Suchergebnisse

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :사회과학대학 사회복지학과,2019. 8. 강상경. ; 가족내의 노후 자원에 대한 공급 부족과 노인 수요의 증가가 중국의 노령화 문제를 점차 심각한 사회 문제로 만들고 있다. 이를 완화하기 위해 중국 정부는 관련 정책을 내놓았고 이를 바탕으로 다양한 거주 형태가 병존하는 양상이 나타났다. 그 중 주류형태는 지역거주와 시설거주이다. 노인들의 건강상태와 삶의 만족도는 각기 다른 거주형태에서 다르다. 하지만 현재의 선행연구들은 다른 신체건강 상태의 차이와 거주형태 간의 연관에 대한 결론이 일치되게 나타나지 않는다. 즉, 전반적으로 다른 수준의 신체건강과 거주형태를 선택하는 사이의 관계에 대한 일치된 결론은 아직은 없으니 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 거주형태, 신체건강 및 삶의 만족도 사이의 연관성을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 신체건강이 조절변수와 매개변수로 간주되어 거주형태가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향이 신체건강에 따라 변화하는지 여부를 탐색하고자 한다. 이 연구는 2019년 2월부터 3월까지 중국 판즈화시의 노인 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 분석자료로 사용한다. 이 중 150명은 지역거주였고 150명은 시설거주이다. 연구 질문 및 가설검증은 다중 회귀 분석을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역거주 노인과 시설거주 노인들은 삶의 만족도에 차이가 있으며, 시설거주 노인의 삶의 만족도는 지역거주 노인보다 낮았다. 돌째, 신체건강과 삶의 만족도 사이에는 정적인 관계가 있으며, 이는 신체건강이 좋은 노인들의 삶의 만족도가 더 높다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, IADL이 거주형태가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향에 조절효과가 있어, IADL이 높은 사람의 경우 지역거주 노인이 삶의 만족도가 높았고, IADL이 낮은 노인의 경우 시설거주가 삶의 만족도가 높았다. 넷째, IADL이 거주형태와 삶의 만족도에 유의미한 매개효과가 있다는 것을 보여주는데, 이는 거주형태가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향이 IADL의 매개효과를 통해 달성된다. 본 연구는 노인의 시각에서 출발하여 각기 다른 거주형태에 대한 그들의 진정한 욕구를 더 잘 이해하며, 거주형태가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향이 다른지를 연구하기 위해 신체건강을 조절변수/매개변수로 처음으로 사용된다. 또한, 본 연구는 중국 쓰촨성 판즈화시에서 진행된 설문조사 자료를 분석에 사용한다. 이 연구는 노인 심리학 분야의 학자들과 노후 서비스 제공자 같은 전문가들에게 참고가치를 가진다. 지역사회와 시설 모두 노인의 신체건강에 이로운 서비스와 활동을 개발하고 정신 건강에 더 많은 관심을 기울여야 한다. 또한 정부는 시설과 지방 병원 간의 장기적인 협력 관계를 촉진하고, 연금 관련 제도를 더욱 개선하여 경제적 관점에서 노인의 건강을 든든히 보장해 주어야 한다. 그러나 이 연구에는 몇 가지 한계가 있다. 이 연구는 중국 국내 이론 연구와 관련 척도의 부족으로 인해 중국 노인들의 특성을 소홀할 가능성이 있다. 시간과 경제적 조건의 한계로 인해 이 연구에 있는 표본은 일정 기간 노인들의 상황을 반영할 뿐이며, 대표성과 폭넓은 해석에는 여전히 한계가 있다. 후속 연구는 보다 정교한 연구 방법을 사용하고, 이론적 근거를 강화하며, 표본 크기를 확대하여 연구 결론에 더 의미 있는 점을 제시할 필요가 있다. ; The insufficient supply of family old-age resources and the increasing demand for the elderly are gradually making the aging problem in China a serious social problem. Due to the increasing needs of older adults and to alleviate the shortage, China has witnessed the coexistence of diversified old-age living modes, with the primary modes being community living and institutional living. The health status and life satisfaction of the elderly are different under different living modes. However, there is still no consensus about the relationship between different physical health conditions and the choice of living modes. This limits our understanding of the relationship between old people's physical health and life satisfaction in different living modes, which needs further study. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the association among living modes, physical health and life satisfaction, and on this basis, physical health will be regarded as a moderating and mediating variable to further explore whether the influence of living modes on life satisfaction will change according to physical health. The study conducted a questionnaire survey of 300 elderly people in Panzhihua City from February to March 2019. Among them, 150 were community living and 150 were institutional living. The research questions and hypotheses were examined by multiple regression analyses. The main research results of this paper are as follows: 1) there are differences in life satisfaction between the elderly people in the community and those in institutions, and the life satisfaction of the institutional-living was lower than the community-living among the elderly; 2) there is a positive relationship between physical health and life satisfaction, which means that elderly people with better health will be more satisfied with their lives; 3) there is a significant moderating effect the relationship between IADL and life satisfaction: the elderly with a good IADL level in communities have a higher level of life satisfaction, while those with a bad IADL have higher life satisfaction in institutions; 4) the results also show that there is a significant mediating effect of IADL on living modes and life satisfaction, which means that the effect of living modes on life satisfaction is achieved through the mediating effect of IADL. Starting from the elderly people themselves, this paper achieves an understanding their true desire for different living modes, and physical health is used as a moderating/mediating variable for the first time to study whether the influence of living modes on life satisfaction was different due to physical health. Additionally, this study conducted a field survey in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, using the method of questionnaire analysis. As the experimental development zone of national health-preservation and rehabilitation in China, the results obtained on this basis can more realistically reflect the actual situation. This study has significant reference value for scholars in the field of elderly psychology and professionals such as providers of old-age services. Both communities and institutions should develop services and activities that are beneficial to the elderly's physical health and pay more attention to their mental health. Furthermore, the government should promote the establishment of long-term cooperative relationships between institutions and local hospitals, and further improving the construction of the pension-related system to provide a strong guarantee for the health of the elderly from an economic perspective. However, there are some limitations in this study. Due to the insufficiency of Chinese domestic theoretical research and relevant scales, this study may ignore some characteristics of Chinese elderly people. The limitations of time and economic conditions also make the sample of this article only reflect the situation of the elderly in a period of time, and there are still some shortcomings in the representation and wide-scale promotion. Future research can use more diverse research methods, strengthen theoretical support, and expand the sample size to make more meaningful points to the research conclusions. ; Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 9 Chapter 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PENSION INDUSTRY IN PANZHIHUA, THE CLASSFICATION AND SELECTION Of THE LIVING MODES 10 2.1.1 The Development of the Pension Industry in Panzhihua 10 2.1.2 Classification and Content of Different Living Modes 13 2.1.3 Selection of the Living Mode and Its Rationality In the Study 14 2.2. DEFINITION OF TERMS 16 2.2.1 Life Satisfaction 16 2.2.2 Community Living 18 2.2.3 Institutional Living 20 2.3. LIVING MODES AND LIFE SATISFACTION 22 2.3.1 Community Living and Life Satisfaction 22 2.3.2 Institutional Living and Life Satisfaction 22 2.4. PHYSICAL HEALTH AND LIFE SATISFACTION 23 2.5. LIVING MODES AND PHYSICAL HEALTH 24 2.6. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND LIFE SATISFACTION 26 2.7. LIVING MODES, PHYSICAL HEALTH ADN ASSOCIATION WITH ELDER'S LIFE SATISFACTION 27 2.7.1. The Moderating Effect of Physical Health 27 2.7.2 The Mediating Effect of Physical Health 29 Chapter 3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 31 3.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 31 3.2 RRSEARCH QUESTIONS AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 32 Chapter 4. RESEARCH METHODS 33 4.1. RESEARCH SUBJECTS 33 4.2. DATA COLLECTION 33 4.3 RESEARCH PROCEDURES 35 4.4 MEASUREMENTS OF VARIABLES 36 4.4.1 Dependent Variable 36 4.4.2 Independent variables 36 4.4.3 Moderating/Mediating variables 37 4.4.4 Control variables 38 4.5 PLANED ANALYSIS 41 Chapter 5. RESEARCH FINDINGS 43 5.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL PARTICIPANTS 43 5.2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF THE MAJOR VARIABLES 50 5.3 CORRELATION MATRIX OF MAJOR VARIABLES 51 5.4 TEST OF HYPOTHESES 53 5.4.1 The Moderating Effect of Physical Health 55 5.4.2 The Mediating Effect of Physical Health 64 Chapter 6. CONCLUSION 75 6.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 75 6.2 DISCUSSION OFMAJOR FINDINGS 78 6.2.1 The Relationship Between Living Modes and Life Satisfaction 78 6.2.2 The Relationship Between Physical Health and Life Satisfaction 80 6.2.3 The Association among Living Modes, Physical Health and Life Satisfaction 82 6.2.4 The Effect of Control Variables and Life Satisfaction 86 6.3 IMPLICATIONS 89 6.3.1 Theoretical Implications 89 6.3.2 Practical Implications 90 6.3.3 Policy Implications 93 6.4 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 94 REFERENCES 98 APPENDIX 118 국문초록 132 ; Master

In climate change mitigation policy, carbon taxation is seen as an effective and efficient policy instrument. However, some caveats like carbon leakage may hamper its performance. This thesis presents an assessment of various alternative market-based climate policy instruments: A residence-based tax on capital income, a source-based tax on capital input in production, and cap-and-trade policy. For the latter, two regimes are analyzed: local and global permit markets. An essential aspect, which connects all chapters, is that the assumption that countries do not cooperate but set their policies in a strategic, non-cooperative manner. The resulting inefficiencies are identified for all the above listed instruments. In Chapter 2, we analyze a multi-country, 2-period, Nash tax competition game to evaluate Sinn's proposal to use interest income taxation as a means to decelerate fossil fuel extraction (Sinn, 2008, p. 384). The interest rate is determined on a perfectly competitive consumer loan market on which the resource extractor acts as the loan supplier. Households, which constitute the demand side, pay a local capital income tax on their loan. We find that this tax is effective in back loading extraction to the future, which limits damage from climate change. Yet, equilibrium tax rates are inefficiently low, given countries are symmetric. Inefficiency is due to presence of two externalities - the intertemporal fiscal distortion and the environmental externality. The second result is that, in an asymmetric setting with resource-exporting and -importing countries, cooperation among the latter leads to welfare gains for these compared to the Nash equilibrium. Furthermore, we find that given the cooperation among resource-importing countries, there are cases where the resource-exporting country has an incentive to join the policy cooperation so that full cooperation is self-enforcing. Chapter 3 assesses the 