Suchergebnisse

The main purpose of the study is to investigate whether regional data are able to finance early childhood education settings according to their need. Against the background of constraints in public resources on the one hand and the challenge to tackle educational inequality on the other hand, the current academic and political discussion regards needs-based resource allocation to be a promising answer to both demands. This requires the indicators used to allocate resources to accurately capture the characteristics that result in a greater financial need of educational institutions with respect to educational inequalities. In this regard, policy makers often face a dilemma between available data on the one hand and the quality of these data on the other hand. A possible solution to this dilemma could be the use of statistical data on the level of city districts as an objective and non-manipulable indicator that is easily at hand. However, the employment of these data is only valid if the districts' social composition is similar to the composition of the settings in those districts. I employ data on different needs indicators on both levels in one municipality and analyze their correlation. The results indicate that the characteristics of the districts and their respective preschool settings do not match sufficiently to be an adequate indicator in needs-based resource allocation. (DIPF/Orig.) ; Die Studie untersucht, ob vorliegende Daten der kommunalen Sozialberichterstattung sinnvoll eingesetzt werden können, um Kindertageseinrichtungenbedarfs orientiert zu finanzieren. Vor dem Hintergrund begrenzter öffentlicher Finanzmittel und der Herausforderung, bestehende Bildungsungleichheiten abzubauen, erscheint akademischen und politischen Diskussionen zufolge eine bedarfsorientierte Finanzierung von Bildungseinrichtungen als geeignete Strategie, beide Anforderungen gleichermaßen zu erfüllen. Eine solche Ressourcenallokation erfordert den Einsatz von Indikatoren, die den Mittelbedarf der Einrichtungen hinreichend genau erfassen. Häufig ist die Suche nach Indikatoren durch ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen einer ausreichenden Datenverfügbarkeit und -qualität gekennzeichnet. Ein möglicher Ausweg könnte die Verwendung von statistischen Daten auf Stadtteilebene sein, die im Rahmen der kommunalen Sozialberichterstattung vorliegen und zugleich objektiv und nicht-manipulativ sind. Dies setzt voraus, dass die in der Sozialraumstatistik berichtete soziale Komposition der Stadtteile ausreichend genau die Komposition in den Einrichtungen widerspiegelt. Um dies zu überprüfen, werden verschiedene Bedarfsindikatoren auf beiden Analyseebenen mit Hilfe von Korrelationsanalysen zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass die Eigenschaften der Stadtteile und der in diesen liegenden Kindertageseinrichtungen nicht ausreichend übereinstimmen. (DIPF/Orig.)

A measurement of the total pp cross section at the LHC at s=7 TeV is presented. In a special run with high- β⋆ beam optics, an integrated luminosity of 80 μb −1 was accumulated in order to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable t . The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the |t| range from 0.01 GeV2 to 0.1 GeV2 to extrapolate to |t|→0 , the total cross section, σtot(pp→X) , is measured via the optical theorem to be: σtot(pp→X)=95.35±0.38(stat.)±1.25(exp.)±0.37(extr.)mb, where the first error is statistical, the second accounts for all experimental systematic uncertainties and the last is related to uncertainties in the extrapolation to |t|→0 . In addition, the slope of the elastic cross section at small |t| is determined to be B=19.73±0.14(stat.)±0.26(syst.) GeV−2 . ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. ...

Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Facultad de Historia. Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Historia ; In this paper a study that sets of circumstances in which it does reordering of land in Sinaloa, and some of its peculiarities is. The impact that this process is in the way it is conceived and promoted by the Mexican government in the period from 1917 to 1940. The above described scenario is developed in the framework of the Mexican Revolution, hence the size and significance of the dispute of the property, and the participation of stakeholders, local and national, in their actions or omissions, individually and collectively, to should respond to social expectations in many cases I think the Revolution. The theoretical proposal on which the study rests is a set of mink that start with the Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial Past falls into a Latin American vision known as Decoloniality, even though the latter treatment and evidence of its application has some limitations no longer present. ; En el presente trabajo se hace un estudio que precise parte de las circunstancias en las que desarrolla la reordenación de la tierra en Sinaloa, así como algunas de sus particularidades. Las repercusiones que este proceso tiene en la forma como es concebido e impulsado por el Estado mexicano en el periodo de 1917 a 1940. El escenario antes descrito se desarrolla en el marco de la Revolución Mexicana, de ahí la dimensión y significancia de la disputa de ese bien, así como la participación de los actores, locales y nacionales, en sus acciones u omisiones, individuales y colectivos, que debían responder a las expectativas sociales que en muchos casos creo la Revolución. La propuesta teórica sobre la que descansa el estudio es un conjunto de visones que inician con los Estudios Subalternos, los Pasados Poscoloniales y cae en una visión latinoamericanista conocida como Decolonialidad, aun cuando de esta última el trato y la evidencia de su aplicación tiene alguna limitación, no deja de esta presente.

