Suchergebnisse

Litigation delay is a serious concern for judicial systems. In 2017, Iran enacted regulations for digitizing the judicial system in order to address this problem. This article shows whether this new policy has been an efficient move and shows solutions with more long-term results for overcoming the litigation delay. To analyze the recent reforms' efficiency, I review Iran's dispute resolution performance using secondary data from Doing Business research and the Research Center of the Iranian parliament reports in measuring the doing business environmentfrom 2016, before adopting those regulations, and then until 2019. Finally, it is concluded that Law & Economics methodology is a suitable methodology for analyzing the efficiency of 2017 Iran's policy, which also provides ways to achieve more sustainable results to overcome the litigation delay. The main finding of this study is that according to the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency, Iran's recent reforms related to digitizing the judicial system have been an efficient move; however, due to the nature of these reforms, this efficiency does not last permanently.

This paper shows the key elements of the regulations that authorities should follow and on the other hand the issues about the companies of controlled transactions with the elements about the maximization of their utility. Then, we determine that we have a contra behavior between the authorities and the enterprises which participate in controlled transactions. The authorities follow some international methods to avoid taxation or to minimize the impact of taxes on their profits. Thence, in this scrutiny, are presented some crucial principles about the relation of public and tax authorities with the companies which participate in controlled transactions. The principles of international controlled transactions are significant for the companies and the authorities. The sense of framing is crucial for the determination of a problem, especially from an approach to public policies. The case of framing is crucial for the determination of social quality. Then, an inquiry has been made using the terms of framing and feedback to determine the impact of tax policies on the quality of society.

This research addresses the problem of the worldwide decrease in water resources due to climate change and desertification. The main objective is to develop a cultivation method that uses a biogel to optimize water absorption by plants and reduce evaporation in desert areas. A mixed methodology was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative elements. Black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris) were sown in bags with substrate prepared with the biogel, administering 20 ml of water every 3 days. Over 37 days, observations were made of plant development, substrate moisture, and the presence of pests or diseases. The results showed efficient water absorption by the plants and a substrate that remained moist, without the presence of pests or diseases. However, additional laboratory analyses are required to determine the exact cause of plant death before 45 days. It is concluded that the biogel cultivation method has potential for efficient water use in desert areas, but greater investment in equipment and a multidisciplinary team is needed to obtain conclusive results.

Municipalities often collaborate with other stakeholders in smart city projects to develop and implement technological innovations to address complex urban issues. We propose the shared portfolio approach as an alternative way of collaborating , because we have identified possible limitations when the commonly used single-project approach is adopted in complex contexts, such as the smart city context. The portfolio approach enhances flexibility, an embedded focus and cross-project learning, because partners work on multiple projects – either in parallel or in succession – to develop multiple solutions to a specific problem. An in-depth case study is used to illustrate how the shared portfolio approach works. In practice, these insights can be used by public bodies who aim to collaborate in smart city development or by partners who work on smart city projects and wish to continue their collaboration in a portfolio setting. Conceptually, our paper develops a connection between cross-sector partnership literature and smart city literature by revealing how the shared portfolio approach could be an effective way to deal with the complexities of innovation in the smart city context.

Abstract Aporophobia, the rejection of poor people, is a major social problem with known harmful consequences, especially for the most excluded in our society, i.e., homeless people. However, this phenomenon has been only rarely studied using testable means on the ground. This article reports on empirical research conducted on a sample of homeless people in Ghent, Belgium. The principal objective was to analyse aporophobic discriminatory incidents and hate crimes which were experienced by around 50% of the respondents. The most common offences were property crimes, particularly thefts and robberies, with the belief being that the perpetrators were motivated to perform these crimes as they saw this particular demographic group as more helpless and vulnerable. Moreover, the victims usually experienced more than one crime and different typologies. Unfortunately, underreporting was pronounced. It is therefore necessary to increase the visibility of these crimes and the reporting rate, as well as to reduce victimisation. To this end, it is essential to know the real scope of such crimes and their characteristics.