2-period, non-cooperative equilibrium of an n country policy game where countries chose either (i) carbon taxes, (ii) cap-and-trade policy with local permit markets or (iii) cap-and-trade policy with internationally linked permit markets and potential central redistribution of permit revenues. Policy makers maximizes welfare, which depends on household consumption over time and environmental damage from period-1 resource use. We assume costless and complete extraction of this non-renewable resource, so damage only depends on speed of extraction. Tax policy is the least efficient option due to carbon leakage, which introduces a second externality adding to the environmental externality. Cap-and-trade policy does not show any leakage since all symmetric countries will employ caps. Its equilibrium thus only suffers from the environmental externality and welfare is higher than under carbon taxation. The policy scenario with linked permit markets and central redistribution yields an efficient outcome. The redistribution of revenues creates a negative externality which offsets the positive environmental externality. Chapter 4 analyses and compares the performance of carbon taxes and capital taxes in financing public goods while considering positive effects of public expenditure on firm productivity. It is motivated by Franks et al. (2017), who ask whether using carbon taxes could be motivated on fiscal rather than by environmental grounds, arguing that the advantage of the carbon tax consists in its potential to reap foreign resource rents. I employ an analytical general equilibrium framework of n identical countries, where local firms use internationally mobile capital and imported fossil fuel in production as well as local public infrastructure. The latter is financed solely by either taxing the input of fossil fuels or capital. The choice of the policy instrument is exogenous to policy makers and symmetric across countries. I find that the effect of policy on the fossil fuel price (terms-of-trade effect) leads to higher public good provision under carbon taxation. However, tax-competition could cause either policy instrument to yield higher provision depending on how strongly either tax base reacts to changes in the tax rate. Therefore, the ranking of the two policy scenarios is ambiguous when considering tax competition and the terms-of-trade effect simultaneously. A numerical exercise shows cases for higher provision of either policy. In Kapitel 2 analysieren wir ein 2-Perioden-Nash-Steuerwettbewerbsspiel mit mehreren Ländern, um Sinns Vorschlag zu bewerten, die Zinsbesteuerung als Mittel zur Verlangsamung der Extraktion fossiler Brennstoffe einzusetzen (Sinn, 2008, S. 384). Der Zinssatz wird auf einem Konsumentenkreditmarkt mit perfektem Wettbewerb ermittelt, auf dem der Rohstoffextrakteur als Kreditgeber fungiert. Haushalte, die die Nachfrageseite bilden, zahlen eine lokale Kapitaleinkommenssteuer auf ihren Kredit. Wir stellen fest, dass diese Steuer, wie anvisiert, die Verschiebung der Ressourcenextraktion in die Zukunft bewirkt, wodurch Schäden durch den Klimawandel begrenzt werden. Unter der Annahme symmertischer Länder sind Gleichgewichtssteuersätze jedoch ineffizient niedrig. Die Ineffizienz ist auf das Vorhandensein von zwei Externalitäten zurückzuführen: eine intertemporale fiskalische Externalität und eine Umweltexternalität. Das zweite Ergebnis ist, dass in einem asymmetrischen Umfeld mit ressourcenexportierenden und -importierenden Ländern die Zusammenarbeit zwischen diesen Ländern zu Wohlfahrtsgewinnen im Vergleich zum Nash-Gleichgewicht führt. Im Falle dass ressourcenimportierende Länder ihre Kapitaleinkommenssteuern kooperativ setzen gibt es Fälle, in denen das ressourcenexportierende Land auch einen Anreiz hat, sich der kooperativ zu verhalten, sodass sich die vollständige Kooperation sich von selbst durchsetzt. In Kapitel 3 wird das Politik-Gleichgewicht in einem nichtkooperativen 2-Perioden-Modell mit n Ländern untersucht, wobei jedes Land entweder (i) CO2-Steuern, (ii) die Menge der Emissionszertifikate (Cap) im Kontext eines lokalen Zertifikatehandels (Cap-and-Trade Politik) oder (iii) einen Cap im Kontext eines glablen Zertifikatehandels mit der Option zentraler Umverteilung der Zertifikatserlöse bestimmt. Die politischen Entscheidungsträger maximieren die Wohlfahrt, welche vom Konsum der privaten Haushalte über die Zeit und vom Umweltschaden durch den Ressourcenverbrauch der ersten Periode abhängt. Wir gehen davon aus, dass die hier modellierte nicht erneuerbare Ressource kostenlos und vollständig abgebaut wird, sodass der Schaden nur von der Abbaugeschwindigkeit abhängt. Die Steuerpolitik ist aufgrund der Verlagerung von CO2-Emissionen die am wenigsten effiziente Option, da der Verlagerungseffekt eine zweite Externalität neben der Umweltexternalität erzeugt. Die Cap-and-Trade-Politik weist keine Verlagerungseffekte auf, da wir annehmen, dass alle (symmetrischen) Länder die Cap Politik nutzen. Die Politikwahl im Gleichgewicht leidet also nur unter der Umweltexternalität und die Wohlfahrt ist höher als bei der CO2-Besteuerung. Das Politik-Szenario mit globalem Zertifikatehandel und zentraler Umverteilung führt zu einem effizienten Ergebnis. Durch die Umverteilung der Einnahmen entsteht eine negative Externalität, die die positive Umweltexternalität ausgleicht. Kapitel 4 analysiert und vergleicht wie CO2-Steuern und Kapitalsteuern bei der Finanzierung öffentlicher Güter unter Berücksichtigung der positiven Auswirkungen öffentlicher Ausgaben auf die Produktivität von Unternehmen abschneiden. Es ist motiviert von Franks et al. (2017), die die Frage aufwerfen, ob die Verwendung von Kohlenstoffsteuern nicht aus Umweltgründen, sondern aus fiskalpolitischen Gründen motiviert werden könnte. Sie argumentieren, dass der Vorteil der CO2-Ssteuer darin besteht, dass ausländische Rohstoffpreise erzielt werden können. Ich setze einen analytischen allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsrahmen von n identischen Ländern ein, in denen lokale Firmen international mobiles Kapital und importierte fossile Brennstoffe in der Produktion sowie die lokale öffentliche Infrastruktur nutzen. Letztere wird ausschließlich durch die Besteuerung des Einsatzes fossiler Brennstoffe oder des Kapitals finanziert. Die Wahl des politischen Instruments ist für die politischen Entscheidungsträger exogen und länderübergreifend symmetrisch. Ich stelle fest, dass die Auswirkung der Politik auf den Preis für fossile Brennstoffe (Terms-of-Trade-Effekt) zu einer höheren Versorgung mit öffentlichen Gütern im Rahmen der Kohlenstoffbesteuerung führt. Der Steuerwettbewerb könnte jedoch dazu führen, dass eines der beiden politischen Instrumente eine höhere Rückstellung abwirft, je nachdem, wie stark eine Steuerbemessungsgrundlage auf Änderungen des Steuersatzes reagiert. Daher ist die Rangfolge der beiden politischen Szenarien bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung des Steuerwettbewerbs und des Terms-of-Trade-Effekts nicht eindeutig. Eine numerische Übung zeigt Fälle für eine höhere Bereitstellung einer der beiden Richtlinien. ; In der Klimaschutzpolitik wird die C02-Besteuerung als wirksames und effizientes politisches Instrument angesehen. Einige Aspekte, wie z. B. internationale Verlagerungseffekte, können jedoch die Leistung beeinträchtigen. Diese Dissertation präsentiert eine Bewertung verschiedener alternativer marktbasierter klimapolitischer Instrumente: eine auf dem Wohnsitz beruhende Steuer auf Kapitaleinkommen, eine Quellensteuer auf den Kapitaleinsatz in der Produktion und die Emissionszertifikate-Politik. Für Letztere werden zwei Regime analysiert: lokale und globale Zertifikatsmärkte. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt, der alle Kapitel miteinander verbindet, ist die Annahme, dass Länder nicht kooperieren, sondern ihre Politik strategisch und nicht kooperativ gestalten. Die daraus resultierenden Ineffizienzen werden für alle oben aufgeführten Instrumente ermittelt. Kapitel 1 und 5 dienen der Einführung in Thematik und Literatur sowie der Zusammenfassung. In Kapitel 2 analysieren wir ein 2-Perioden-Nash-Steuerwettbewerbsspiel mit mehreren Ländern, um Sinns Vorschlag zu bewerten, die Zinsbesteuerung als Mittel zur Verlangsamung der Extraktion fossiler Brennstoffe einzusetzen (Sinn, 2008, S. 384). Der Zinssatz wird auf einem Konsumentenkreditmarkt mit perfektem Wettbewerb ermittelt, auf dem der Rohstoffextrakteur als Kreditgeber fungiert. Haushalte, die die Nachfrageseite bilden, zahlen eine lokale Kapitaleinkommenssteuer auf ihren Kredit. Wir stellen fest, dass diese Steuer, wie postuliert, die Verschiebung der Ressourcenextraktion in die Zukunft bewirkt, wodurch Schäden durch den Klimawandel begrenzt werden. Unter der Annahme symmetrischer Länder sind Gleichgewichtssteuersätze jedoch ineffizient niedrig. Die Ineffizienz ist auf das Vorhandensein von zwei Externalitäten zurückzuführen: eine intertemporale fiskalische Externalität und eine Umweltexternalität. Das zweite Ergebnis ist, dass in einem asymmetrischen Umfeld mit ressourcenexportierenden und -importierenden Ländern die Zusammenarbeit zwischen diesen Ländern zu Wohlfahrtsgewinnen im Vergleich zum Nash-Gleichgewicht führt. Gegeben dass ressourcenimportierende Länder ihre Kapitaleinkommenssteuern kooperativ setzen, gibt es Fälle, in denen das ressourcenexportierende Land auch einen Anreiz hat, sich der kooperativ zu verhalten, sodass sich die vollständige Kooperation sich von selbst durchsetzt. In Kapitel 3 wird das Gleichgewicht in eines nicht-kooperativen 2-Perioden-Politikspiels zwischen n Ländern bewertet, in dem die Länder entweder über (i) CO2-Steuern, (ii) die Menge der Emissionszertifikate bei lokalem Zertifikatehandel – (lokale) Cap-and-Trade-Politk - oder (iii) über die Menge der Emissionszertifikate bei globalem Zertifikatehandel und möglicher internationaler Umverteilung der Zertifikatserlöse entscheiden. Die politischen Entscheidungsträger maximieren die heimische Wohlfahrt, welche vom Konsum in beiden Perioden und von den Umweltschäden durch den Ressourcenverbrauch der ersten Periode abhängt. Wir treffen die Annahme, dass diese nicht-erneuerbare Ressource kostenlos und vollständig abgebaut wird, sodass der Schaden nur von der Abbaugeschwindigkeit abhängt. Die Steuerpolitik ist aufgrund der Verlagerung von CO2-Emissionen die am wenigsten effiziente Option, da der Verlagerungseffekt neben der Umweltexternalität eine weitere Externalität entstehen lässt. Die Cap-and-Trade-Politik weist keine Verlagerungseffekte auf, gegeben dass symmetrischen Länder Caps einsetzen. Die gleichgewichtige Politikwahl wird also nur durch die Umweltexternalität beeinträchtigt und die Wohlfahrt ist höher im Gleichgewicht der CO2-Besteuerung. Das Politikszenario mit globalem Zertifikatehandel und zentraler Umverteilung von Zertifikatseinnahmen führt zu einem effizienten Ergebnis. Durch die Umverteilung der Einnahmen entsteht eine negative Externalität, die die positive Umweltexternalität ausgleicht. Kapitel 4 analysiert und vergleicht Abschneiden von CO2-Steuern und Kapitalsteuern bei der Finanzierung öffentlicher Güter unter Berücksichtigung positiver Effekte öffentlicher Ausgaben auf die Produktivität von Unternehmen. Es ist motiviert durch Franks et al. (2017), welche der Frage nachgehen, ob die Verwendung von CO2-Steuern nicht aus Umweltgründen, sondern aus steuerlichen Gründen motiviert werden könnte. Sie argumentieren, dass der Vorteil der CO2-Steuer darin besteht, dass Importländer damit ausländische Ressourcenrenten appropriieren können. Zu diesem Zweck nutze ich ein analytisches allgemeines Gleichgewichtsmodell mit n identischen Ländern, in welchem lokale Firmen international mobiles Kapital und importierte fossile Brennstoffe sowie die lokale öffentliche Infrastruktur als Produktionsfaktoren einsetzen. Die öffentliche Infrastruktur wird ausschließlich durch die Besteuerung fossiler Brennstoffe oder des Kapitals finanziert. Die Wahl des politischen Instruments ist für die politischen Entscheidungsträger exogen und länderübergreifend symmetrisch. