Suchergebnisse

The article contains an analysis of Russia's foreign policy towards the Latin American continent in the first decade of the XXI century. The author points out the intensive development of contacts in different fields (political, economic, military-technical and humanitarian). A pluralistic feature of the Russian strategy towards the countries of the region and the absence of the confrontational agenda are emphasized.

This paper documents an exploratory meeting organized by the Pan American Health Organization, that gathered nurses from countries of Latin America, who identified the shortage and migration tendencies as an emerging area in need of investigation. The exploratory meeting was conducted under the direction of the Regional Advisor on Nursing and Allied Health Personnel at the Pan American Health Organization in collaboration with the nursing leadership of Latin America. Fifteen of the 19 Latin American Countries participated in the meeting including: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. All agreed that documentation was needed concerning the shortage and migration of nurses including its causes and effects, the distribution of professional nurses, and available public policies to support the needs of professional nurses in Latin America.

AbstractMara Salvatrucha (MS-13), founded in 1980s Los Angeles by Salvadoran immigrant youth, is today one of the largest street gangs in North and Central America. In recent years the group has acquired a reputation for extreme brutality and has ostensibly mutated into a fast-expanding, transnational organized crime network with possible ties to international terrorists. Drawing on key concepts in gang research and multiple methodological tools, this article seeks to sharpen understanding of MS-13's structure and activities. While the group is active in many countries, it is transnational only in a symbolic manner, not in its configuration or span of authority. Impelled largely by Central American gang-suppression policies, MS-13 has evolved from a traditional street gang into a group with organized crime characteristics, but it remains a social phenomenon rooted in urban marginality. Ultimately, a more nuanced picture of Mara Salvatrucha can inform the search for more effective gang policies.

For decades, Latin America has been plagued by civil wars, dictatorships, torture, legacies of colonialism, racism, and inequality. The region has also experienced dramatic—if uneven—human rights improvements, shedding light on the politics of transformation. The accounts of how Latin America's people have dealt with the persistent threats to their fundamental rights offer lessons for people around the world. Human Rights in Latin America provides a comprehensive introduction to the human rights issues facing an area that constitutes more than half of the Western Hemisphere. This second edition brings together regional case studies and thematic chapters to explore cutting-edge issues and developments in the field. From historical accounts of abuse to successful transnational campaigns and legal battles, Human Rights in Latin America explores the dynamics underlying a vast range of human rights initiatives. In addition to surveying the roles of the United States, relatives of the disappeared, and truth commissions, Sonia Cardenas and Rebecca Root cover newer ground in addressing the colonial and ideological underpinnings of human rights abuses, emerging campaigns for gender and sexuality rights, and regional dynamics relating to the International Criminal Court. Engagingly written and fully illustrated, Human Rights in Latin America fills an important niche among human rights and Latin American textbooks. Ample supplementary resources—including discussion questions, interdisciplinary reading lists, filmographies, online resources, internship opportunities, and instructor assignments—make this an especially valuable text for use in human rights courses.

Hip-hop music has become an important tool worldwide for poor, marginalized youth to reflect on their lived experiences. This article traces the genre' s production from its spontaneous origins in the urban ghettos of New York to its commoditization for global consumption and its evolution in three different Latin American settings: Colombia, Cuba, and Mexico. The article explores how hip-hop has been appropriated in each country and has been used to express the performers' reflections on social, political, and economic problems. It also looks at the interplay between the homogenizing tendencies of global hip-hop and its local reception. Adapted from the source document.

A review essay on books by (1) Caio Tulio Costa, Cale-se ([Be Quiet] Sao Paulo: A Girafa, 2003); (2) John Dinges, The Condo Years: How Pinochet and His Allies Brought Terrorism to the Three Continents (New York: New Press, 2004); (3) Claudia Feld, Del estrado a la pantalla: las imagenes del jucio a los ex commandantes en Argentina ([Obstruction of the Justice System: The Images of the Judgment of the Former Commanders in Argentina] (New York: Social Science Research Council, 2002); (4) Ottoni Fernandes Junior, O bau do guerrilheiro: memorias da luta armada urbana no Brasil ([The Trunk of the Guerrilla: Memories of the Armed Urban Fight in Brazil] Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2004); (5) Elio Gaspari, As ilusoes armadas: a ditadura envergonhada ([The Armed Illusions: The Ashamed Dictatorship] Sao Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002); (6) Elio Gaspari, As ilusoes armadas: a ditadura escancarada ([The Armed Illusions: An Open Dictatorship] Sao Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002), (7) Elio Gaspari, O sacerdote e o feiticeiro: a ditadura derrotada ([The Priest and the Wizard: The Dictatorship Defeated] Sao Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2003); (8) Elio Gaspari, O sacerdote e o feiticeiro: a ditadura encurralada ([The Priest and the Wizard: The Dictatorship Penned In] Sao Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2004); (9) Martha Huggins, Mika Haritos-Fatouros and Philip G. Zimbardo, Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazialian Atrocities (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002); & (10) Elizabeth Jelin Los trabajos de la memoria ([The Work of Memory] New York: Social Science Research Council, 2002).

Argues that the US should promote development of oil and natural gas reserves in Latin America, as an alternative to Middle East sources, in response to the growing global demand for oil.

AbstractPolitical economists have argued that the design of political institutions bears important consequences for the quality of public policy, especially in areas like the privatization and regulation of utilities. Our study looks at how variations in key institutional traits of executive and legislative branches (specifically presidents' legislative powers, presidents' prerogatives to designate the director of the regulatory agency, and legislative fragmentation) affect investment in Latin American telecommunications, a critical sector for economic development. Institutional factors influence how easily executives and important political (legislative) parties can alter policies related to the telecommunications sector. We find that resolute institutional designs foster investment in the sector, but only under private ownership. For state‐owned firms, decisive institutional designs have better effects on investment.Related ArticlesMontes de Oca Barrera, and Laura Beatriz. 2019. "Persistent Exclusion in Mexico: Regulatory Governance as an Imperfect Project of Political Modernization."Politics & Policy47 (1): 127‐151.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12291Moreno, Erika, and Richard C. Witmer. 2015. "Where Capacity and Incentives Meet: Presidential Decree Authority and Property Rights in Latin America."Politics & Policy43 (3): 315‐346.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12118Wise, Carol, and Cintia Quiliconi. 2007. "China's Surge in Latin American Markets: Policy Challenges and Responses."Politics & Policy35 (3): 410‐438.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00067.x