The article deals with issues related to human participation in cyberspace in the context of the problem of personal identity and the challenges associated with remote forms of communication. The research perspective is based on the notion of the theatricality of life, in matters such as self-expression and self-creation as well as with regard to social coexistence. Digital technologies gave rise to new opportunities for self-representation, enabling individuals to shape their identities in more decentralized and fragmented ways. The article focuses on aspects of digital presence such as conditions of avatarization, the avatar-user relationship, and digital forms of self-expression. The article suggests that one of the main challenges people face in a digitally mediated world is to maintain a coherent sense of self. It requires embracing a more nuanced and multifaceted understanding of personal identity, which takes into account the individual's entanglement in relationality (with oneself, with one's avatars, and with other people).

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the problems related to the financial management of municipal corporations in India and to suggest solutions.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 577 employees of municipal corporations working in four metro cities of India, namely Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi. Data were put through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for problem identification and inferences were classified and grouped to map the solutions for these problems.FindingsThe study found that municipal corporations in India face four major problems or issues in their financial management. These problems are mainly related to the four dimensions: Power, Interruptions, Finances, and Resources. The model used to explore these four types of issues is named as "PIFR model" by the author.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that real-world problems can be represented through a conceptual model that helps in identifying practical suggestions which can be implemented by municipal corporations at the ground level for better financial management.

Dlaczego było tak mało malarek na Śląsku w okresie baroku? W dniu 8 marca 2021 roku po raz pierwszy w długoletniej historii Rijksmuseum w Amsterdamie umieszczono w galerii honorowej trzy obrazy stworzone przez kobiety: Judith Jans Leyster, Gesinę Terborch i Rachel Ruysch. Gdyby na podobny krok zdecydowało się Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu – główna instytucja zajmująca się gromadzeniem i eksponowaniem dzieł dawnej sztuki powstałych na Śląsku – to miałoby bardzo poważny problem z jego realizacją. W okresie baroku na Śląsku zawód malarki uprawiały bowiem jedynie trzy kobiety: Anna Elisabeth Willmann, Dorothea Gloger oraz Antonina della Vigna. Co więcej, nie odniosły one znaczącego zawodowego sukcesu, a ich kariery pozostały w zasadzie niespełnione. Spośród około 10 000 obrazów o śląskiej proweniencji z okresu baroku zachowanych do naszych czasów tylko pięć zostało namalowanych przez kobiety. Dlaczego tak mało kobiet zajmowało się zawodowo malarstwem na Śląsku w tym czasie? I dlaczego z tak mizernym rezultatem? Niniejszy artykuł, oparty na wynikach kompleksowych badań malarstwa barokowego na Śląsku, jest próbą odpowiedzi na postawione powyżej fundamentalne pytania.

The paper aims to identify the specifics of the representation of video-game media rhetoric in the modern so-cio-cultural space. This problem is analyzed from the standpoint of the sociology of culture. In the course of the research, along with general scientific methods, the methodology of sociological and linguistic knowledge was used. It is emphasized that the specific feature of video-game space is dynamism, which is peculiarly reflected in the speech practice of gamers, causing the desire to simplify it. Three groups of videogame terminology, ranked by the degree of prevalence of the corresponding words, terms and turns in the gamer environment, are identified: local, global and hyper-level. There is a large number of anglicisms in video game media rhetoric, the reasons for this are identified and analyzed. The authors define, analyze and give concrete examples of word formation methods within the framework of video-game media rhetoric – transcription, transliteration, calcification, semi-calcification. It is also shown on the basis of which principles the speech interaction between gamers is carried out.

Usually, agents in the Free Energy Contracting Environment (ACL) in Brazil, as self-producers and independent producers with their loads, must be carried out an accounting routine named allocation of self-generated energy (AGP). Considering the lack of specific works to solve such typical and necessary routines of these agents, this work presents a methodology to optimize the allocation of self-generated energy. The main contributions of this work are: (i) the elaboration of the allocation of self-generated mechanism as an optimization problem; (ii) development of a free software that provides the values to be allocated to each consumer unit in order to obtain the greatest gain with the distribution of the agent's generation and (iii) enable an allocation analysis in order to obtain the predictability of earnings with allocation in a given future period. In case study, we used data based on a large Brazilian organization in the Steel/Metallurgy/Mining sectors. In a comparative analysis, the simulation using the optimization process guarantee a financial gain of 17%, which represents savings of 3.6 million in Brazilian currency.

