Suchergebnisse

This article seeks to analyze the legal bases of video surveillance, the state of the current unsystematic regulation in the Peruvian legal system and the first juridical-factual consequences that are emerging from its progressive application. In this way, the article begins with the study of the protection of the image of the person, with special attention to the phenomenon of video surveillance, from the point of view of Civil, Constitutional, Administrative and —even— Criminal law. Later, it studies the way in which the Legislator and —in other cases— the Executive have established the specific andparticular rules on video surveillance in Peru at the national level. Finally, it continues with the description and analysis of some of the factual assumptions that have been challenging Peruvian authorities; among which we have the use of video surveillance as a method of monitoring by entities for security purposes, as a tool for the use of employers to detect labor infractions, as an obligation of the service providers to guarantee the security of the consumers, and as evidence of the correct conduct at the start and ending of a family visit's regime when sons or daughters are taken out of regular home, this last is an example of the use of recorded video material of the private form or material of video surveillance as evidence in judicial and/or administrativeproceedings. ; El presente artículo busca analizar las bases jurídicas de la videovigilancia, el estado de su regulación actual asistemática en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano y las primeras consecuencias jurídico-fácticas que están surgiendo de su aplicación progresiva. De esta manera, el artículo iniciará con el estudio de la protección de la imagen de la persona, con especial incidencia en el fenómeno de la videovigilancia, desde el punto de vista de la regulación civil, constitucional, administrativa e —incluso— penal. Posteriormente, estudiaremos la forma en la cual el legislador y —en otros casos— el ejecutivo ha establecido las reglas particulares y específicas sobre la videovigilancia en el Perú a nivel nacional. Finalmente, continuaremos con la descripción y análisis de algunos de los supuestos fácticos que ya vienen siendo un reto para las autoridades peruanas; entre los cuales se encuentran el uso de la videovigilancia como método de monitoreo por parte de entidades con fines de seguridad, como herramienta de los empleadores para detectar infracciones laborales, como obligación de los proveedores para garantizar la seguridad de los consumidores, y como prueba de la conducta correcta en el inicio y fin del régimen de visita familiar con externamiento de menor, esto último como supuesto ejemplificador de utilización de material de video grabado de forma privada o material de videovigilancia como evidencia en procesos judiciales o administrativos.

Rachman LM, Baskoro DPT, Wahjunie ED, Nurmilah A, Astriani T, Dewi NM. 2019. Evaluation of the physical properties of controlling soil capabilities holding water and supplying water for plants and its association with agricultural management on sub-optimal lands. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2019, Palembang 4-5 September 2019. pp. 111-120. Palembang: Unsri Press. Utilization and optimization of marginal land or sub-optimal land is needed to support the government's food security program. Rainfed sub-optimal land, although quite extensive (2,247,527 ha) and still potential enough to be utilized. However, the current low productivity due to a variety of biophysical constraints, required input and recommendation technology appropriate land management to increase productivity. Sub optimal rainfed land including dry land. One serious obstacle faced is often experiencing water shortages or droughts during the dry season. However, the current low productivity due to a variety of biophysical constraints, required input and recommendation technology appropriate land management to increase productivity. Sub optimal rainfed land including dry land. One serious obstacle faced is often experiencing water shortages or droughts during the dry season. The lack of water in the plant root zone can basically be caused by: 1) lack of water supply, 2) low soil capacity to hold and supply water for plants, or 3) a combination of both. For this reason, it is necessary to have accurate and comprehensive data and information about the ability or capacity of the soil to hold and store soil water holding capacity. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of physical properties of land in sub-optimal land that controls the ability or capacity of the soil to hold or hold and store water so that directions can be arranged for agricultural management in sub-optimal lands to increase productivity. The location of the study whose data was reviewed in this study included the areas of Bogor, Lebak, Pandeglang and Serang. Some of the soil physical properties studied were soil bulk density, soil texture, stability of soil aggregate stability index, total soil porosity, distribution of soil pores, and soil organic matter content. Evaluation results indicate that in general the characteristics of the physical properties of the soil associated with its ability to supply water are available to plants and hold and store water are classified as moderate. Directions for recommendations for processing and managing soil for agricultural management are adjusted to the conditions and characteristics of the soil.Keywords: agricultural management, land management, soil physical properties, sub- optimal land, soil water holding capacity