I noticed during the last years of my research that when it comes to data law, people are only interested into data protection, human rights etc.As a result, data law is often reduced as data protection law or, even worse, as "privacy law". Such a point of view is not wrong because data law do protect – or at least genuinely tries to protect – privacy, human rights etc. But by doing so, one is likely to refer only to a small part of data law and, what is worse, not to the essential part of it.Before going further, let me be clear about something: my point is not to minimize the interest of data protection. My point is to cast some light upon the dark side of data law: the freedom of data processing. More precisely, my point is that although data protection is important, it has not led legislators to adopt instruments promoting personal data secrecy.As a matter of fact, it is quite the opposite. Indeed, everyone can notice in his or her everyday life that data aw instruments do not prevent from personal data processing. And there is, in my opinion, the real purpose of data law instruments: promoting personal data processing by giving them legal security. In other words, paving them the legal way.More precisely, data law instruments aim at setting legal frame for data processing system and – thus – to computer science, so that its full development can be compatible with human rights. In other words, data law instruments try to humanize computer science uses, not to annihilate them. ; L'objet de ce travail est de démontrer que le droit des données personnelles ne se réduit pas au droit à la protection des données personnelles. En effet, il existe une thèse dominante au terme de laquelle le droit des données personnelles a pour objet exclusif la protection de la personne fichée et constitue, en tant que tel, un élément de la protection de la vie privée.Or, une telle lecture procède d'une isolation clinique de certaines dispositions essentielles au sein des instruments relatifs aux données personnelles. Le droit ...

Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research on Peacebuilding 4 1.2 Agency and Process: Peacebuilding as Negotiation 7 1.3 Findings: Negotiated Peacebuilding in Bosnia 9 1.4 Outline of the Thesis 11 Part I: Researching Peacebuilding as Negotiation 15 2 Conceptual framework 17 2.1 Studying Negotiations 19 2.2 The Peacebuilding Field 22 2.3 Actors in the Peacebuilding Field 30 2.4 Interests in the Peacebuilding Field 33 2.5 Resources 36 2.6 Strategies 45 2.7 The Outcome: Appropriating Intervention 52 2.8 Concluding Summary 53 3 Framework of Analysis 55 3.1 Interests 55 3.2 Resources 56 3.3 Strategies 57 3.4 Outcomes 57 3.5 Outline of the Empirical Chapters 58 4 Research Methods 61 4.1 Approach: Interpretive and Reconstructive 61 4.2 Cases 63 4.3 Accessing Data 65 4.4 Data Analysis 67 4.5 Quality Criteria: Trustworthiness 70 4.6 Locating the Researcher and Access to the Field 74 Part II: Peacebuilding Negotiations in Bosnia 77 5 The Peacebuilding Field in Bosnia 79 5.1 The End of Yugoslavia 79 5.2 The Bosnian Political Elites 83 5.3 The Interveners 102 5.4 Concluding Summary 116 6 Defense Reform 119 6.1 Background to Defense Reform 120 6.2 The Field in Defense Reform 127 6.3 The Story of Defense Reform 134 6.4 Strategies in Defense Reform 141 6.5 Outcomes: Success and Failure in Defense Reform 151 6.6 Concluding Summary 153 7 Police Reform 157 7.1 Background to Police Reform 157 7.2 The Peacebuilding Field in Police Reform 162 7.3 The Story of Structural Police Reform 169 7.4 Strategies in Police Reform 177 7.5 Outcome: Success and Failure in Police Reform 189 7.6 Concluding Summary 189 8 State Property 191 8.1 Background 192 8.2 The Peacebuilding Field for State Property 193 8.3 Negotiating the division of state property 199 8.4 Strategies 207 8.5 Outcome 216 8.6 Concluding Summary 217 Part III: Discussion and Conclusions 219 9 Patterns of Negotiation 221 9.1 Interests 222 9.2 Resources 224 9.3 Strategies 230 9.4 Outcomes 238 9.5 Concluding Summary 240 10 Peacebuilding in Practice 241 10.1 The Trouble with Exit ...