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auswirkung der Politik auf den Preis für fossile Brennstoffe (Terms-of-Trade-Effekt) zu einer höheren Bereitstellung der öffentlichen Infrastruktur im Rahmen der CO2-Besteuerung führt. Der Steuerwettbewerb könnte jedoch dazu führen, dass eines der beiden politischen Instrumente eine höhere Rückstellung abwirft, je nachdem, wie stark eine Steuerbemessungsgrundlage auf Änderungen des Steuersatzes reagiert. Daher ist die Wohlfahrts-Rangfolge der beiden politischen Szenarien bei gleichzeitiger Berücksichtigung des Steuerwettbewerbs und des Terms-of-Trade-Effekts nicht eindeutig. Ein numerisches Beispiel zeigt Fälle für höhere Bereitstellung sowohl unter CO2-Besteuerung als auch unter Kapitalbesteuerung.

Physical activity is very important for early childhood, especially outdoor activities that add a lot of new experiences. This study aims to check the relationship of children's outdoor activities and parenting styles and children's social skills. The participants are 125 parents of early childhood who attend kindergarten. The research method is a descriptive study using the relational screening model. The results showed that there was a relationship between outside play and parenting style on the social skills of children in their childhood. Democratic parenting styles are found to promote children's social skills, while authoritative parenting styles have a negative correlation with interpersonal skills, the ability to express verbally, self-control, listening skills, emotional management and adaptation to change. In the sub-dimensions of anger management and adaptation to changing skills is a significant difference between authoritative parenting styles and not permissive parenting with children's social skills. Keywords: Early Childhood Social skills, Outdoor Activities, Parenting Styles Reference: Azlina, W., & S., Z. A. (2012). A Pilot Study: The Impact of Outdoor Play Spaces on Kindergarten Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 38(December 2010), 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.349 Bento, G., & Dias, G. (2017). The importance of outdoor play for young children's healthy development. Porto Biomedical Journal, 2(5), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.2017.03.003 Beyer, K., Bizub, J., Szabo, A., Heller, B., Kistner, A., Shawgo, E., & Zetts, C. (2015). Development and validation of the attitudes toward outdoor play scales for children. Social Science and Medicine, 133, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.033 Boxberger, K., & Reimers, A. K. (2019). Parental correlates of outdoor play in boys and girls aged 0 to 12—A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020190 Coleman, W. L., & Lindsay, R. L. (1992). Interpersonal disabilities: Social skill deficits in older children and adolescents: Their description, assessment, and management. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 39(3), 551–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)38344-4 Cui, M., Janhonen-Abruquah, H., Darling, C. A., Carlos Chavez, F. L., & Palojoki, P. (2019). Helicopter Parenting and Young Adults' Well-Being: A Comparison Between United States and Finland. Cross-Cultural Research, 53(4), 410–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397118802253 Fjørtoft, I., & Sageie, J. (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children. Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1–2), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00045-1 Ghanbari-Azarneir, S., Anbari, S., Hosseini, S.-B., & Yazdanfar, S.-A. (2015). Identification of Child-friendly Environments in Poor Neighborhoods. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 201(February), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.114 Giedd, J. N. (2012). The Digital Revolution and Adolescent Brain Evolution. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.002 Hinkley, T., Brown, H., Carson, V., & Teychenne, M. (2018). Cross sectional associations of screen time and outdoor play with social skills in preschool children. PLoS ONE, 13(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371 Johnson, J. E., & Christie, J. F. (2009). Play and digital media. Computers in the Schools, 26(4), 284–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380560903360202 Junot, A., Paquet, Y., & Martin-Krumm, C. (2017). Passion for outdoor activities and environmental behaviors: A look at emotions related to passionate activities. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 53, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.07.011 Kemple, K. M., Oh, J. H., Kenney, E., & Smith-Bonahue, T. (2016). The Power of Outdoor Play and Play in Natural Environments. Childhood Education, 92(6), 446–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2016.1251793 Kol, S. (2016). The Effects of the Parenting Styles on Social Skills of Children Aged 5-6. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2), 49–58. Kozina, Z., Repko, O., Kozin, S., Kostyrko, A., Yermakova, T., & Goncharenko, V. (2016). Motor skills formation technique in 6 to 7-year-old children based on their psychological and physical features (Rock climbing as an example). Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(3), 866–874. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.03137 Larson, L. R., Szczytko, R., Bowers, E. P., Stephens, L. E., Stevenson, K. T., & Floyd, M. F. (2019). Outdoor Time, Screen Time, and Connection to Nature: Troubling Trends Among Rural Youth? Environment and Behavior, 51(8), 966–991. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518806686 Lindsey, G., Maraj, M., & Kuan, S. C. (2001). Access, Equity, and Urban Greenways: An Exploratory Investigation. Professional Geographer, 53(3), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-0124.00288 Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books. Maynard, T., & Waters, J. (2007). Learning in the outdoor environment: A missed opportunity? Early Years, 27(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575140701594400 Moreland, A. D., & McRae-Clark, A. (2018). Parenting outcomes of parenting interventions in integrated substance-use treatment programs: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 89(August 2017), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2018.03.005 Moriguchi, Y., Zelazo, P. D., & Chevalier, N. (2016). Development of Executive Function During Childhood. https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-800-9 Mullenbach, L. E., Andrejewski, R. G., & Mowen, A. J. (2019). Connecting children to nature through residential outdoor environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 25(3), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1458215 Norðdahl, K., & Einarsdóttir, J. (2015). Children's views and preferences regarding their outdoor environment. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 15(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2014.896746 Pinquart, M. (2016). Associations of Parenting Styles and Dimensions with Academic Achievement in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9338-y Riany, Y. E., Cuskelly, M., & Meredith, P. (2016). Cultural Beliefs about Autism in Indonesia. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 63(6), 623–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2016.1142069 Riany, Y. E., Meredith, P., & Cuskelly, M. (2017). Understanding the Influence of Traditional Cultural Values on Indonesian Parenting. Marriage and Family Review, 53(3), 207–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1157561 Saltali, N. D., & Arslan, E. (2012). Parent ' s Attitudes as a Predictor of Preschoolers ' Social Competence and Introverted Behavior. Elementary Education Online, 11(3), 729–737. Schoeppe, S., Vandelanotte, C., Bere, E., Lien, N., Verloigne, M., Kovács, É., … Van Lippevelde, W. (2017). The influence of parental modelling on children's physical activity and screen time: Does it differ by gender? European Journal of Public Health, 27(1), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw182 Shi, Y. (2017). Explore Children's Outdoor Play Spaces of Community Areas in High-density Cities in China: Wuhan as an Example. Procedia Engineering, 198(September 2016), 654–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.118 Strasburger, V. C., Jordan, A. B., & Donnerstein, E. (2012). Children, Adolescents, and the Media:. Health Effects. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 59(3), 533–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.03.025 Victoria J. Rideout, Foehr, M. A. U. G., & Roberts, D. F. (2010). GENERATION M2 Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. In Theresa Boston (Ed.), Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Boston: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Wang, S. hua, Zhang, Y., & Baillargeon, R. (2016). Young infants view physically possible support events as unexpected: New evidence for rule learning. Cognition, 157, 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.08.021 Waters, J., & Rekers, A. (2019). Young Children ' s Outdoor Play-Based Learning. 1–7. Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, J., & Hammond, M. (2001). Social skills and problem-solving training for children with early-onset conduct problems: Who benefits? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42(7), 943–952. Retrieved from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed5&NEWS=N&AN=2001380196 Wilkie, H. J., Standage, M., Gillison, F. B., Cumming, S. P., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2018). The home electronic media environment and parental safety concerns: relationships with outdoor time after school and over the weekend among 9-11 year old children. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5382-0 Zajenkowska, A., Jankowski, K. S., Lawrence, C., & Zajenkowski, M. (2013). Personality and individual differences in responses to aggression triggering events among prisoners and non-prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(8), 947–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.467