The investigative work that basically supported the writing of this scientific work had as objective the determination of the incidence of the administrative management in the institutional development in the Parochial Governments of Babahoyo, Ecuador. For the achievement of the outlined goal, methods derived from scientific research were used, in order to collect and analyze the necessary information, as well as mathematical and statistical methods for processing. The research that served as precedent, presented an exploratory - descriptive design, in its development the population was assumed as parochial governmental entities of the Babahoyo canton. The study was based on the methodological basis of using a SWOT Matrix, the study was conducted between 2013 and 2016. The relevant variables dealt with were administrative management and institutional development. In order to statistically process the results derived from the application of empirical level methods, the Variation Coefficient was used. As main findings of the research, whose results are shown in the present, the diagnosis of the existing situation in the Parochial Boards is presented, as well as a model that, according to the criteria of the acting experts, can solve the assumed scientific problem. arriving at conclusions that of being taken into account by the studied managers, could revolutionize the administrative management and its incidence in the institutional development in the Parochial Governments of Babahoyo, Ecuador. ; El trabajo investigativo que básicamente sustentó la escritura de esta obra científica tuvo como objetivo la determinación de la incidencia de la gestión administrativa en el desarrollo institucional en los Gobiernos Parroquiales de Babahoyo, Ecuador. Para el logro de la meta reseñada, fueron utilizados métodos derivados de la investigación científica, con la finalidad de recopilar y analizar la información necesaria, así como métodos matemáticos y estadísticos para su procesamiento. La investigación que sirvió de precedente, presentó un diseño exploratorio – descriptivo, en su desarrollo se asumió como población las entidades gubernamentales parroquiales del cantón Babahoyo. El estudio realizado tuvo como base metodológica la utilización de una Matriz FODA, el estudio se realizó entre los años 2013 y 2016. Las variables relevantes tratadas fueron la gestión administrativa y el desarrollo institucional. Con la finalidad de procesar estadísticamente los resultados derivados de la aplicación de métodos del nivel empírico se utilizó el Coeficiente de Variación. Como hallazgos principales emanados de la investigación, cuyos resultados se exhiben en el presente aparece el diagnóstico de la situación existente en los Gobiernos Parroquiales objeto de estudio, así como un modelo que de acuerdo a criterios de los expertos actuantes puede solucionar el problema científico asumido, arribándose a conclusiones que de tenerse en cuenta por los directivos estudiados, podrían revolucionar la gestión administrativa y su incidencia en el desarrollo institucional en los Gobiernos Parroquiales de Babahoyo, Ecuador.

Extremadura comprises 388 towns and villages—165 in the province of Badajoz and 223 in the province of Cáceres. Most of these have steadily set up a network of rural tourism businesses starting in 1992, when the first piece of legislation regulating this type of accommodation providers (Decreto) was passed. At present, regulations dictate that rural accommodation businesses can be opened in towns smaller than 10,000 inhabitants. This population limit actually implies that these businesses can be set up in 96.6% of municipalities in Extremadura. Based on these principles, this paper seeks to measure and analyse the distribution of rural accommodation businesses, by contrast to conventional accommodation providers, in these towns. Results indicate that there are striking differences between the two groups of small towns established for our research: those with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants and those ranging between 2,000 and 10,000 inhabitants. ; Extremadura cuenta con 388 municipios, distribuidos entre las provincias de Badajoz (165) y Cáceres (223). Por la mayor parte de estos municipios se ha ido implantando una red de alojamientos rurales a partir del año 1992, fecha en la que se publicó el primer Decreto que regulaba esta tipología de alojamientos. En la actualidad, la normativa establece que los alojamientos rurales pueden ubicarse en aquellos municipios que no sobrepasen los 10.000 habitantes. Este límite posibilita que dichos alojamientos se puedan implantar en el 96,6% de los municipios de Extremadura. Teniendo en cuenta estas premisas, este artículo tiene como objetivo medir y analizar la distribución de los alojamientos rurales, en comparación con los convencionales, en estos municipios. Los resultados muestran una realidad en la que hay divergencias entre los dos bloques de municipios establecidos en el trabajo: los de menos de 2.000 habitantes y los que tienen entre 2.000 y 10.000 habitantes. ; L'Estrémadure compte 388 municipalités distribuées entre les provinces de Badajoz (165) et de Cáceres (223). Dans la plupart de ces communes, un réseau de logements ruraux a été mis en place depuis 1992, date à laquelle le premier décret réglementant ce type d'hébergement a été publié. Actuellement, les règlements établissent que les logements ruraux peuvent être situés dans les municipalités qui ne dépassent pas les 10.000 habitants. Cette limite permet que ces logements ruraux puissent être mis en place dans 96,6% des municipalités d'Estrémadure. Considérant les données citées, cet article vise à mesurer et analyser la répartition des logements ruraux, en comparaison avec les logements conventionnels dans ces municipalités. Les résultats montrent une réalité dans laquelle il existe des divergences entre les deux blocs de municipalités établis dans le travail: celles qui ont moins de 2.000 habitants et celles qui ont entre 2.000 et 10.000 habitants.