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ; Searching for Darwinian selection in natural populations has been the focus of a multitude of studies over the last decades. Here we present the 1000 Genomes Selection Browser 1.0 (http://hsb.upf.edu) as a resource for signatures of recent natural selection in modern humans. We have implemented and applied a large number of neutrality tests as well as summary statistics informative for the action of selection such as Tajima's D, CLR, Fay and Wu's H, Fu and Li's F* and D*, XPEHH, ΔiHH, iHS, FST, ΔDAF and XPCLR among others to low coverage sequencing data from the 1000 genomes project (Phase 1; release April 2012). We have implemented a publicly available genome-wide browser to communicate the results from three different populations of West African, Northern European and East Asian ancestry (YRI, CEU, CHB). Information is provided in UCSC-style format to facilitate the integration with the rich UCSC browser tracks and an access page is provided with instructions and for convenient visualization. We believe that this expandable resource will facilitate the interpretation of signals of selection on different temporal, geographical and genomic scales. © 2013 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press. ; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain); Direcció General de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya (Grup de Recerca Consolidat 2009 SGR 1101); Subprogram BMC [BFU2010-19443 awarded to J.B.]; Post-doctoral scholarship from the Volkswagenstiftung [Az: I/85 198 to J.E.]; Spanish government [BFU-2008-01046; SAF2011-29239]; The Spanish government FPI scholarships [BES-2009-017731 and BES-2011-04502 to G.M.D. and M.P., respectively]; PhD fellowship from 'Acción Estratégica de Salud, en el marco del Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2008-2011' from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (to P.L.). Funding for open access charge: Prof. Jaume Bertranpetit. ; Peer Reviewed

Spanish Civil War films have traditionally been made according to the schemes of the political, social and historical drama. Over the last ten years, in addition to that dramatic tradition a new generation of movies has distanced itself from historical rigor, social and political reflections and the revision of the memory. This article looks at a group of contemporary fantasy and horror Spanish films: El mar / The Sea (2000) and Pa negre / Black Bread (2010), by Agustí Villaronga; El espinazo del Diablo I The Devil's Backbone (2001) and El laberinto del fauno / Pan's Labyrinth (2006), by the Mexican Guillermo del Toro; just as Alex de la Iglesia's Balada triste de trompeta / The Last Circus (2010). All of them have a common topic: a childhood traumatized by the disasters of war. This essay explores how the fiction mechanisms allow such a stylized film genre treatment to deal with these controversial topics in terms of emotions and ideology. One of the most useful instruments utilized in this material is the poetic nature of the "uncanny", which whose versatility is analyzed in the mentioned movies. ; Este artículo aborda el estudio de un conjunto de películas de la primera década del siglo XXI que, con el trasfondo de la Guerra Civil y la Posguerra, han construido relatos desde las coordenadas del cine fantástico y de terror. Estas películas que se distancian de la tradición del drama social y político, evidencian una forma distinta de mirar y sentir la historia española. Las películas a las que nos referimos son: El espinazo del diablo (2001) y El laberinto del fauno (2006), ambas de Guillermo del Toro; Balada triste de trompeta (2010), de Álex de la Iglesia; y El mar (2000) y Pa negre (2010), de Agustí Villaronga. En todas ellas hay un tema común: una infancia traumatizada por los desastres de la guerra. A través del presente artículo se analizarán estos relatos tomando como eje fundamental la presencia del concepto estético de "lo siniestro", auténtico motor ficcional para el sustrato histórico de estos ...

El problema de la propiedad indígena fue de suma importancia en los primeros años de vida republicana de los países latinoamericanos. La adaptación del sistema jurídico del antiguo régimen frente a las nuevas concepciones del Estado, tuvieron que sopesar, además, diversas cargas políticas que estaban en juego con el nacimiento de los estados modernos. Para el caso de Colombia, el proceso legal sobre este tipo de propiedad tuvo características diferenciadas de región en región, y contó con mayor impacto en lugares como la provincia de Popayán, donde existió una alta densidad poblacional indígena. El siguiente artículo presenta una evolución del manejo político y jurídico que se le dio a la propiedad indígena, en la provincia de Popayán entre los años 1832 y 1857. ; Indigenous land property was a top importance issue in the early ages of the republican life of Latin American countries. Adaptation of the old regime ?s legal system, to accomplish with the new conceptions of the State, had to weigh up the numerous political hitches at stake on the birth time of modern states. The Colombian ?s legal process had different characteristics perceived from one region to another, for this kind of property. I also had a greater impact in places such as the Popayan province, where the indigenous population was at a high concentration. This article displays a sequence on the evolution of the legal and political management of the indigenous ownership in the province of Popayan between 1832 and 1857. ; O assunto da propriedade indígena revestiu muita importância nos primeiros anos da vida republicana dos países latino-americanos. A adaptação do sistema jurídico do antigo regime às novas concepções de Estado necessitava abranger vários obstáculos políticos que surgiram com o nascimento dos Estados modernos. No caso da Colômbia, o processo legal para este tipo de propriedade apresentava características diferentes segundo as regiões, tendo um maior impacto em lugares como a província de Popayan, onde existia uma alta densidade de população indígena. Este artigo apresenta uma evolução da gestão política e legal referente à pose da terra por parte dos povos indígenas na província de Popayan entre 1832 e 1857.