The Intergenerational Justice Review (www.igjr.org) is a peer-reviewed English language journal, reflecting the current state of research on intergenerational justice. The IGJR publishes articles from humanities, social sciences, and international law. The journal is released biannually and employs a double-blind peer review process. Its editorial board consists of about 50 internationally renowned experts from ten different countries. IGJR is indexed under Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The topic of issue 1/2020 (which is planned to be the first part of a double issue) will be"Housing crisis: How can we improve the situation for young people?" We welcome submissions to the issue 1/2020 that analyse the housing situation of the young generation. Topic outlineIn many European countries, and especially in large cities and university towns, affordable housing is a pressing and sometimes explosive issue. In the debate about such questions as home ownership or rent increase caps (Mietpreisbremse – German: rent brakes), the intergenerational perspective is often forgotten. But different generations are affected in noticeably different ways. Rising rent and purchase prices and the failure of housing construction programmes make it ever more difficult for young people to access the housing market. The quality of housing is a key factor in living standards and wellbeing, as well as an integral element of social integration, yet in 2014 a total of 7.8% of young people in the European Union (aged between 15 and 29) were in severe housing need, 25.7% of the young people in the EU lived in overcrowded households, and 13.6% lived in households that spent 40% or more of their equivalised disposable income on housing (Eurostat 2016).In response to the 2008/9 financial crisis, government programmes for public and social housing aimed at the poorer parts of the population were cut back, leading to diminishing access to affordable housing, especially in urbanised areas. For young people, this means that they have to pay higher rents. Today, therefore, they often live longer in their parental homes, or in the private rental sector, than previous generations (Ronald/Lennartz 2018).What is often referred to as a "housing crisis" can certainly be seen as a question of intergenerational justice, because the baby boomers had easier access to housing or to the means to finance it. Today, the baby boomer generation benefits from housing inequality in two ways: through property values and rental income. At the same time, with pension systems under pressure because of ageing populations, the ownership of residential property has become an important component of old-age provision (Helbrecht/ Geisenkauser 2012).Younger generations, on the other hand, are disadvantaged in two respects: today's increased demand leads to further pressure on the housing market in the low-price segment, which in turn leads to an increase in the rent burden for lower and middle income groups, and also makes the purchase of residential property more difficult. In many parts of Europe, such as the Southeast of the UK, in the 1980s the average cost of a first home was three to four times the annual average salary; today it can be ten or twelve times the annual average salary.From this perspective, it can certainly be argued that the housing market situation is not intergenerationally fair. And in many European countries, ownership of real estate has become a much greater source of wealth inequality between generations than salary differentials.This gloomy picture of housing and home ownership is, however, by no means universal. Statistics point to significant differences between countries, and international comparisons show that successful housing policies are possible. An EU comparison shows that the percentage of households managed by a person aged 18–29 who spends 40% or more of their disposable income on housing costs ranges from 1.3% (in Malta) to 45.4% (in Greece) (Leach et al. 2016). It is clear that some countries perform significantly better than others in providing affordable housing for the next generation.Articles could approach the topic through a broad range of questions, including:How did the housing crisis come to be and how can housing inequality for young people be improved?Why are some countries better than others at providing affordable housing for the next generation? What are the similarities and differences? What lessons can be drawn from cross-country comparisons?What political levers, such as subsidies, could be introduced to help the younger generation achieve more affordable and long-term housing security? Is the German Mietpreisbremse a successful instrument for this and how does it affect the young generation?Planet vs. people: It is often suggested that the solution to the housing crisis is to build more homes, but this raises the question of encroaching on green spaces and the environmental impact that this implies. How can that tension be resolved? How can urbanisation and the housing market become more environmentally friendly?Another solution is to use existing housing stock more efficiently. Can government policy help to bring this about, for example by incentivising the fuller occupation of large houses with unused spare bedrooms, or by discouraging the ownership of second homes through higher taxation? What is the potential of new forms of housing, such as shared housing, multi-generational housing, homeshare (housing for help)?How does homelessness affect young people in particular and how can it be combated?How can those who work in the media be encouraged to address this topic?Submission RequirementsSubmissions will be accepted until 31 December 2019.Articles may be submitted electronically through the IGJR homepage (see "Submissions").Articles should be no more than 30,000 characters in length (including spaces but excluding bibliography, figures, photographs and tables). For details, see the author guidelines: http://www.igjr.org/ojs/igjr_doc/Author_Guidelines.pdfDemography PrizeNote that this topic is closely related to the subject of the next Demography Prize promoted by the Foundation for the Rights of Future Generations (FRFG) and the Intergenerational Foundation (IF). The prize is endowed with 10,000€ and has 1 December 2019 as its deadline. Young researchers may also wish to participate in this essay competition, and it is hoped that this edition of the IGJR will contain a selection of the best prize submissions in English. More information is available on www.if.org.uk under Research Prizes and on www.intergenerationaljustice.org under Academic Awards Demography Prize.ReferencesEurostat (2016): Young people – housing conditions. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/46039.pdf. Viewed 27 September 2018.Ronald, Richard / Lennartz, Christian (2018): Housing careers, intergenerational support and family relations. In: Housing Studies, 33 (2), 147-159.Helbrecht, Ilse / Geilenheuser, Tim (2012): Demographischer Wandel, Generationeneffekte und Wohnungsmarktentwicklung: Wohneigentum als Altersvorsorge? In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 70 (5), 425–436. Recommended literatureDorling, Danny (2015): All That is Solid: How the Great Housing Disaster Defines Our Times, and What We Can Do About It. London: Allen Lane.Dustmann, Christian / Fitzenberger, Bernd / Zimmerman, Markus (2018): Housing Expenditures and Income Inequality, Cream Discussion Paper 16/18, London: Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, URL: http://www.cream-migration.org/publ_uploads/CDP_16_18.pdf. Viewed 24 October 2018.Eurostat (2016): Young people – housing conditions, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/46039.pdf. Viewed 27 September 2018.Eurostat (2015): Housing cost overburden rate. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_lvho07alang=en. Viewed 27 September 2018.Helbrecht, Ilse / Geilenheuser, Tim (2012): Demographischer Wandel, Generationeneffekte und Wohnungsmarktentwicklung: Wohneigentum als Altersvorsorge? In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 70 (5), 425–436.Hills, John / Cunliffe, Jack / Obolenskaya, Polina / Karagiannaki, Eleni (2015): Falling behind, getting ahead: the changing structure of inequality in the UK, 2007-2013. Social Policy in Cold Climate. London: LSE.Leach, Jeremy / Broeks, Miriam / Østenvik, Kristin / Kingman, David (2016): European Intergenerational Fairness Index: A Crisis for the Young. London: Intergenerational Foundation: http://www.if.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/European-Intergenerational-Fairness-Index_Final-2016.pdf. Viewed 27 September 2018.Lennartz, Christian / Helbrecht, Ilse (2018): The housing careers of younger adults and intergenerational support in Germany's 'society of renters'. In: Housing Studies, 33 (2), 317-336.Morton, Alex (2013): Housing and Intergenerational Fairness. London: Policy Exchange.National Housing Federation (2014): Broken Market, Broken Dreams. London: NHF.Ronald, Richard / Lennartz, Christian (2018): Housing careers, intergenerational support and family relations. In: Housing Studies, 33 (2), 147-159.Rugg, Julie J. / Quilgars, Deborah (2015): Young People and Housing: A Review of the Present Policy and Practice Landscape. In: Youth and Policy. Issue 114.Shaw, Randy (2018): Generation Priced Out. Who Gets to Live in the New Urban America, Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Shelter (2010): The Human Cost: How the Lack of Affordable Housing Impacts on All Aspects of Life. London: Shelter.