This article is the result of an investigation whose main purpose was to analyze the constructions of the concept of disability. We intend to analyze the discourses on disability that teachers working with students in this situation have built. The approach to the data was from a qualitative paradigm, of descriptive scope, and supported by the grounded theory methodology. Questionnaires were applied to 22 participants, basic education teachers. We conclude that the scientific knowledge has hegemonized visions, but in the process it has turned to common sense, leaving aside an important substratum as it is our action in front of other people and the consequences of the interventions and diagnoses that, being scientifically validated, invalidate the others and exclude the others. The above implies looking at teacher training from an ethical and political stage where complex processes of reflection overcome the reduced vision that has been built on disability and its inclusion. ; El presente trabajo es resultado de una investigación cuyo propósito principal fue analizar las construcciones sobre el concepto de discapacidad. Pretendemos analizar los discursos que sobre discapacidad han construido docentes que atienden estudiantes en esta situación. La aproximación a los datos fue desde un paradigma cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo y apoyado en el método de teoría fundamentada. Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 22 participantes, docentes de educación básica. Concluimos que los saberes de orden científico han hegemonizado las visiones, pero en el devenir se han volcado hacia el sentido común, dejando de lado un sustrato importante como lo es nuestro actuar frente a otras personas y las consecuencias de las intervenciones y diagnósticos que, siendo validados científicamente, invalidan al otro ser y lo excluyen. Lo anterior implica mirar hacia la formación docente desde un estadio ético y político, donde complejos procesos de reflexión superen la visión reducida que se ha construido sobre la discapacidad y su inclusión. ; O presente trabalho é resultado de uma investigação cujo objetivo principal foi analisar as construções sobre o conceito de deficiência. Pretendemos analisar os discursos sobre deficiência construídos por professores que tem estudantes nessa situação. A abordagem dos dados partiu de um paradigma qualitativo, de formato descritivo e apoiado pelo método da teoria fundamentada. Os questionários foram aplicados a 22 participantes, professores da educação básica. Conclui-se que o conhecimento científico hegemonizou visões, generalizando a um sentido comum, deixando de lado um substrato importante como nossas ações diante de outras pessoas e as consequências das intervenções e diagnósticos que, sendo cientificamente validados, anulam o outro ser e o excluem. O que pretende-se dizer implica um olhar a formação de professores, a partir de uma perspectiva ética e política, onde os processos de reflexão complexos superam a visão reduzida que foi construída sobre a deficiência e sua inclusão.

En este artículo, pretendemos profundizar en el significado de la expresión 'nominalismo político', la cual forma parte del título de las XV Jornadas Internacionales de Filosofía Política de la Universitat de Barcelona. El objetivo principal es encontrar una explicación al poder de significación del lenguaje, que incluya algún elemento social o político entre sus premisas. Para ello, tomamos como punto de partida una perspectiva marxista, según la cual el "nominalismo" lingüístico tiene que ser considerado una falla idealista, ya que presupone en el lenguaje el mismo poder que estamos intentando explicar. Además, esta forma auto-resolutiva de plantear el problema no necesita tener en cuenta ningún factor político o social, de manera que el "nominalismo político" solo sería una expresión del poder (idealistamente) esencial del lenguaje, una expresión tal en el campo, accidentalmente concomitante, de la política mundana. Encontraremos una perspectiva así en la teoría de los "actos de habla" de J.L. Austin, y en su inevitable caída en el pensamiento mágico. Por el contrario, podemos repasar las teorías de Guy Debord y de Ferrucio Rossi-Landi, que incluyen observaciones de fenómenos como la "expropiación lingüística" y la "alienación lingüística", y que son mucho más útiles a la hora de explicar el poder del lenguaje sobre sus hablantes, y el vínculo de este poder con la realidad social. ; In this paper, we attempt to go into detail about the meaning of the expression 'political nominalism', which is part of the title of the XV International Conferences of Political Philosophy at Universitat de Barcelona. Our main aim is to find an explanation for the significative power of the language that includes any social or political element among its premises. For this task, we take as starting point a Marxist view, from which linguistic "nominalism" should be considered as an idealist fail, for it presupposes in the language the same power we're trying to explain. Also, this self-resolutive way of setting out the problem doesn't need to take into account any social or political factor, and then "political nominalism" would only be an expression of an (idealistically) essential power of the language, such an expression in the accidentally concomitant field of worldly policies. We will see a view of this kind, with such a lack of critical social view, in J.L. Austin's "speech acts" theory, and in its unavoidable fall into magical thinking. On the contrary, we can review the theories of Guy Debord and Ferrucio Rossi-Landi, which include observations of phenomena like "linguistic expropriation" and "linguistic alienation", and which are much more useful in terms of explaining the power of language over its speakers, and the bond of this power with the social reality.