The issue of social justice as ethical and political problem in the globalized world, within contemporary democratic societies, is the company legal and political and ethical-moral undertaking the best scholars of the humanities. This is the theme of that address two major contemporary thinkers Jürguen Habermas and John Rawls, each from their discipline of knowledge, but in both cases through the methodology implementation involve conceptual gadget, procedural social actors, into a contractual agreement, which would act as guarant or political ethical achieving Justice. However, these authors raises their conceptual buildings beyond, behind, from the concrete realities of indigenous ethno-culturally well established. It is there, where I propose to address the issue from the field of education, instead of thinking only follow from political or from the ethical, for which the concept of critical pluralism as opposed to contractual consensus, raised by the Canadian philosopher Peter McLaren, enter to filling conceptual gaps in these theories in favor of a more real and human theory. ; El tema de la justicia social como problema ético-político en el mundo globalizado, al interior de las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas, es la empresa jurídico-política y ético-moral que emprenden los mejores académicos de las ciencias humanas. Es este el tema de que se ocupan dos de los principales pensadores contemporáneos John Rawls y Jürguen Habermas, cada uno desde su disciplina de conocimiento, pero en ambos casos a través de la implementación metodológica del artilugio conceptual de implicar procedimentalmente a los actores sociales, en un consenso contractual, que actuaría como garante ético-político en la consecución de la justica. No obstante, tales autores levantan sus edificios conceptuales allende, a espaldas de las realidades concretas de pueblos etno-culturalmente bien determinados. Es allí, donde propongo abordar la cuestión desde el ámbito educativo, en lugar de seguirlo pensando solo desde lo político o desde lo ético, para ello el concepto del pluralismo críticoen oposición al de consenso contractual, planteado por el filósofo Canadiense Peter McLaren, entraría a subsanar los vacíos conceptuales de estas teorías a favor de una teoría más real y humana.

This article was inspired by the recent publication of the books Heidegger l'introduccion du nazisme dans la philosophie, Autour des séminaires inédits de 1933-35 (Paris: Albin Michel, 2009) by french author Emmanuel Faye, and Heidegger de camino al Holocausto (Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva. 2008) by the Spanish writer Julio Quesada, which have stirred up once again the polemic over the relation of Heidegger's thought to National Socialism, in particular his theory of the "Truth of Being". Along with Victor Farias in his book Heidegger and Nazism (Temple University Press, 1989) and the above mentioned writers, I claim that in light of what Heidegger's most committed texts reveal, such as his Discourses, Conferences and Seminars of the rectorship period, his books on Hölderlin, Jünger and Nietzsche of the 1930 and 1940, along with the bulk of his philosophical output of the same period, such as his Beiträge zur Philosophie, Der Ereignis, his thought cannot be divorced from his political commitment to the "movement". ; Este artículo ha sido motivado por la reciente publicación del texto del francés Emmanuel Faye, Heidegger l'introduccion du nazisme dans la philosophie, Autour des séminaires inédits de 1933-35 (Paris: Albin Michel, 2009) y del español Julio Quesada, Heidegger de camino al Holocausto (Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva. 2008) con los cuales la polémica en torno a la vinculación del pensamiento de Heidegger, y particularmente de su teoría de la "Verdad del Seyn" con el nacionalsocialismo ha sido avivada. Como Víctor Farías con la publicación de su libro, Heidegger and Nazism (Temple University Press, 1989) los investigadores mencionados, y con ellos, también nosotros, creemos que a la luz de lo que revelan los textos más comprometidos de Heidegger como sus Discursos, conferencias y seminarios del período del Rectorado, sus libros sobre Hölderlin, Jünger y Nietzsche de los años 30 y 40 del pasado siglo, así como el grueso de su producción filosófica de los mismos años, como su Beiträge zur Philosophie, Der Ereignis no se puede desvincular su pensamiento (la mencionada teoría) de su compromiso político con el "movimiento".