Traditionelle Landnutzungspraktiken formten während der vergangenen Jahrtausende naturnahe Offenlandlebensräume. Auf diese Weise entstanden die typischen europäischen Kulturlandschaften mit ihren charakteristischen, diversen Artengemeinschaften. Extensiv bewirtschaftete Flächen, auf denen etwa Weidewirtschaft betrieben wurde, haben jedoch im Zuge der landwirtschaftlichen Intensivierung während des 20. Jahrhunderts stark abgenommen. Gleichzeitig wurden landwirtschaftlich geeignete Böden in großem Umfang, insbesondere durch mineralische Düngung, aufgewertet. Eine Folge sind weitverbreitete Verluste von Pflanzendiversität, da mit zunehmender Nährstoffverfügbarkeit konkurrenzschwache Pflanzenarten vermehrt durch Arten verdrängt werden, die erfolgreich um Licht konkurrieren können. In Offenlandlebensräumen, in denen der Bodennährstoffgehalt nicht anthropogen erhöht ist, ist wenig darüber bekannt, wie Muster in Vegetationsgesellschaften mit bodenchemischen Faktoren zusammenhängen. Wenn keine traditionelle landwirtschaftliche Bewirtschaftung stattfindet, erfordert der Erhalt von Offenlandlebensräumen ein Naturschutzmanagement, das Biomasse entnimmt, um sekundärer Sukzession und damit verbundenen Veränderungen in Pflanzengesellschaften entgegenzuwirken. In vielen Fällen hat sich extensive Beweidung mit großen domestizierten Pflanzenfressern als eine geeignete Maßnahme zum Erhalt von naturnahen Offenlandlebensräumen erwiesen. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen (z.B. große, unzugängliche Gebiete) ist Nutztierbeweidung allerdings nicht umsetzbar. Daher besteht Forschungsbedarf in Bezug auf die Frage, ob wilde Pflanzenfresser, welche weder ein eingezäuntes Gebiet noch regelmäßige (veterinärmedizinische) Betreuung benötigen, eine alternative Möglichkeit zur Beweidung im Naturschutz sein könnten. Mit dem Truppenübungsplatz Grafenwöhr in Bayern stand für die vorliegende Arbeit ein Studiengebiet zur Verfügung, in dem wegen der mehr als hundertjährigen militärischen Nutzung keine landwirtschaftliche Intensivierung stattgefunden hat. Die zahlreich vorkommenden wildlebenden Rothirsche (Cervus elaphus) nutzen in diesem Gebiet das Offenland, z.B. naturnahes Grünland und Heiden, zur Nahrungssuche. Mit Fokus auf zwei exemplarische Natura 2000-Offenlandlebensraumtypen (Trockene Europäische Heiden und Magere Flachlandmähwiesen) untersucht diese Dissertation (i) die Beziehung zwischen bodenchemischen Faktoren und Vegetationsmustern unter nahezu vorindustriellen Bodenbedingungen und (ii) das Zusammenspiel von Beweidung freilebender Rothirsche und verschiedenen Vegetationsprozessen. Kapitel 1 beleuchtet, wie die natürlich vorkommende Variabilität von Phosphor und anderen bodenchemischen Faktoren mit der Komposition und dem Artenreichtum von Vegetationsgesellschaften in Offenlandlebensräumen zusammenhängt. Im Jahr 2014 wurden Vegetationsaufnahmen von 40 bzw. 54 Relevés in Heiden und Grünland durchgeführt. Die Erkenntnisse liefern wertvolle Informationen über die Sensitivität unterschiedlicher naturnaher Lebensräume gegenüber Veränderungen in bodenchemischen Faktoren. Der Pflanzenartenreichtum nahm mit steigendem Boden-pH in Heiden zu und im Grünland mit steigender Phosphorkonzentration im Boden ab. Daher sollte das Naturschutzmanagement darauf achten, weitere Versauerung in Heiden sowie selbst geringfügige Phosphorzufuhr im Grünland zu verhindern. Kapitel 2 & 3 untersuchen den Beitrag freilebender Rothirsche zur Erhaltung von naturnahem Grünland und Heiden basierend auf einem Beweidungsausschlussexperiment, welches von 2015 bis 2017/18 auf einem Teil der im Jahr 2014 für die Vegetationsaufnahmen genutzten Untersuchungsflächen durchgeführt wurde. Um Synergieeffekte zwischen Wildtierbeweidung und zusätzlicher Biomasseentnahme (Brand, Mahd) ermitteln zu können, umfasste das Experiment im Grünland gebrannte, gemähte sowie unbehandelte Behandlungsflächen. Kapitel 2 analysiert die Dynamik von Produktivität und Nahrungsqualität der Vegetation und Biomasseentnahme durch Rothirsche. Dazu wurden versetzbare Weidekörbe eingesetzt, welche auf offen zugänglichen, kontinuierlich beweideten Plots installiert und fünf Mal pro Vegetationsperiode umgesetzt wurden. Die jährlich von wilden Rothirschen aufgenommene Biomasse lag in einer vergleichbaren Größenordnung wie die Futteraufnahme domestizierter Weidetiere bei in Naturschutzbeweidungssystemen üblichen Besatzdichten. Trotz unterschiedlicher Produktivität und Beweidungsansprüche von naturnahem Grünland und Heiden erwies sich die Biomasseentnahme durch Rothirsche mit ihrer habitatspezifischen saisonalen Variation als günstig für beide Lebensraumtypen. Die Mahd, einhergehend mit erhöhter Produktivität und Nahrungsqualität in der späteren Jahreszeit, erhöhte die Attraktivität des Grünlands für die Rothirsche und könnte daher eine Strategie sein, um die Beweidung von freilebenden Rothirschen räumlich steuern zu können. Basierend auf dem Vergleich der Vegetationsentwicklung in offenen und permanent eingezäunten Plots untersucht Kapitel 3, wie Pflanzendiversität und Vegetationsstruktur auf den Ausschluss von Rothirschen reagieren. Die Vegetationszusammensetzung in offenen und permanent eingezäunten Plots entwickelte sich in beiden Lebensraumtypen unterschiedlich. Im Grünland war die Pflanzendiversität in eingezäunten Plots signifikant niedriger als in offenen Plots. Als Anzeichen für beginnende Sukzession unter Rothirschausschluss wurden in beiden Lebensräumen eine zunehmende Höhe von Vegetation und Streuschicht sowie in Heiden abnehmende Deckung von Offenboden und zunehmende Individuenzahl verholzender Pflanzen festgestellt. Im Grünland zeigten sich in der gemähten Behandlungsfläche die deutlichsten Unterschiede zwischen offenen und eingezäunten Plots, was darauf hindeutet, dass Rothirschbeweidung kombiniert mit Mähen besonders günstige Verhältnisse für Pflanzendiversität im Grünland schaffen könnte. Die Ergebnisse von Kapitel 2 & 3 legen nahe, dass Beweidung durch wildlebende Rothirsche für das Naturschutzmanagement naturnaher Offenlandlebensräume von Nutzen sein könnte, nicht nur quantitativ – in Form von Biomasseentzug – sondern auch qualitativ, durch vorteilhafte Auswirkungen auf Vegetationsstruktur und -diversität. Ein angepasstes Wildtiermanagement, das Rothirschen erlaubt, sich ihre Nahrung im Offenland zu suchen, könnte daher zur Erhaltung von naturnahen Offenlandlebensräumen beitragen und zugleich das Konfliktpotential zwischen Rothirsch und Forstwirtschaft mindern. Wildlebende Rothirsche in das Naturschutzmanagement zu integrieren, erscheint besonders vielversprechend und praktikabel in großen Gebieten, wie etwa Kernzonen von Nationalparks, Wildnisgebieten oder aktiven und ehemaligen Truppenübungsplätzen. Insgesamt können die Erkenntnisse aus dieser Arbeit dazu beitragen, geeignete Strategien für das Naturschutzmanagement naturnaher Offenlandlebensräume zu entwickeln, um ihre Biodiversität und Ökosystemdienstleistungen in Zeiten zu erhalten, in denen Ökosysteme durch menschlichen Einfluss zunehmend gefährdet sind. ; Traditional practices of human land use have shaped semi-natural open habitats over the past millennia, resulting in the typical European cultural landscapes with characteristic, diverse species communities. In the course of agricultural intensi-fication during the twentieth century, however, areas extensively used, e.g. for pastoral farming, have declined immensely. At the same time, agriculturally suitable soils have been widely improved, especially by mineral fertilisation. This has been associated with widespread losses of plant diversity, as increasing nutrient availability promotes plant species that are strong competitors for light and thus increases the exclusion of less competitive species. Little is known about plant community patterns related to soil chemical parameters in open habitats where the soil nutrient status has not been anthropogenically enhanced. In the absence of traditional agricultural land use, conservation management is required to remove biomass from open habitats in order to prevent secondary succession and related changes in plant communities. Extensive grazing with large domestic herbivores has proven beneficial to the maintenance of semi-natural open habitats. Under certain circumstances (e.g. large, inaccessible areas), however, livestock grazing is impossible. Therefore, there is a need to study if wild herbivores that do not require fencing, regular monitoring or veterinary treatment could be an alternative option for conservation grazing. The present work took advantage of a study area where military land use has prevented agricultural intensification during the past century: the Grafenwöhr military training in north-eastern Bavaria, Germany. In this area, abundant wild and free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) use the open land, such as semi-natural grasslands and heathlands, for foraging. Focusing on two exemplary Natura 2000 open habitat types (European dry heaths and lowland hay meadows), this thesis explores (i) the relationship between soil chemical parameters and vegetation patterns under nearly pre-industrialised soil conditions, and (ii) the interplay of grazing by free-ranging red deer and different vegetation processes. Chapter 1 investigates how the naturally occurring variability in phosphorus and other soil chemical parameters relates to plant species community composition and richness in open habitats. In 2014, plant species composition was surveyed in 40 and 54 relevés in heathlands and grasslands, respectively. The insights provide valuable information about the sensitivity of different semi-natural habitats to changes in soil chemical parameters. Plant species richness increased with increasing soil pH in heathlands and decreased with increasing soil phosphorus concentration in grasslands. Therefore, in order to maintain suitable soil conditions for diverse plant communities in semi-natural open habitats, conservation management should take care to prevent further acidification in heathlands and even low phosphorus input in grasslands. Chapter 2 & 3 look into the contribution of wild red deer to the maintenance of semi-natural grasslands and heathlands based on a grazing exclusion experiment running from 2015 to 2017/18 on a subset of the sampling sites used in the 2014 plant survey. In order to assess synergistic effects between wildlife grazing and additional biomass removal measures (i.e. burning, mowing), the sampling sites in grasslands included burnt, mown and untreated treatment areas. Chapter 2 analyses the dynamics of vegetation productivity, forage quality and biomass removal by red deer, using data from movable exclusion cages installed on open, continuously