This article contributes to the exploration of the factors that influence the population's trust in political institutions. The problems associated with political institutions in democratic contexts have gained relevance both nationally and internationally. In the Chilean case, the progressive increase of distrust in political institutions, particularly towards the parties, is accompanied by a political climate of disaffection and low political participation. With the aim of explaining this phenomenon, a multiple linear regression model is presented based on three indicators widely supported by the literature on political trust: perception of efficacy, economic well-being and perception of corruption, constituted from the Latinbarometer 2017 database. The results obtained highlight the relevance of these associated factors, subjective evaluation of institutional performance to explain political confidence in Chile. However, each of these factors has an explanatory particularity with respect to the case studied. ; El presente artí­culo contribuye en la exploración de los factores que inciden en la confianza de la población en las instituciones polí­ticas. La problemática asociada a instituciones polí­ticas en contextos democráticos ha adquirido relevancia tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. En el caso chileno, se destaca el aumento progresivo de la desconfianza en las instituciones polí­ticas, particularmente hacia los partidos, acompañado de un clima polí­tico de desafección y de baja participación polí­tica. Con el objetivo de explicar este fenómeno, se presenta un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple basado en tres indicadores ampliamente respaldados por la literatura sobre confianza polí­tica: percepción de eficacia, bienestar económico y percepción de corrupción, constituidos a partir de la base de datos Latinobarómetro 2017. Los resultados obtenidos ponen en evidencia la relevancia de estos factores asociados evaluación subjetiva del desempeño institucional para explicar la confianza polí­tica en Chile. No obstante, cada uno de estos factores posee una particularidad explicativa con respecto al caso estudiado. ; O presente artigo contribui para a exploração dos fatores que incidem na confiança da população nas instituições polí­ticas. A problemática associada a instituições polí­ticas em contextos democráticos adquiriu relevância tanto em ní­vel nacional como internacional. No caso chileno, destaca-se o aumento progressivo da desconfiança nas instituições polí­ticas, particularmente dos partidos, acompanhado de um clima polí­tico de desafeto e de baixa participação polí­tica. Com o objetivo de explicar este fení´meno, é apresentado um modelo de regressão linear múltiplo baseado em três indicadores amplamente respaldados pela literatura sobre confiança polí­tica: percepção de eficiência, bem-estar econí´mico e percepção de corrupção, constituí­dos a partir da base de dados Latinobarómetro 2017. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a relevância destes fatores associados à avaliação subjetiva do desempenho institucional para explicar a confiança polí­tica no Chile. Porém, cada um destes fatores possui uma particularidade explicativa com relação ao caso estudado.