This thesis examines the twenty-first century non-combat activities of China's armed forces as defined in a 2009 official release titled "Building Non-Combat Military Operation Ability" in order to understand the historical development, domestic drivers and broader implications of China's contemporary non-combat missions. The paper focuses primarily on disaster relief and domestic stability maintenance, two types of operations that are ideal for examining how the internal drivers of non-combat missions are manifested in practice. Both Chinese and Western PLA analysts frequently view non-combat activities primarily as a component of China's growing international military presence rather than analyzing the domestic scope and causes of these operations. Indeed, participation in international non-combat missions allows China's armed forces to achieve unprecedented operational experience outside of China's immediate periphery and has also helped enhance China's international soft power. This thesis, however, demonstrates that People's Liberation Army (PLA) and People's Armed Police (PAP) twenty-first century non-combat missions are chiefly designed to achieve domestic goals. These include maintaining regime stability, balancing complex civil-military relations, and preserving the PLA's image as an army "serving the people" amid complex internal and external national security environments. I argue that an "outward-looking" approach focused on the international ramifications of PLA and PAP non-combat operations is insufficient to fully understand these missions, and it can potentially distort our view of China's broader military development. As vital conduits for bolstering CCP regime stability, Chinese civil-military relations and the PLA's image as a people-centric force, China's twenty-first century domestic non-combat operations, driven by internal security challenges arising from socioeconomic, military and historical developments in post-reform China, will likely continue to grow in importance and scope as these trends persist and intensify, thereby ensuring that the military retains a prominent role in China. As a result, twenty-first century non-combat operations have the potential to impede outward Chinese military development rather than simply expand Chinese interests abroad as more resources are needed to pursue internal security objectives.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution of a sustainability network at a large California public university, as an example of organizational change.Design/methodology/approachThe paper combines participant observation and case study techniques over a three‐year period. From 2007 to 2010, the author helped found the university's Institute for Sustainability and sat on both the Institute's first Advisory Board and the university's first Core Green Team. The author also interviewed 19 key informants to the sustainability network, including upper administrators, physical plant management (PPM) staff, faculty, and students.FindingsThis campus sustainability initiative evolved over three decades in three phases. Phase I evolved from the 1980s in facilities management and student recycling because of changing environmental demands, the 1994 Northridge earthquake, and strong leadership who believed in developing human resources. In Phase II, faculty and Academic Affairs established the Institute for Sustainability. Phase III examines the current state at May 2010. Forces driving change include leaders' core values, incentives, communication, and community outreach. Forces inhibiting change relate to funding, information, policies, shared values, time, and training. Key informants defined success in campus sustainability as actions which: increase efficiency (and reduce waste); educate and prepare graduates for a fundamentally different world; achieve broad‐based support; and improve the university's sustainability image.Research limitations/implicationsThis study points to at least four avenues of future research. One, scholars interested in more completely revealing their organization's sustainability network can map it using social network analysis techniques. Two, scholars could seek to answer the extent to which a campus institute becomes a center of gravity or an excuse for others to step away. Three, scholars can directly measure the four parameters of success respondents in this study identified (increase efficiency/reduce waste, educate/prepare graduates, achieve broad‐based support, improve image). And four, scholars can examine how an organization's commitment to recycling affects its image.Originality/valueThis paper provides a longitudinal look at the evolution of a campus sustainability network. It highlights how sustainability efforts evolve in different parts of the university at different rates, and in the present case how PPM and facilities planning influenced Academic Affairs to embrace sustainability.