grazed plots and translocated five times per vegetation period. The amount of biomass annually removed by wild red deer was quantitatively similar to the forage removal by domestic grazing animals in stocking rates commonly used in conservation grazing. Despite the different productivity and grazing requirements of semi-natural grasslands and heathlands, biomass removal by red deer, with its habitat-type–specific seasonal variation, proved beneficial in both habitat types. Mowing, enhancing productivity and forage quality in the late season, increased the grassland attractiveness to red deer, and could therefore be a strategy to spatially direct the grazing activities by free-ranging red deer. Comparing the vegetation development in open and permanently fenced plots in grasslands and heathlands, Chapter 3 studies how plant diversity and vegetation structure respond to the exclusion of red deer. Plant community composition diverged in open and fenced blots in both habitat types. In grasslands, plant species diversity was significantly reduced in fenced compared to open plots. Increasing height of sward and litter in both habitat types and, additionally, reduced cover of bare soil and increasing number of woody plant individuals in heathlands indicated beginning succession when red deer were excluded. In grasslands, the most pronounced differences between open and fenced plots occurred in the mown treatment, suggesting that red deer grazing combined with mowing could create particularly favourable conditions for grassland plant diversity. Taken together, Chapter 2 & 3 indicate that grazing by wild red deer could be useful to the conservation management of semi-natural open habitats, quantitatively—in terms of biomass removal—and qualitatively, providing benefits to vegetation structure and diversity. An adapted wildlife management that allows red deer to forage in open landscapes could therefore contribute to maintaining semi-natural open habitats and simultaneously reduce the potential for conflict between red deer and forestry. Integrating wild red deer into the conservation management seems promising and practicable in particular for large areas of conservation interest, such as core zones of national parks, wilderness areas or active and abandoned military training areas. Overall, the insights from this thesis can contribute to developing suitable strategies for the conservation management of semi-natural open habitats to preserve their biodiversity and ecosystem services in times of increasing anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems. ; 2020-05-27

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Adavalli-2 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characterstics, classification, behaviour and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 313 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 97 per cent is covered by soils, three per cent by waterbodies, settlements and others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below.  The soils belong to 9 soil series and 11 soil phases (management units) and 4 land use classes.  The length of crop growing period is 150 cm).  Entire area has clayey soils at the surface.  About 44 per cent of the area has non-gravelly soils, 45 per cent gravelly soils (15-35 % gravel) and 7 per cent very gravelly (35- 60% gravel) soils.  About 40 per cent area has very low (200mm/m) available water capacity.  Entire area has very gently sloping (1-3%) lands.  Entire area has moderately eroded (e2) lands.  Entire area has soils that are strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 to 9.0) to very strongly alkaline (pH>9.0).  The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly 0.75%) in organic carbon.  Available phosphorus is low (20 ppm).  Available boron is low (4.5 ppm) in the entire area.  Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire area.  Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils.  The land suitability for 24 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: The Adavalli-2 micro-watershed (Koppal taluk and district) is located in between 15018' – 15019' North latitudes and 75056' – 75058' East longitudes, covering an area of about 312.58, bounded by Kavalura villages. It falls under Agro Ecological Region (AER)–3: (Deccan plateau, hot arid ecosubregion) Karnataka Plateau (Rayalseema as inclusion), hot arid ESR with deep loamy and clayey mixed red and black soils, low to medium AWC and LGP 60-90 days We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified for each watershed. Results: We found that Social Indicators;  Male and female ratio is 56 to 44 per cent to the total sample population.  Younger age groups of population are around 63 per cent to the total population.  Literacy population is around 74 per cent.  Wood is the source of energy for a cooking among 80 per cent.  About 40 per cent of households have a Yashiswini health card.  Majority of farm households (80 %) are having MGNREGA card for rural employments.  Dependence on ration cards through public distribution system is around 100 per cent  Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 20 per cent of sample households.  Institutional participation is only 14.8 per cent of sample households.  Rural migration to unban centre for employment is prevent among 33 per cent of farm households.  Women participation is decisions making are around 40 per cent of households were found. Economic Indicators;  The average land holding is 5.12 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to marginal and small farmers. 2  Agriculture is the main occupation among 56 per cent and agricultural labours is predominant subsidiary occupation for 39 per cent of sample households.  The average value of domestic assets is around Rs 16744 per household. Mobile and television are mass popular mass communication media.  The average farm assets values is around 1.05 lakhs, about 40 per cent of sample farmers are owing tractors.  The average per capita food consumption is around 683 grams (1860 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition recommendation at 827 gram. Around 80 per cent of sample farmers are consuming less than the NIN recommendation.  The annual average income is around Rs 21973 per household. About 75 per cent of farm households are below poverty line.  The per capita monthly expenditure is around Rs 776 per household. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem services;  The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use.  The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs 8468 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs 2560349 per year for the total area of 312.58 ha.  The average value of ecosystem service for food production is around Rs 8749/ ha/year. Per ha food production services is maximum in chillies (Rs 34357/ha) followed by Bengal gram (Rs 5289/ha), Green gram (Rs. 4483/ha), Maize (Rs. 3801), sunflower (Rs. 3484) and onion (Rs. 1080/ha).  The average value of ecosystem service for fodder production is around Rs 4613/ ha/year of maize crop.  The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in Bengal gram (Rs 41564) followed by Green gram (Rs 40906), Sunflower (Rs 20351), Maize (Rs 15217), chillies (Rs. 2438) and Onion (Rs 672). Economic Land Evaluation;  The major cropping pattern is onion (39.32%) followed by sugarcane (17.1%), maize (13.76 %), Bengal gram (9.83 %), green gram (8.2 %), sunflower (7.86 %) and chillies (3.93 %).  In Adavalli-2 micro watershed, major soils are Muttal (MTL) series are having shallow soil deep cover around 34 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing onion (38 %), sunflower (33 %), bengal gram (19.5 %), maize (5.7 %) and chillies (3.8 %). Dambarahalli (DRL) soil series are having moderately deep soil depth cover around 7 per cent of area, major crops grown are maize. 3 Belagatti (BGT) soil series are having very shallow soil depth covers around 5.23 % of area, the major crop grown is green gram.  The total cost of cultivation in the study area for maize ranges between Rs. 17038/ha in MTL soil (with BCR of 1.60) and Rs. 14774/ha in DRL soil (with BCR of 1.34).  Green gram in the cost of cultivation of Rs. 20579/ ha in BGT soil (with BCR of 1.15).  In bengal gram the cost of cultivation in MTL soil is Rs. 19989 /ha (with BCR of 1.26).  In chillies the cost of cultivation in MTL soil is Rs. 27301/ha (with BCR of 2.17).  In onion the cost of cultivation in MTL soil is Rs. 7207/ ha (with BCR of 1.1) and sunflower cost of cultivation in MTL soil is Rs. 18680/ha (with BCR of 1.07). Suggestions;  Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation.  The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices.  Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments.  By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households.  By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in bengal gram (32.3 %), chillies (97 %), green gram (4.1 %), maize (72.5 to 83.7%), onion (98.9%) and sunflower (49.4%). ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

In recent years the transmission of the Human African Trypanosomiasis could be significantly reduced. The reported cases in 2016 reached a historic low level of 2184 cases and these achievements can be ascribed to intense control and surveillance programmes.118 However, most of the reported cases (>1000 in 2015) occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and thus, need to be treated adequately. In particular, when the parasites have traversed the blood-brain barrier (BBB), treatment proved to be even more difficult. In addition, the number of cases always came in waves due to many reasons, e.g., development of resistances. Thus, it can be expected from experiences of the past that the number of cases will increase again. Hence, novel chemical entities are desperately needed in order to overcome the drawbacks which are associated with the current treatment options. Our drug discovery approach included an initial drug repurposing strategy combined with a phenotypic screening. S. Niedermeier found novel active compounds derived from commercial fluoroquinolones. The most promising hit compound was further developed by G. Hiltensperger resulting in the lead quinolone amide GHQ168 (IC50 = 0.047 µM). This doctoral thesis is about new insights into the SAR of the quinolone amides and the enhancement of the lead compound. Special consideration was given to the fluorine atom in the quinolone amides and how certain fluorine substitution patterns influence the antitrypanosomal activity, physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics (i.e. 