Suchergebnisse

The majority of wood-boring ambrosia beetles are strongly attracted to ethanol, a behavior which could be exploited for management within ornamental nurseries. A series of experiments was conducted to determine if ethanol-based interception techniques could reduce ambrosia beetle pest pressure. In two experiments, trap trees injected with a high dose of ethanol were positioned either adjacent or 1015 m from trees injected with a low dose of ethanol (simulating a mildly stressed tree) to determine if the high-dose trap trees could draw beetle attacks away from immediately adjacent stressed nursery trees. The high-ethanol-dose trees sustained considerably higher attacks than the low-dose trees; however, distance between the low- and high-dose trees did not significantly alter attack rates on the low-dose trees. In a third experiment, 60-m length trap lines with varying densities of ethanol-baited traps were deployed along a forest edge to determine if immigrating beetles could be intercepted before reaching sentinel traps or artificially stressed sentinel trees located 10 m further in-field. Intercept trap densities of 2 or 4 traps per trap line were associated with fewer attacks on sentinel trees compared to no traps, but 7 or 13 traps had no impact. None of the tested intercept trap densities resulted in significantly fewer beetles reaching the sentinel traps. The evaluated ethanol-based interception techniques showed limited promise for reducing ambrosia beetle pressure on nursery trees. An interception effect might be enhanced by applying a repellent compound to nursery trees in a pushpull strategy. ; USDA Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (FNRI) [58-3607-3-984]; USDA-NIFA Evans Allen fund [0232937] ; We thank Josh Basham, Joseph Lampley, Debbie Eskandarnia, and Megan Patton (Tennessee State University [TSU]) for assistance with data collection and beetle identifications. This project was partially funded by the USDA Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative (FNRI Agreement Number 58-3607-3-984) and USDA-NIFA Evans Allen funding (0232937). ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

Feste Biomasse stellt heute den größten Anteil an erneuerbarer Wärme und ihre Nutzung wird durch verschiedene Instrumente angereizt. Gleichzeitig sind jedoch die nachhaltig nutzbaren Bioenergiepotenziale in Deutschland begrenzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die zentrale Frage des Projektes BioWISE, wie bestehende Instrumente und Regelungen so angepasst werden können, dass die Nachfrage nach fester Biomasse im Wärmesektor gemindert wird. Es wurden fünf Instrumente zur Analyse und Anpassung ausgewählt. Die Wirkungsanalyse der angepassten Instrumentenvorschläge zeigt, dass ein restriktiver Instrumentenmix notwendig ist, die angestrebten Obergrenzen für den Einsatz fester Biobrennstoffe für Gebäudewärme zu erreichen. Kommt es aufgrund der 65 % Erneuerbare-Energien-Regelung zu einer deutlich erhöhten Nachfrage von Holzzentralheizungen, ist die Zielgröße nur knapp erreichbar. Diese dürfen nur noch in Gebäuden der beiden niedrigsten Effizienzklassen eingesetzt werden und müssen mit Solarthermieanlagen kombiniert werden. Gleichzeitig muss der Verbrauch fester Biomasse in Einzelraumfeuerungen durch Anpassungen der 1. BImSchV deutlich reduziert werden. Feste Biomassebrennstoffe zeigen eine hohe Heterogenität in ihren Brennstoffeigenschaften. Es wurde ein methodischer Ansatz entwickelt, wie im Modellverbund bei der Allokation fester Biomassebrennstoffe auf Sektoren die Brennstoffherkunft bzw. die Brennstoffeigenschaft fester Biobrennstoffe berücksichtigt werden kann.

Dieser Bericht entstand im Rahmen zweier Projekte, die aktuell im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamts durchgeführt werden: BioWISE1 und BioSINK2. Im Fokus des Projektes BioWISE steht die Nutzung fester Biomasse im Wärmesektor mit der zentralen Frage, wie Regelungen so angepasst werden können, dass die Nachfrage nach fester Biomasse im Wärmesektor und die damit möglicherweise verbundenen negativen Umweltauswirkungen gemindert werden. Im Projekt BioSINK hingegen steht die Waldsenke im Vordergrund und es wird untersucht, wie diese im In- und Ausland durch die energetische Nutzung von Waldholz beeinflusst wird. Im Spannungsfeld des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien, inklusive Energieholz aus dem Wald, und der nötigen Senkenleistung der Waldfläche hat der vorliegende Bericht zum Ziel, einen Überblick über die derzeitigen Nutzungsströme der Holzenergie sowie den Außenhandel mit Holzenergieprodukten in Deutschland zu geben. Des Weiteren erfolgt eine Beschreibung solcher Regelungen und Förderinstrumenten, die die Nutzungsströme von Holzenergie maßgeblich beeinflussen. Im Anschluss wird geprüft, welche Regelungen in Bezug auf die Erfüllung von Nachhaltigkeitskriterien und Treibhausgasemissionsgrenzen derzeit für Bioenergie gelten und ob, bzw. wie diese auf die Holznutzung beschränkend wirken. Zu guter Letzt wird ein Blick ins Ausland und den dort gültigen Regulierungen, Förderinstrumenten und Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten zur Steuerung von Holznutzung im Wärmebereich geworfen.

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the association of sociodemographic and health-related determinants with social isolation in relation to family and friends in the oldest-old.