Context: Mexico before 2013, had a unilateral government-like control of the electricity sector, a situation that was modified with the energy reform, where the operating policies changed, creating a new scheme based on a Wholesale Electricity Market (MEM) through an open market and where the sources with the greatest presence to date are intermittent power generation sources, such as; photovoltaic solar power plants and wind power plants. The intermittency of these sources arising in the electrical transmission network will cause a problem of energy security called the duck curve. Method: This technical-administrative study makes a detailed panorama to structure a model through decision making with the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP, acronym in English) to repower the Mexican electric sector by making decisions with social criteria, environmental, economic, political and technical. Results: A sensitivity analysis is presented as a result of the LINGO Software and Web Hipre that supports the criterion and sub-criterion that will benefit the most by including a new innovation called Re-pumping-solar to save-the public finances and decrease the electrical intermittency in Mexico. Conclusions: Lead to decision making, technologies within energy policies without the need for a physical model, but yes; with an investigation of operations verifying the feasibility of said technologies. ; Contexto: México, antes de 2013, tenía un control unilateral tipo gubernamental del sector eléctrico, situación que fue modificada con la reforma energética donde las políticas de operación cambiaron, creando un nuevo esquema basado en un mercado eléctrico mayorista (MEM) a través de un mercado abierto; al mismo tiempo, las fuentes con mayor presencia a la fecha son las fuentes de generación eléctrica tipo intermitente, tales como las centrales solares fotovoltaicas y las centrales eólicas. La intermitencia que de estas fuentes surja en la red de transmisión eléctrica provocará un problema de seguridad energética denominado la curva de pato. Método: Este estudio técnico-administrativo realiza un panorama pormenorizado para estructurar un modelo a través de la toma de decisiones con el proceso de análisis jerárquico (AHP, por sus siglas en inglés), ello con el fin de repotenciar el sector eléctrico mexicano mediante la toma de decisiones con los criterios sociales, ambientales, económicos, políticos y técnicos. Resultados: Se presenta un análisis de sensibilidad resultado del software Lingo y Web-Hipre, el cual sustenta el criterio y subcriterio que mayor beneficio tendrá al incluir una nueva innovación denominada rebombeo solar, ello para salvaguardar las finanzas públicas y disminuir la intermitencia eléctrica en México. Conclusiones: Llevar a la toma de decisiones y tecnologías dentro de políticas energéticas sin necesidad de un modelo físico, pero sí con una investigación de operaciones, comprobando la factibilidad de estas.

Este artículo presenta una revisión de la fundamentación teórica, la implementación y la evaluación de propuestas de aprendizaje crítico basado en valores de paz, igualdad y justicia social global. Para ello, este trabajo aborda el caso de la Comunicación transgresora de Cambio Social en la educación superior por medio de metodologías participativas y cooperativas para la adquisición de competencias comunicativas y digitales orientadas a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Además, se plantean los principales retos educativos en el espacio universitario, teniendo en cuenta el papel que desempeñan las redes sociales digitales en los procesos de aprendizaje y en la construcción de identidades. En concreto, analizamos dos asignaturas de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (España): "Comunicación para la igualdad", del Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas, y "Comunicación para la paz", en el Máster Universitario en Estudios de Paz, Conflictos y Desarrollo. Los planteamientos que aquí se recogen están fundamentados en una concepción de la enseñanza superior como una comunidad de aprendizaje para una ciudadanía crítica y activa capaz de localizar las raíces de la violencia cultural para imaginar y promover otras realidades, mediante la creación de nuevos relatos. Basándonos en la tradición de una pedagogía crítica y de una comunicación de cambio social, nos centramos en detectar discursos transformadores exitosos para aprender a construir otras opciones políticas a través de la comunicación ; This paper presents a revision of the theoretical grounding, implementation and evaluation of a proposal of critical learning based on values of peace, equality and global social justice. The article addresses the case of transgressive communication of social change in higher education through participatory and cooperative methodologies to acquire communicative and digital competences in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, we address the main educational challenges in the university context considering the role played by the digital social media in the learning process and the configuration of identities. Specifically, we analyse two courses of the Universitat Jaume I of Castellón (Spain): "Communication towards equality", in the undergraduate in Advertising and Public Relations, and "Communication for peace", of the Master in International Studies in Peace, Conflict and Development. These proposals are grounded on a conception of higher education as a learning and communicative community as critical and active citizens able to trace the root causes of cultural violence in order to imagine and promote other realities, by creating alternative discourses. We rely on critical pedagogy and transgressive communication of social change to focus on detect successful transformative discourses to learn how to build other political options through communication