'fluorine walk'). Moreover, the ability of the compound class crossing the BBB should be investigated. This feature is inevitable necessary in order to potentially treat African sleeping sickness stage II. The Gould-Jacobs protocol was predominantly used for the synthesis of the quinolone core. Since former SAR studies mainly concentrated on the variation in positions 1, 3 and 7, quinolone scaffolds (2a-i) with diverse substitution patterns regarding positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 were synthesised in this thesis. The resulting quinolone amides were evaluated for their antitrypanosomal activity. Voluminous residues in position C-5 resulted in diminished activities (compounds 13, 16 and 18) and solely small-sized moieties were tolerated. In particular the fluorine atom in position 5 revealed beneficial trypanocidal effects as shown for compounds 6 (IC50 = 0.05 µM), 8 (IC50 = 0.04 µM), and 24 (IC50 = 0.02 µM). Furthermore, having fluorine only in position 5 of the quinolone core could considerably reduce the cytotoxic effects (CC50 >100 µM, SI = >2000 for 6). Hence, the 5-fluoro-substituted quinolone amides were considered superior to GHQ168. Regarding the C-6 position all other moieties (e.g., H in 9, OCH3 in 10, CF3 in 12) except of a fluorine atom decreased the activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. A double fluorination in C-6 and C-8 was not beneficial (IC50 = 0.06 µM for 7) and a single fluorine atom in C-8 even showed a negative effect (IC50 = 0.79 µM for 5). The logP value is considered a surrogate parameter for lipophlicity and thus, affecting permeability and solubility processes. In particular the fluorine atom influences the lipophilicity due to versatile effects: Lipophilicity is increased by additional fluorine atoms on aromatic rings (7, 23) and reduced by fluorine atoms at an alkyl chain (49), respectively. Additionally, the 5-fluoro-substituted quinolone amides (6, 8, and 24) could prove the contrary effect of decreasing lipophilicity when the aromatic fluorine substituent is in vicinity to a carbonyl group. For the most promising drug candidates 6, 23, and 24 the respective metabolites and the metabolic turnover were investigated by C. Erk. In comparison to GHQ168 the hydroxylation of the benzylamide was prevented by the para-fluorine atom. Hence, half-life was extended for compound 23 (t1/2 = 6.4 h) and N-desalkylation was the predominant pathway. Moreover, the respective fluorine substitution pattern of the quinolone core affected the metabolism of compound 6. The 5-fluoro-substituted quinolone amide was less prone for biotransformation (t1/2 = 7.2 h) and half-life could even be further prolonged for compound 24 (t1/2 = 7.7 h). Due to the most appropriate safety profile of compound 6, this particular drug candidate was considered for in vivo study. Its poor solubility made a direct intraperitoneal administration unfeasible. Thus, an amorphous solid dispersion of 6 was generated using the spray-drying method according to the previous protocol. Unfortunately, the required solubility for the predicted in vivo study was not achieved. Furthermore, the compound class of the quinolone amide was evaluated for its ability for brain penetration. The methanesulfonyl precursor 48 was synthesised and subsequently radiofluorinated in the group of Prof. Dr. Samnick (Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg). The labelled compound [18F]49 was administered to mice, and its distribution throughout the body was analysed using positron emission tomography and autoradiography, respectively. The autoradiography of the murine brains revealed medium to high concentrations of [18F]49. Therefore, the quinolone amides are generally suitable for treating Human African Trypanosomiasis stage II. A scaffold hopping approach was performed starting from the quinolone amides and concluding with the compound class of pyrazoloquinolin-3-ones. The intramolecular hydrogen bond between the sec. amide and the C-4 carbonyl moiety was replaced by a covalent bond. The two compound classes were comparable regarding the antitrypanosomal activity to some degree (IC50 = 7.9 µM (EK02) vs. 6.37 µM (53a)). However, a final evaluation of 59 was not possible due to poor solubility. ; Die Verbreitung der Afrikanischen Schlafkrankheit konnte in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich verringert werden. Die dokumentierten Fallzahlen aus 2016 erreichten ein historisch niedriges Niveau, was auf eine engmaschige Kontrolle und Überwachung zurückzuführen ist. Dennoch gibt es nach wie vor zahlreiche Krankheitsfälle (>1000 Fälle im Jahr 2015 für die Demokratische Republik Kongo), die entsprechend behandelt werden müssen. Die Therapie wird insbesondere dann erschwert, wenn die Parasiten die Blut-Hirn-Schranke überwunden haben. Außerdem treten die Krankheitsfälle aus mehreren Gründen, wie beispielsweise durch Resistenzentwicklung immer wieder schubweise auf. Die Erfahrungen aus der Vergangenheit zeigen, dass die Fallzahlen jederzeit wieder ansteigen können. Deshalb sind neue Arzneistoffe dringend notwendig, um die Nachteile der aktuellen Behandlungmöglichkeiten umgehen zu können. Unsere Suche nach neuen Wirkstoffen beinhaltete eine anfängliche Umwidmung eines zugelassenen Arzneistoffes in Verbindung mit einem Phänotyp-basierten Screening. S. Niedermeier entdeckte neue aktive Verbindungen, die sich von handelsüblichen Fluorchinolonen ableiteteten. Die vielversprechenste Substanz wurde von G. Hiltensperger zum Chinolonamid GHQ168 (IC50 = 0.047 µM) weiter optimiert. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit neuen Erkenntnissen zur Struktur-Wirkungs Beziehung der Chinolonamiden und mit der Verbesserung der Leitsubstanz. Besondere Berücksichtigung fanden dabei die Fluor-Substitutionen an den Chinolonamiden. Es sollte untersucht werden, inwiefern gewisse Fluorsubstitutionsmuster die antitrypanosomale Wirkung, physiko-chemische Eigenschaften und Pharmakokinetik beeinflussen ("Fluor Walk"). Außerdem sollte ermittelt werden, ob diese Substanzklasse die Blut-Hirn-Schranke überwinden kann. Dieses Merkmal muss unabdingbar vorhanden sein, um die Afrikanische Schlafkrankheit in Stufe II potentiell behandeln zu können. Das Gould-Jacobs-Verfahren wurde hauptsächlich für die Synthese des Chinolongrundgerüstes angewandt. Da sich die vorausgegangene Analyse der Struktur-Wirkungs Beziehungen vornehmlich auf das Variieren der Substitutenten in den Positionen 1, 3 und 7 konzentrierte, wurden in dieser Arbeit Chinolone (2a-i) mit diversen Substitutionsmustern in den Positionen 5, 6, 7 und 8 synthetisiert. Die erhaltenen Chinolonamide wurden auf ihre antitrypanosomale Aktivität untersucht. Voluminöse Reste in der Position C-5 verursachten verringerte Aktivitäten (Verbindungen 13, 16 and 18), d.h. nur kleine Reste waren hinnehmbar. Vor allem ein Fluor-Atom in Position 5 wirkte sich günstig auf die antitrypanosomale Wirkung aus, was mit Verbindungen 6 (IC50 = 0.05 µM), 8 (IC50 = 0.04 µM), und 24 (IC50 = 0.02 µM) gezeigt werden konnte. Des Weiteren reduzierte sich die zytotoxische Wirkung (CC50 >100 µM, SI = >2000 für 6), wenn sich das Fluor-Atom nur in Position 5 des Chinolongrundgerüsts befindet. Deshalb wurden die Chinolonamide mit Fluor in Position 5 gegenüber GHQ168 als überlegen erachtet. In Bezug auf Position 6 zeigen die Reste (z. B. H in 9, OCH3 in 10, CF3 in 12), mit Ausnahme des Fluor-Atoms, eine verringerte Aktivität gegenüber Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Eine zweifache Fluorsubstitution in C-6 und C-8 war nicht vorteilhaft (IC50 = 0.06 µM für 7) und ein einfaches Fluor-Atom in C-8 zeigte einen negativen Effekt (IC50 = 0.79 µM für 5). Der logP Wert wird als Surrogatparameter der Lipophilie betrachtet und wirkt sich somit auf Permeabilität- und Löslichkeitsprozesse aus. Insbesondere das Fluor-Atom beeinflusst die Lipophilie durch vielfältige Effekte: die Lipophilie wird durch zusätzliche Fluor-Atome am Aromaten erhöht (7, 23), beziehungsweise durch Fluor-Atome an einer Alkylkette verringert (49). Zusätzlich konnte für die 5-fluoro-substituierten Chinolonamide (6, 8, 24) der paradoxe Effekt gezeigt werden, dass die Lipophilie verringert wird, sobald ein aromatischer Fluorsubstituent in unmittelbarer Nähe zu einer Carbonylgruppe steht. Für die vielversprechensten Wirkstoffkandidaten 6, 23 und 24 wurden die jeweiligen Metabolite und der metabolische Umsatz von C. Erk untersucht. Im Vergleich zu GHQ168 wurde einer Hydroxylierung des Benzylamid-Restes durch eine para-Fluor-Substitution vorgebeugt. Dadurch wurde die Halbwertszeit der Verbindung 23 verlängert (t1/2 = 6.4 h) und eine N-Desalkylierung war der vorrangige Abbauweg. Außerdem wirkte sich das entsprechende Fluorsubstitutionsmuster auf den Metabolismus von Substanz 6 aus. Das 5-fluoro-substitutierte Chinolonamid war weniger anfällig für Biotransformationen (t1/2 = 7.2 h) und die Halbwertszeit konnte für die Substanz 24 sogar noch weiter verlängert werden (t1/2 = 7.7 h). Aufgrund des geeigneten Sicherheitsprofils der Verbindung 6, wurde für diesen Wirkstoffkandidaten eine In-vivo-Studie in Betracht gezogen. Die schlechte Wasserlöslichkeit machte jedoch eine direkte intraperitoneale Gabe unpraktikabel. Deshalb wurde durch Sprühtrocknung der Verbindung 6, gemäß der früheren Vorgehensweise, eine "amorphous solid dispersion" erzeugt. Die benötigte Löslichkeit für die vorausberechnete In-vivo-Studie wurde dabei leider nicht erreicht. Darüber hinaus wurde die Substanzklasse der Chinolonamide hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit, ins Gehirn zu gelangen, untersucht. Dazu wurde die Methansulfonyl-Vorstufe 48 in der Gruppe von Prof. Dr. Samnick (Institut für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklink Würzburg) synthetisiert und mit [18F]Fluor markiert. Die markierte Verbindung [18F]49 wurde anschließend in Mäuse injiziert und dessen Verteilung im Körper mittels Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie, beziehungsweise mittels Autoradiographie analysiert. Die Autoradiographie der Mäusegehirne zeigte mittlere bis hohe Konzentrationen von [18F]49. Demnach sind die Chinolonamide generell dafür geeignet, die Afrikanische Schlafkrankheit in Stufe II zu behandeln. Ein "Scaffold Hopping"-Ansatz wurde für die Chinolonamide angestrebt und ergab schließlich die Substanzklasse der Pyrazolochinolin-3-one. Die intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindung zwischen dem sek. Amid und der Carbonylgruppe in C-4 wurde durch eine kovalente Bindung ersetzt. Die beiden Substanzklassen waren im Ansatz, bezogen auf ihre antitrypanosomale Wirkung, miteinander vergleichbar (IC50 = 7.9 µM (EK02) vs. 6.37 µM (53a)). Dennoch konnte eine abschließende Bewertung aufgrund mangelnder Löslichkeit nicht stattfinden.