This is an attempt to study critically the emergence and development of the new religious movement Neo-Bud­- dhism from Hinduism, which has been facilitated by modem technology and education in India. As a powerful protest against the traditional cultural and economic order, as ex­- emplified by caste system, and a serious effort to usher in a radically new social and cultural order, Neo-Buddhism is sig­ nificant in understanding the contemporary Indian scenario. The two icons that we study are Ambedkar and Gandhi, both of whom have worked sincerely and tirelessly for the upliftment of those enslaved by the caste system. Their reli­- gious commitment and scientific openness are also discussed, with a view to understanding better the dynamics of Indian society. This paper argues that one's social upbringing and personal experience shape, to a large extent, if not totally determine, one's religious commitment and scientific openness. Gandhi was deeply concerned about the untouchables and he wanted to uplift them by being faithful to the cultural and religious system of Hinduism. This made him rather conservative or withdrawn towards scientific and technological innovations. On the other hand, Ambedkar's passionate commitment to the cause of the untouchables made him even give up his original religion and opt for another. Their life-experiences and diverging responses, I believe, have something to teach to the Indian Church. Where as in their lifetime Gandhi and Ambedkar were politi­- cal rivals, now, decades after their death, it should be pos­- sible to see their contributions as complementing one another's. The history of Dalit emancipation, advocated by both leaders, is unfinished, and for the most part unwritten. It should, and will, find space for many heroes. Ambedkar and Gandhi will do nicely for a start. In fact, Mahatma Gandhi was not so much the Father of the Nation as the mother of all debates regarding its future. His fight with Ambedkar con­ tinues even today and Ambedkar seems to be winning in the ...

Este trabajo es la reflexión de un estudio que vengo desarrollando sobre la categoría de epistemologías de la política educativas, a partir de tres tópicos: "epistemología del oprimido", la perspectiva interdisciplinaria y la "realidad extraña" que la atraviesan como potenciales para pensar la realidad Latinoamérica y obstaculizadores que de la perspectiva epistemológica de la política educativa y la justicia social en Latinoamérica. En fin, nuestra preocupación en la indagación que realizamos y que presentamos en este trabajo consiste en señalar la importancia de los posicionamientos epistemológicos como posicionamientos políticos, y así como posicionamientos éticos frente a la realidad regional. Para comprender, finalmente, como se despliegan, desde diversas perspectivas, no siempre explícitas, las investigaciones en política educativa en América Latina. Entrelazando conceptualmente los tópicos con la categoría de antro-poetica de Edgar Morín y la perspectiva de la Justicia Social. Sin realizar un examen exhaustivo de esta última categorías, sino tomándola como horizonte para la transformación. ; This paper is the reflection of a study that I have been developing the category of educational policy epistemologies, from three topics: epistemology of the oppressed, the interdisciplinary and strange reality that cross as potential reality to think that Latin America and hindering the epistemological perspective of educational policy and social justice in Latin America. Well our concern in the inquiry that we made and presented in this paper is to highlight the importance of epistemological positions as political posturing, and as ethical positions in front of the regional reality. To understand, finally, as displayed from various perspectives, not always explicit, research on education policy in Latin America. Conceptually intertwined topics under the category of anthropology ethic Edgar Morin and the prospect of social justice. Without a thorough examination of the latter category, but taking it as a goal for the transformation. ; Fil: Tello, César. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

International audience ; The two-fold aim of this paper is to outline a hitherto largely unknown history of evangelical Christianity among the Cambodian Bunong and to reflect upon aspects that may have been relevant in the encounters between Protestant missionaries and this minority population living in the highlands bordering with Vietnam. Relying on historical missionary accounts and on Bunong narratives gathered during fieldwork in Mondulkiri province, I will explore three moments of this meeting of different " thought-worlds"— from the lack of success of early evangelisation efforts during the colonial and post-independence era, over the first conversions during the Vietnam War, to the installation and limited spread of Christianity in liberated Cambodia from the 1980s to the 1990s. In these various political and socio-environmental contexts, particular attention is given to the part of ritual practice in the dynamic of conversion, as it appeared to be a topic shared by the animist highlanders and the evangelical emissaries. ; Cet article cherche à esquisser l'histoire peu connue de l'arrivée du christianisme évangélique parmi les Bunong du Cambodge. Il vise aussi à réfléchir sur des facteurs susceptibles d'avoir été déterminants pour le déroulement de ces premières rencontres entre des missionnaires protestants et cette population minoritaire vivant sur les hautes terres, à la frontière du Viêt-nam. À partir d'écrits missionnaires et de récits de vie bunong, recueillis dans la province de Mondulkiri, nous explorerons trois «moments » de cette rencontre entre différentes visions socio-cosmiques, ouvrant sur l'échec de l'évangélisation à l'époque coloniale et sous le régime post-indépendant, pour passer par les premières conversions lors de la guerre du Viêt-nam et finir par l'installation et la dispersion limitée du christianisme après la libération du Cambodge, dans les années 1980- 1990. Dans ces différents contextes politiques et socio-environnementaux, une attention particulière sera portée au rôle joué dans le processus de conversion par les pratiques rituelles. Celles-ci semblent avoir constitué un point d'intérêt partagé tant par les animistes des hautes terres que par les émissaires protestants.