonces que, "al permitir la interacción entre la información, la política y la comunicación, aparece como un concepto fundamental de análisis del funcionamiento de la democracia masiva" (Wolton, 2010). De allí partimos, para trabajar desde la teoría a la práctica de manera constante con la realidad contextual tangible en lo nacional, regional e internacional. Para tal fin, primero, establecimos horarios y canales fijos de comunicación. Cabe recordar que, lo que distingue a la educación a distancia de otras modalidades es la mediatización (Litwin, 2000). En cuanto a los nuevos soportes, trabajamos con web de cátedra, grupos de Facebook y clase integradora, a través de la plataforma Zoom. Esta estrategia en línea permite utilizar diversos lenguajes, guardar los contenidos para que estén disponibles en cualquier momento y llegar a un número más amplio de estudiantes. "Enseñar a trabajar con tecnologías como instrumentos de la cultura implica mediatizarlos, al tiempo que configurar particulares relaciones con los entornos físicos y sociales" (Litwin, 2000, p.23). Decidimos, también, hacer un acompañamiento más individualizado para saber cuáles eran las realidades de cada uno/a/e como estrategia inclusiva y de contención. Brindar más tiempo para las entregas de los trabajos prácticos, de acuerdo a la problemática expresada por cada uno/a/e. De esta manera, logramos establecer diálogos continuos que conllevan a la problematización/reflexión y lectura crítica de los contenidos. Este trabajo representa el relato y la reflexión del proceso realizado en la materia durante el primer cuatrimestre de 2020, a través de las voces de docentes y de estudiantes. ; This presentation called "A teaching methodology of political communication during the health emergency due to COVID 19: between theory and professional practice", aims to present some axes of our experience as teachers in the subject Studies on Politics and Society I in the career of the Higher University Technique in Public Communication and Politics of the School of Journalism and Social Communication (UNLP), during the Social, Preventive and Obligatory Isolation in Argentina. We propose to reflect on the teaching-learning process in this new normal, crossed –necessarily- by a technological and pedagogical reflection, which we must do to carry out a constructive didactic action, based on the relationships between teachers, students, spaces and contexts . At this moment, we saw the opportunity to transform the subject, through distance education, into a virtual toolbox of concepts / theoretical contents and professional practice of the communicator / a / e, in close articulation with social reality and politics of our country. Political communication implies generating spaces for debate and consolidation of a political culture (Almond and Verba, 2001, p. 179). Along these lines, Barbero (2005) affirms "there is democracy to the extent that not only people are informed, but are also capable of counter-reporting, of debating and that their word is also public". And it is then that, "by allowing the interaction between information, politics and communication, it appears as a fundamental concept for analyzing the functioning of mass democracy" (Wolton, 2010). From there, we start working from theory to practice in a constant way with the tangible contextual reality at the national, regional and international levels. To this end, first, we established fixed communication schedules and channels. It should be remembered that what distinguishes distance education from other modalities is mediatization (Litwin, 2000). Regarding the new supports, we work with the teaching website, Facebook groups and integrative class, through the Zoom platform. This online strategy allows you to use different languages, save content so that it is available at any time, and reach a larger number of students. "Teaching to work with technologies as instruments of culture implies mediating them, while configuring particular relationships with the physical and social environments" (Litwin, 2000, p.23). We also decided to carry out a more individualized accompaniment to find out what the realities of each one were as an inclusive and containment strategy. Provide more time for the delivery of practical work, according to the problem expressed by each one. In this way, we are able to establish continuous dialogues that lead to problematization/reflection and critical reading of the contents. This work represents the story and reflection of the process carried out in the matter during the first semester of 2020, through the voices of teachers and students. ; Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social