WOS:000488071200020 ; A search for decays of the Higgs and Z boson to pairs of J/psi or Y(nS)(n = 1, 2, 3) mesons, with their subsequent decay to mu(+)mu(-) pairs, is presented. The analysis uses data from proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2017 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 fb(-1). While an observation of such a decay with this sample would indicate the presence of physics beyond the standard model, no significant excess is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the branching fractions of these decays. In the J/psi pair channel, the limits are 1.8 x 10(-3) and 2.2 x 10(-6) for the Higgs and Z boson, respectively, while in the combined Y(nS) pair channel, the limits are 1.4 x 10(-3) and 1.5 x 10(-6), respectively, when the mesons from the Higgs and Z boson decay are assumed to be unpolarized. When fully longitudinal and transverse polarizations are considered the limits reduce by about 22-29% and increase by about 10-13%, respectively. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); MOST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; CSF (Croatia); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); Marie-Curie programEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440, 752730, 765710]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOSFWO [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science AMP; Technology CommissionBeijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z181100004218003]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, 129058]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European UnionEuropean Union (EU); European Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU) [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861]; Sonata-bis [2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis and Aristeia programs; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); BMBWF (Austria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; PUT (Estonia); HIP (Finland); MSIP (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV (Mexico); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); ROSATOM (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MoSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/M004775/1, ST/K003542/1, ST/L005603/1, ST/N001273/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, ROSATOM, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MoSTR(Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).r Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be. h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No.; Z181100004218003; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet (" Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105, 128713, 128786, and 129058 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, European Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000490172000004 ; PubMed:31713548 ; A measurement for inclusive 2- and 3-jet events of the azimuthal correlation between the two jets with the largest transverse momenta, Delta phi(12), is presented. The measurement considers events where the two leading jets are nearly collinear ("back-to-back") in the transverse plane and is performed for several ranges of the leading jet transverse momentum. Proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) are used. Predictions based on calculations using matrix elements at leading-order and next-to-leading-order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics supplemented with leading-log parton showers and hadronization are generally in agreement with themeasurements. Discrepancies between the measurement and theoretical predictions are as large as 15%, mainly in the region 177 degrees < Delta phi(12) < 180 degrees. The 2- and 3-jet measurements are not simultaneously described by any of models. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLPFAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programEuropean Union (EU); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie doorWetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h projectFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [30820817]; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h projectFWO [30820817]; Beijing Municipal Science AMP; Technology CommissionBeijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission [Z181100004218003]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Program; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP; NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science - European Union; Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program - EU-ESF; Aristeia program - EU-ESF; Thalis program - Greek NSRF; Aristeia program - Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of theWorldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effec-tively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and theCMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie doorWetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science -EOS" -be.h project n. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No.; r Z181100004218003; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000477924000040 ; A measurement of WZ electroweak (EW) vector boson scattering is presented. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ -> l nu l'l', where l, l' = e, mu. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV at the LHC collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) . The WZ plus two jet production cross section is measured in fiducial regions with enhanced contributions from EW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The EW WZ production in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.2 (2.5) standard deviations. Constraints on charged Higgs boson production and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-eight effective field theory operators are also presented. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Ministry of Science and Higher EducationMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis programme; Aristeia programme; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/L005603/1, ST/N000242/1, ST/K003542/1 GRID PP, ST/N001273/1, ST/M004775/1, ST/K003542/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Rachada-pisek Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000482213300004 ; PubMed:31524889 ; Exclusive.(770) 0 photoproduction is measured for the first time in ultraperipheral pPb collisions at v s NN = 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector. The cross section s(.p.(770) 0 p) is 11.0 +/- 1.4 (stat) +/- 1.0 (syst) mu b at W. p = 92.6GeV for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies W. p between 29 and 213 GeV. The differential cross section ds/d| t| is measured in the interval 0.025 < | t| < 1GeV 2 as a function of W. p, where t is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The results are compared with previous measurements and theoretical predictions. The measured cross section s(.p.(770) 0 p) has a power-law dependence on the photon-proton centre-of-mass, consistent with electron-proton collision measurements performed at HERA. The W. p dependence of the exponential slope of the differential cross section ds/d| t| is also measured. ; BMWFW (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERCIUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF(Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; OTKA (Hungary)Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA); NIH (Hungary)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (UK)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programme (European Union)European Union (EU); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h projectFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [30820817]; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h projectFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP; NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development Fund (Poland); Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Thalis programme - EU-ESF; European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC) [675440]; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO(Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERCIUTand ERDF(Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS andRFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI andCPAN(Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (UK); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, Grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); theWelch Foundation, contract C-1845; and theWeston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000478045600005 ; The almost hermetic coverage of the CMS detector is used to measure the distribution of transverse energy, E-T, over 13.2 units of pseudorapidity, eta, for pPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV. The huge angular acceptance exploits the fact that the CASTOR calorimeter at -6.6 < eta < -5.2 is effectively present on both sides of the colliding system because of a switch in the proton-going and lead-going beam directions. This wide acceptance enables the study of correlations between well-separated angular regions and makes the measurement a particularly powerful test of event generators. For minimum bias pPb collisions the maximum value of dE(T)/d eta is 22 GeV, which implies an E-T per participant nucleon pair comparable to that of peripheral PbPb collisions at root s(NN) 7 = 2.76 TeV. The increase of dE(T)/d eta with centrality is much stronger for the lead-going side than for the proton-going side. The i dependence of dE(T)/d eta is sensitive to the eta range in which the centrality variable is defined. Several modern generators are compared to these results but none is able to capture all aspects of the eta and centrality dependence of the data and the correlations observed between different eta regions. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program; Aristeia program; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detectors provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science-EOS" Project No. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research Grants No. 123842, No. 123959, No. 124845, No. 124850, and No. 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000472521700004 ; A search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a W or a Z boson and decaying to a pair of leptons is performed. A data sample of proton-proton collisions collected at p s = 13TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb. The signal strength is measured relative to the expectation for the standard model Higgs boson, yielding = 2: 5 +1:4. These results are combined with earlier CMS measurements targeting Higgs boson decays to a pair of leptons, performed with the same data set in the gluon fusion and vector boson fusion production modes. The combined signal strength is = 1: 24 +0:29 (1: 00 +0:24 expected), and the observed signi fi cance is 5.5 standard deviations (4.8 expected) for a Higgs boson mass of 125GeV. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (U.S.A.)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (U.S.A.)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union) [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be. h projectFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [30820817]; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be. h projectFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP; NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientfica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu Asturias [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program - EU-ESF; Aristeia program - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be. h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientfica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (U.S.A.).

WOS:000466407200001 ; PubMed:31148943 ; A measurement of the top quark-antiquark pair production cross section sigma(t (t) over bar) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016. Dilepton events (e(+/-) mu(-/+), mu(+) mu(-), e(+) e(-)) are selected and the cross section is measured from a likelihood fit. For a top quark mass parameter in the simulation of m(t)(MC) = 172.5 GeV the fit yields a measured cross section sigma(t (t) over bar) = 803 +/- 2 (stat) +/- 25 (syst) +/- 20 (lumi) pb, in agreement with the expectation from the standard model calculation at next-to-next-to-leading order. A simultaneous fit of the cross section and the top quark mass parameter in the POWHEG simulation is performed. The measured value of m(t)(MC) = 172.33 +/- 0.14 (stat)(-0.72)(+0.66) (syst) GeV is in good agreement with previous measurements. The resulting cross section is used, together with the theoretical prediction, to determine the top quark mass and to extract a value of the strong coupling constant with different sets of parton distribution functions. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie programme (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC); Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)Hungarian Academy of Sciences; New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development FundEuropean Union (EU); Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis programme; Aristeia programme; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Programme and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

WOS:000466094100001 ; PubMed:31180390 ; A search for the pair production of heavy vector-like partners T and B of the top and bottom quarks has been performed by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC using proton-proton collisions at . The data sample was collected in 2016 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 production include those where one of the T quarks decays via TtZ and the other via TbW, tZ, or tH, where H is a Higgs boson. For the BB case, final states include those where one of the B quarks decays via BbZ and the other BtW, bZ, or bH. Events with two oppositely charged electrons or muons, consistent with coming from the decay of a Z boson, and jets are investigated. The number of observed events is consistent with standard model background estimations. Lower limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the masses of the T and B quarks for a range of branching fractions. Assuming 100% branching fractions for TtZ, and BbZ, T and B quark mass values below 1280 and 1130 respectively, are excluded. ; BMBWF (Austria); FWF (Austria)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FNRS (Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; FWO (Belgium)FWO; CNPq (Brazil)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); CAPES (Brazil)CAPES; FAPERJ (Brazil)Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); FAPERGS (Brazil)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); FAPESP (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China)Chinese Academy of Sciences; MoST (China)Ministry of Science and Technology, China; NSFC (China)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia)Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias; MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia)Estonian Research Council; ERDF (Estonia)European Union (EU); Academy of Finland (Finland)Academy of Finland; MEC (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France)French Atomic Energy Commission; CNRS/IN2P3 (France)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); BMBF (Germany)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF); DFG (Germany)German Research Foundation (DFG); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece)Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT; NKFIA (Hungary); DAE (India)Department of Atomic Energy (DAE); DST (India)Department of Science & Technology (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland)Science Foundation Ireland; INFN (Italy)Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); BUAP (Mexico); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); LNS (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLPFAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal)Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia)Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR (Russia)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR); NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); PCTI (Spain); FEDER (Spain)European Union (EU); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TAEK (Turkey)Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine)State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR); STFC (United Kingdom)Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); DOE (USA)United States Department of Energy (DOE); NSF (USA)National Science Foundation (NSF); Marie-Curie program (European Union)European Union (EU); European Research Council (European Union)European Union (EU)European Research Council (ERC) [675440]; Horizon 2020 Grant (European Union)European Union (EU) [675440]; Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan FoundationAlfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy OfficeBelgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium)Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Agentschap voor Innovatie doorWetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium)Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); F.R.S.-FNRS (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h projectFonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS [30820817]; FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h projectFWO [30820817]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic; Lendulet ("Momentum") Program (Hungary); Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); New National Excellence Program UNKP (Hungary); NKFIA (Hungary) [123842, 123959, 124845, 124850, 125105]; Council of Science and Industrial Research, IndiaCouncil of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science; Regional Development Fund (Poland); Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland); National Science Center (Poland)National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Center, Poland [Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406]; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu [MDM-2015-0509]; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; Thalis program - EU-ESF; Aristeia program - EU-ESF; Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship (Thailand); Chulalongkorn University (Thailand)Chulalongkorn University; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); Welch FoundationThe Welch Foundation [C-1845]; Weston Havens Foundation (USA); European Union (Poland)European Union (EU); Science and Technology Facilities CouncilScience & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N000242/1] Funding Source: researchfish ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS, RFBR, and NRC KI (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI, and FEDER (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract No. 675440 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie doorWetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the "Excellence of Science - EOS" - be.h project n. 30820817; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Lendulet ("Momentum") Program and the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program UNKP, the NKFIA research grants 123842, 123959, 124845, 124850 and 125105 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu, grant MDM-2015-0509 and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).