En el presente artículo se analiza la formación de investigadores educativos tomando como referencia los procesos de formación docente en que participa el profesorado mexicano. Con base en la revisión de la política pública de formación y desarrollo profesional docente, así como diversas aportaciones teóricas sobre la temática, se distinguen las principales acciones gubernamentales que se han implementado para promover entre los docentes las habilidades para usar, aplicar y realizar investigación educativa. Mediante una metodología cualitativa, de corte documental, el análisis versa sobre el alcance conceptual de la formación de investigadores educativos, el modo en que ésta se ha realizado y, las acciones implementadas en la formación docente para incorporar la formación de investigadores. Se concluye el papel clave de la investigación en la transformación de la práctica docente, además se identifican en la política educativa diversos momentos y estrategias para formar a los docentes como investigadores, en donde el posgrado tiene una posición estratégica. Si bien, se observan ciertos avances, las oportunidades que se ofrecen al profesorado de educación básica para formarse como investigadores educativos son escasas, por lo que se requiere avanzar en la conformación de una masa crítica de docentes con las competencias necesarias para investigar. Se propone impulsar la investigación participativa que conduzca a acciones transformadoras y otorguen al profesorado una participación auténtica ; In this article, the training of educational researchers is analyzed taking as reference the processes of teacher training in which Mexican teachers participate. Based on the review of the public policy of teacher training and professional development, as well as various theoretical contributions on the subject, the main government actions that have been implemented to promote among teachers the skills to use, apply and carry out educational research are distinguished. By means of a qualitative methodology, of documentary nature, the analysis deals with the conceptual scope of the training of educational researchers, the way in which this has been carried out, and the actions implemented in teacher training to incorporate the training of researchers. It concluded the key role of research in the transformation of teaching practice, also identified in the educational policy various moments and strategies to train teachers as researchers, where the postgraduate has a strategic position. Although some progress is being made, the opportunities offered to basic education teachers to train as educational researchers are scarce, so it is necessary to advance in the formation of a critical mass of teachers with the necessary skills to investigate. It is proposed to promote participatory research that leads to transformative actions and gives to teachers an authentic participation

In Argentina from 2003 to 2015 the social policies promoted by the Ministry of SocialDevelopment of the Nation during the progressive governments of the Front for Victory have promoted principles of the social and solidarity economy. For this, they used the cooperative of work with territorial anchoring as an instrument of social nclusion. One of the programs that became more relevant was the Argentina Trabaja-Social. Income Working Program. The objective of this paper is to investigate the nature and particularities that work cooperatives acquire under its orbit. We have identified the ways in which it is disputed at the territorial level where the municipality is responsible for shaping them and assigning tasks to them. In this sense, we are in the presence of regulated cooperatives that contribute to the heterogeneous universe of cooperativism by being constituted through public policies that foster cooperativism and self-managed experiences. The methodology we use is qualitative based on empirical research developed in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA ), Argentina, from 2013 to 2018. It was an investigation in which the analysis corpus was made up of Resolution 3182/09 that gave rise to it, as well as academic articles as preliminary inquiries, participant observations, transcriptions of field notes and semi-structured interviews with cooperative members and municipal officials. ; En Argentina, desde el año 2003 hasta el 2015, las políticas sociales impulsadas desde el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de la Nación durante los gobiernos progresistas del Frente para la Victoria han promovido principios de la economía social y solidaria. Para ello, utilizaron como instrumento de inclusión social, la cooperativa de trabajo con anclaje territorial. Uno de los programas que cobró mayor relevancia fue el Argentina Trabaja-Programa Ingreso Social con Trabajo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar sobre la naturaleza y las particularidades que adquieren las cooperativas de trabajo bajo la órbita del mismo. Se han identificado las formas en las que se disputa a nivel territorial en donde el municipio es el encargado de conformarlas y asignarles las tareas. En este sentido, se está en presencia de cooperativas reguladas que contribuyen al universo heterogéneo del cooperativismo,al constituirse a través de políticas públicas que fomentan el cooperativismo y a las experiencias autogestionadas. La metodología que se utiliza es cualitativa en base a una investigación empírica desarrollada en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (amba), Argentina, desde el año 2013 hasta el año 2018. Se trató de una investigación en la cual el corpus de análisis quedó conformado por la Resolución 3182/09 que le dio origen, así como, artículos académicos en tanto indagaciones preliminares, observaciones participantes, transcripciones de las notas de campo y de las entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a cooperativistas y personas funcionarias municipales.