Methods
Database was the multi-center prospective AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe cohort study assessed at follow-up wave 5 (N = 1148; mean age 86.6 years (SD 3.0); 67% female). Social isolation was assessed using the short form of the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). The LSNS-6 contains two sets of items establishing psychometrically separable subscales for isolation from family and friends (ranges 0–15 points), with lower scores indicating higher isolation. Cross-sectional linear (OLS) regression analyses were used to examine multivariate associations of sociodemographic and health-related determinants with social isolation from family and friends.

Results
Overall, n = 395 participants (34.6%) were considered socially isolated. On average, isolation was higher from friends (mean 6.0, SD 3.8) than from family (mean 8.0, SD 3.5). Regression results revealed that in relation to family, males were more socially isolated than females (β = − 0.68, 95% CI − 1.08, − 0.28). Concerning friends, increased age led to more isolation (β = − 0.12, 95% CI − 0.19, − 0.05) and functional activities of daily living to less isolation (β = 0.36, 95% CI 0.09, 0.64). Independent of the social context, depression severity was associated with more social isolation, whereas cognitive functioning was associated with less social isolation.

Conclusions
Different determinants unequally affect social isolation in relation to family and friends. The context of the social network should be incorporated more strongly regarding the detection and prevention of social isolation to sustain mental and physical health.

Abstract
The rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops at the end of the 20th century caused a simplification of weed management that relied heavily on glyphosate for weed control. However, the effectiveness of glyphosate has diminished. A greater understanding of trends related to glyphosate use will shed new light on weed adaptation to a product that transformed global agriculture. Objectives were to (1) quantify the change in weed control efficacy from postemergence (POST) glyphosate use on troublesome weeds in corn and soybean and (2) determine the extent to which glyphosate preceded by a preemergence (PRE) improved the efficacy and consistency of weed control compared to glyphosate alone. Herbicide evaluation trials from 24 institutions across the United States of America and Canada from 1996 to 2021 were compiled into a single database. Two subsets were created; one with glyphosate applied POST, and the other with a PRE herbicide followed by glyphosate applied POST. Within each subset, mean and variance of control ratings for seven problem weed species were regressed over time for nine US states and one Canadian province. Mean control with POST glyphosate alone decreased over time while variability in control increased. Glyphosate preceded by a labeled PRE herbicide showed little change in mean control or variability in control over time. These results illustrate the rapid adaptation of agronomically important weed species to the paradigm-shifting product glyphosate. Including more diversity in weed management systems is essential to slowing weed adaptation and prolonging the usefulness of existing and future technologies.

Context. From the approximately 3500 planetary nebulae (PNe) discovered in our Galaxy, only 14 are known to be members of the Galactic halo. Nevertheless, a systematic search for halo PNe has never been performed. Aims. In this study, we present new photometric diagnostic tools to identify compact PNe in the Galactic halo by making use of the novel 12-filter system projects, Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) and Southern-Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS). Methods. We reconstructed the Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric H alpha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane diagnostic diagram and propose four new ones using (i) the J-PLUS and S-PLUS synthetic photometry for a grid of photo-ionisation models of halo PNe, (ii) several observed halo PNe, as well as (iii) a number of other emission-line objects that resemble PNe. All colour-colour diagnostic diagrams are validated using two known halo PNe observed by J-PLUS during the scientific verification phase and the first data release (DR1) of S-PLUS and the DR1 of J-PLUS. Results. By applying our criteria to the DR1s (similar to 1190 deg(2)), we identified one PN candidate. However, optical follow-up spectroscopy proved it to be a HII region belonging to the UGC 5272 galaxy. Here, we also discuss the PN and two HII galaxies recovered by these selection criteria. Finally, the cross-matching with the most updated PNe catalogue (HASH) helped us to highlight the potential of these surveys, since we recover all the known PNe in the observed area. Conclusions. The tools here proposed to identify PNe and separate them from their emission-line contaminants proved to be very efficient thanks to the combination of many colours, even when applied - like in the present work - to an automatic photometric search that is limited to compact PNe. © ESO 2020 ; The authors acknowledge anonymous referee for very insightful comments and for helping us to significantly improve our paper. We thank J.A. Caballero and R. Lopes de Oliveira for their useful comments and suggestions. L.A.G.S. acknowledges the support of CAPES-the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education within the Ministry of Education of Brazil. D.R.G. thanks the partial support of CNPq (grant 304184/2016-0) and S.A. acknowledges CAPES for a fellowship from the National Postdoctoral Program (PNPD). L.G. was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 839090. R.L.O. was partially supported by the Brazilian agency CNPq (PQ 302037/2015-2). This work is based on observations made with the JAST/T80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre (OAJ), in Teruel, owned, managed and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon. Funding for the J-PLUS Project has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragon throug the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO: under grants AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789 and ICTS-2009-14), and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685). The Brazilian agencies FAPESP and the National Observatory of Brazil have also contributed to this project. We acknowledge the OAJ Data Processing and Archiving Unit (UPAD) for reducing and calibrating the OAJ data used in this work. This study used data collected at the T80-South, a new 0.826 m telescope carried out by S-PLUS project. The T80-South robotic telescope (Mendes de Oliveira et al. 2019) was founded as a partnership between the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), the Observatorio Nacional (ON), the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) and the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), with important financial and practical contributions from other collaborating institutes in Brazil, Chile (Universidad de La Serena) and Spain (CEFCA). We want to thank to the S-PLUS team for the reducing and calibrating of the data. This research has made use of the HASH PN database at hashpn.space. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS web site is www.sdss.org. SDSS-IV is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo, the Korean Participation Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatories of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatario Nacional / MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Oxford, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and Yale University. ; Peer reviewed