AbstractThis study analyses the problem of multi‐tier supply chains, including suppliers, producers, wholesalers, and retailers. Decision‐makers should analyse the social, environmental, and economic constraints in a multi‐dimensional business context. We analyse these issues by considering the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concerns. A scorecard‐based mathematical model, consisting of mixed‐integer linear programming, is developed to assist fast‐fashion decision‐makers in supply chain policy formulation. The model is validated through a practical case study using IBM CPLEX Optimizer. The results indicate that involving the social aspect can increase the profit compared to considering only the economic impact, under high environmental costs with low return on investment. Furthermore, the mathematical model is able for the case study to optimise the distribution network of the entire multi‐tier supply chain, considering CSR concerns, in less than 5 s. This research has implications for the advancement of multi‐tier supply chain optimisation and provides a basis for future distribution decisions for firm stakeholders.

AbstractThe EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) defines four risk categories: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. However, as these categories statically depend on broad fields of application of AI, the risk magnitude may be wrongly estimated, and the AIA may not be enforced effectively. This problem is particularly challenging when it comes to regulating general-purpose AI (GPAI), which has versatile and often unpredictable applications. Recent amendments to the compromise text, though introducing context-specific assessments, remain insufficient. To address this, we propose applying the risk categories to specific AI scenarios, rather than solely to fields of application, using a risk assessment model that integrates the AIA with the risk approach arising from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and related literature. This integrated model enables the estimation of AI risk magnitude by considering the interaction between (a) risk determinants, (b) individual drivers of determinants, and (c) multiple risk types. We illustrate this model using large language models (LLMs) as an example.

In the course of attracting the public to the work of cultural institutions in the context of building a communist society in the Penza Region, libraries were created on a voluntary basis since 1961. Public libraries in the USSR were a form of Public participation in cultural and educational work, the popularization of books, and library management. The study of the formation of a network of libraries on a voluntary basis at the regional level allows you to recreate an objective picture of the daily life of the population within the indicated chronological framework; supplement historical knowledge of the content and forms of activity of the authorities and the public to improve the cultural and educational level of citizens.
The study of the practice of libraries on a voluntary basis in the early 1960s. in the Penza Region made it possible to identify the main trends and difficulties in the development of such a form of providing books to the Soviet population, to determine the vector of the subsequent study of the scientific problem.

Abstract
This study examines how Meta as a company of various social media platforms communicates the disinformation crisis. Social media platforms are seen as a breeding ground for disinformation, and companies like Meta risk not only suffering reputational damage but also being further regulated by national and international legislation. We consider in this paper the news stories that Meta posted on the topic of disinformation on its own website between 2016 and 2022 as crisis communication, and build on insights from this domain that discuss some key response strategies. In this way, we conclude that Meta's communication can be seen as crisis communication, and that it uses strategies such as addressing different stakeholders, sticking to key messages when discussing the interventions, and holding itself responsible for finding a solution rather than for the problem of disinformation itself. These insights contribute to understanding how Meta seeks to validate its legitimacy during this ongoing crisis, and how it engages in self-regulation.

New care models for older adults seeking emergency care
Professors Katie Robinson and Rose Galvin from the Ageing Research Centre at the University of Limerick describe research on new models of care for older adults seeking emergency care. Research notes that emergency department crowding leads to long waiting times, treatment delays, increased costs, staff burnout and reduced patient satisfaction. While the problem of emergency department crowding is multifaceted and complex, and no magic bullet will resolve the issue, researchers at the Ageing Research Centre UL are exploring how new modes of care for older adults seeking emergency care can improve their overall care experience and clinical outcomes while reducing unscheduled care use. Analysing two trials, the OPTIMEND randomised controlled trial and the ED PLUS pilot trial, the University of Limerick plans to establish what outcomes should be evaluated in ED studies with older adults. They will also be working to develop standards of care for frail older adults attending the ED and a larger-scale evaluation of ED PLUS as well.