El siguiente artículo analiza el problema del agua en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina, a través de las solicitudes enviadas por sus habitantes a Juan Domingo Perón entre 1951-1952. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo es que la escasez de dicho recurso en el territorio constituía un asunto de alta conflictividad desde décadas previas a la llegada del gobierno peronista, que estructuró los modos de narrar la provincia como un espacio difícil e infértil para la vida y el trabajo. Para ello, analizamos las posiciones que asumieron los círculos de opinión, intelectuales y políticos durante los años treinta y cuarenta, lo que permitirá entender cómo se estructuró el imaginario de posibilidad e imposibilidad de la imaginación colectiva, o qué proyectos y obras hídricas adquirían valor prioritario para resolver el problema del agua en la provincia. El trabajo finaliza mostrando cómo en el vínculo que el poblador rural establece con el líder político y máxima autoridad estatal, a partir de la formulación de su demanda, éste traza un escenario provincial en el que re-imagina las capacidades del territorio como un espacio fértil, rico y prioritario para el crecimiento y el progreso. A partir de este trayecto mostraremos qué características asumieron desde distintos sectores dos procesos histórico-políticos altamente significativos (el problema del agua y el peronismo) en un contexto específico. ; The following article analyzes the water problem in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, through the requests sent by its inhabitants to Juan Domingo Perón between 1951-1952. The hypothesis is that the shortage of this resource in the territory was a high conflict issue since decades before the arrival of the Peronist government, which structured the ways of narrates the province as a difficult and infertile space to live in. In order to do this, we analyze the positions assumed by the opinion, intellectual and political circles during the 1930s and 1940s, that will allow us to understand how the imaginary of possibility and impossibility was structured, or which political projects, refered to water, acquired priority value to solve the water problem in the province. The articule ends by showing how in the link that the rural settler establishes with the political leader and maximum state authority, from the formulation of his demand, they re-imagines the capacities of the territory as a fertile space, rich and central for growth and progress. This review shows which characteristics assumed, from different social sectors, two highly significant historical-political processes (the water problem and Peronism) in a specific context. ; Fil: Vargas, Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (Argentina)

This study focuses on workplace diversity and inclusion in the Netherlands, and its possible relation to workplace conflicts. Semi-structured interviews were used. Gathered data was analysed by means of template analysis, including "a priori" and "a posteriori" themes and codes. Diversity and inclusion was explored within 14 medium and large sized organisations located in the Netherlands. Many researchers have proven that diversity initiatives are closely related to organisational performance and can enable recognisable competitive advantage. Other critics notice that outcomes of highly diverse workplaces are mixed. Results show that effective diverse workplaces are in need of the right diversity management, and creation of an inclusive environment. Unsuccessful diversity management can lead to a lack of understanding and acknowledgement of others' differences. Interpersonal conflicts are seen between diverse groups. These relational conflicts are not always clearly related to diverse groups and discrimination. The way discrimination is expressed over the last years has changed in the Netherlands. A shift towards discrimination against ethnicity and religious beliefs is seen, influenced by the Dutch politics and the media. The most important long-term challenges are not related with workplace conflicts but do relate to diversity. Four generations in one workforce and the tightening labour market are expected to challenge organisations in the Netherlands. ; estudo é focado em diversidade e inclusão no local de trabalho na Holanda, e sua possível relação com conflitos no local de trabalho. Entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram usadas. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados por meios de template analysis, incluindo "a priori" e "a posteriori" temas e codificação. Diversidade e inclusão foram explorados em 14 organizações de médio e grande porte na Holanda. Muitos pesquisadores provaram que iniciativas pró-diversidade são relacionadas à performance organizacional e podem aumentar sua vantagem competitiva. Outros críticos mostram que os resultados provenientes de locais de trabalho com algo grau de diversidade são mistos. Resultados mostram que locais de trabalho com diversidade necessitam de um correto gerenciamento de diversidade e criação de um ambiente inclusivo. Um gerenciamento mal-sucedido da diversidade pode levar a ausência de entendimento e reconhecimento das diferenças nos outros. Conflitos interpessoais existem entrem grupos diversos. Estes conflitos relacionais nem sempre são claramente relacionados a grupos diversos e discriminação. A maneira pela qual discriminação é descrita ao longo dos últimos anos tem mudado na Holanda. Uma tendência para discriminação contra etnicidades e crenças religiosas pode ser vista, influenciada pela mídia e política holandesa. Os desafios mais importantes a longo prazo não são relacionados com conflitos no local de trabalho, porém podem ser relacionados com diversidade. Quatro gerações em uma única força de trabalho e um mercado de trabalho mais estreito podem vir a desafiar as organizações na Holanda.

Trabajo desarrollado bajo la financiación del proyecto "Soil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping Systems" (773903), coordinado por José Alfonso Gómez Calero, investigador del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) ; Management of agricultural fields according to spatial and temporal variability is an important aspect of precision agriculture. Precision management relies on division of a field into areas with homogeneous characteristics, management zones (MZs), which are likely affected by multiple, interrelated factors. We present a method, based on machine learning and spatial statistics, to analyze the spatial relationship between a set of variables and determine management zones in a vineyard. The method involves: (1) fitting a model that quantifies the relationship between multiple variables and yield; (2) fitting a model that quantifies the effect of the spatial variability of multiple variables on yield spatial characteristics; and (3) developing a weighted multivariate spatial clustering model as a method to determine MZs. Twelve variables were sampled for 3893 vines in the wine grape vineyard. These variables included soil properties, terrain characteristics, and environmental impact, as well as crop-condition, using indices calculated from remote sensing images. The predictor variables were spatially characterized using hot-spot analysis (Getis Ord Gi* Z-score values) to assess their spatial variability. A gradient boosted regression trees (BRT) algorithm was used to analyze the spatial multivariable effect on yield spatial characteristics. MZs were determined using multivariate K-means clustering, with relative weights given to the predictors, based on their relative influence on yield spatial variability provided by the BRT model. This method was compared to ordinary K-means clustering and K-means with spatial representation of the variables without weights using a dissimilarity index and spatial autocorrelation measures. Model performance was found to be very high and demonstrated that among the evaluated predictors, crop condition indices were the most important regressors for yield and its spatial characteristics. The weighted multivariate spatial clustering was found to perform better in terms of separability of the points and their spatial distribution than the other two clustering techniques. Quantifying yield and its within-field spatial variability, ranking the effects of the predictors and their spatial variabilities, and segmentation of MZs through multivariable spatial analysis, are expected to benefit irrigation management and agricultural decision-making processes. ; This research is a part of The "Eugene Kendel" Project for Development of Precision Drip Irrigation funded via the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Israel (Grant No. 20-12-0030). This project has also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903. ; Peer reviewed

Machiavelli's man was described, praised by the philosophers and artists of the Renaissance: he was the man who "is given to have what he wants and be what he wants", who does not believe in astrological conceptions. The phenomenon of power, after the birth of new states and new social relations had changed, emerging organizations and radios of influence emerged. Machiavelli naked, values strength and power becoming his reasons for his modern state. The research work was developed in a documentary historical exploratory methodology, whose main theme is the characteristics that show Machiavelli's thinking and instrumental reason as factors of power and Eurocentric domain present in education and public management from colonization to the present day, evidencing the manipulation of man and the modern conception of politics as a calculating technique of dominance with the depredation of nature. The investigation resulted in: the instrumental reason of positivist origin in an omnipotent, efficient instrument, at the service of useful objectives with the defense to the supremacy granted to public management policy, legitimizes the means and instruments for its action can be developed to the interests of the State. Education with instrumental rationality is a form of domain integrated into a world system, with a Eurocentric hegemonic thinking. ; Recibido: 23 de abril de 2019Aprobado: 1 de junio de 2019RESUMENEl hombre de Maquiavelo era descrito, alabado por los filósofos y artistas del Renacimiento: era el hombre al que "le es dado tener lo que desea y ser lo que quiere", que no cree en concepciones astrológicas. El fenómeno del poder, a partir del nacimiento de nuevos Estados y nuevas relaciones sociales había cambiado, surgían incipientes organizaciones y radios de influencia del mismo. Maquiavelo desnuda, valora la fuerza y el poder convirtiéndose en sus razones para su Estado moderno. El trabajo investigativo se desarrolló en una metodología exploratorio histórico documental, cuya temática principal son las características que evidencian el pensamiento de Maquiavelo y la razón instrumental como factores de poder y dominio eurocéntrico presentes en la educación y la gerencia publica desde la colonización hasta nuestros días, evidenciándose la manipulación del hombre y la concepción moderna de la política como una técnica calculadora de dominio con la depredación de la naturaleza. La investigación arrojó como resultado: la razón instrumental de origen positivista en instrumento omnipotente, eficiente, al servicio de objetivos útiles con la defensa a la supremacía que le otorga a la política de la gerencia pública, legitima los medios e instrumentos para su acción pueda desarrollarse a los intereses del Estado. La educación con racionalidad instrumental, es una forma de dominio integrada a un sistema mundo, con un pensamiento hegemónico eurocéntrico.