Suchergebnisse

This paper analyzes the reasons behind the Massacre of Workers in the Banana Zone of Magdalena, Colombia, carried out by the Colombian Army on December 6th, 1928. The author describes the dynamics of the International Banana Market and its relationship with the multinational companies and with the Colombian Labor and Trade Union regulations. There is also an analysis of the past history and context of this conflict, which inspired the Nobel Prize Winner Gabriel García Márquez in one of the chapters of his novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude", and of the manipulation of the information as registered by the Colombian Government and the United Fruit Company. ; El presente trabajo analiza las condiciones del porqué se presentó la masacre obrera ocurrida el 6 de diciembre de 1928 en la Región Bananera del Magdalena (Colombia) por parte de las tropas del Ejército colombiano, para ello, se hace una descripción de las dinámicas del entorno mundial de la fruta, su relación con las compañías multinacionales y el régimen laboral y sindical en Colombia. De igual forma se hace un análisis del contexto y de los antecedentes del conflicto, así como también de la tergiversación de la información presentada por parte del Estado Colombiana y la United Fruit Company, hechos estos que sirvieron de base para inspirar un capítulo de la novela "Cien Años de Soledad" del Nobel en literatura Gabriel García Márquez.

228Sovereign immunity — Agencies and instrumentalities of foreign States — Whether contracts between United States impressario and USSR State concert society were commercial or artistic and governmental in character — Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — Whether Section 1605 (a) (5) (B) of the Act restricted scope of "commercial activity" exception to sovereign immunity — The law of the United States

This articles aims to understand the practice of empowerment through assistance to salak farmers. The study includes 60 salak fruit farmers which are taken as the samples. Descriptive analysis is used to analyze the obtained data from the study. The research result shows that most respondents have the relative low level of empowerment. The empowerment level from business aspect explain that most of the respondent (73%) are never and could not got the financial assistant to develop their business. Likewise, it could be happen in the technological access, most of the respondent (56,7%) explain that in the production process the technology that used is base on traditional and hereditary. So, it is depend on labour relieves when the production and harvest process. Furthermore, the research shows that a low level of a capability to access the market information. It could be seen that most of the farmers (38,3%) directly selling their product to the consumers and 33,3% sell their product to the broker. The empowerment from non economic aspect could be seen from the low ability of lobbying aspect, like the asking for a relieves from their colleagues at the local government officer (10%), financial institution like cooperation, bank and etc (25%), society figures (32,1%), employees (32,1%), non government institution/ academision (10%) and a families (93,3%). To empower the farmers in order to make them sustainable, it is necessary to built a partnership by empowerment strategy. The empowerment strategy that involves industry as the farmers' partner is carried out to improve the empowerment of the farmers of salak fruits.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi praktek pemberdayaan melalui pendampingan petani buah salak. Sebanyak 60 orang petani salak diambil sebagai sampel. Analisis deskriptif telah digunakan untuk menganalisis data dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat di daerah penelitian mengaku pada saat panen melimpah harga jual buah salak sangat rendah. Tingkat keberdayaan dari Aspek Usaha menunjukkan bahwa dalam mengakses kredit sebagian besar responden (73%) menyatakan tidak pernah atau tidak mampu mendapatkan kredit untuk pengembangan usahanya. Demikian juga dalam megakses teknologi sebagian besar responden (56,7%) menyatakan bahwa dalam melakukan proses produksi berdasarkan turun-temurun dimana teknologi dalam melakukan produksi bersifat tradisonal dan menggunakan insting, sehingga masih tergantung adanya bantuan dari orang lain pada saat terjadi masalah baik dalam proses produksi maupun pada saat panen. Selajutnya kemampuan dalam mengakses informasi pasar menunjukkan rendah yang dapat dilihat dari pemasaran hasil panen sebagian besar (38,3%) dijual langsung ke konsumen dan kepada tengkulak (33,3%). Tingkat keberdayaan dari aspek non-ekonmi yang dilihat dari kemampuan lobbying menunjukkan masih relative rendah, seperti keberhasilan dalam meminta bantuan kenalannya di Pemda sebsar 10%, lembaga keuangan seperti koperasi, bank, dan lain sebagainya sebesar 25%, tokoh masyarakat sebesar 32,1%, pengusaha sebesar 32,1%, akademisi/LSM sebesar 10% dan saudara 93,3%. Untuk meningkatkan keberdayaan petani agar mampu menjalankan usahataninya secara berkelanjutan serta meningkatkan nilai tambah, diperlukan adanya kemitraan yang dapat dilakukan melalui Strategi Pemberdayaan.

This poster deals with the case "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, Case no. 8041, 135 F. 2d 494 (3d Cir. 1943)." ; https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/government_posters/1043/thumbnail.jpg

The preservation of fruit genetic resources has a long-lasting tradition in Germany. It dates back to the early decades of the 20th century. Ever since, a multitude of cultivars of different fruit crop species is preserved in federal and state governmental institutions as well as in communities and towns, non-governmental organizations, and by private individuals. The German Fruit Genebank has been established as a decentralized network with the aim to coordinate the preservation in the different germplasm collections in Germany to minimize the risk of losing cultivars of fruit species and therefore to maintain a part of the cultural heritage. Currently, the German Fruit Genebank is composed of six species-specific networks consisting of 48 different collections. In addition to the cultivar collections, the Fruit genebank of the Institute of Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden-Pillnitz includes collections of crop wild relatives of the fruit species important for fruit production in Central Europe. Special emphasis is given on the genera Malus and Fragaria representing 46 and 22 taxa respectively. These accessions are valued for their diverse alleles but also for their specific genotypes. Different cryopreservation protocols were elaborated. For Fragaria a protocol combining vitrification with cold acclimation and for Malus a protocol based on dormant winter buds can now be realistically used to build up a Cryo bank as a duplicate collection. Based on the results provided, a combination of the traditional ex situ conservation approach and cryopreservation approach has a great potential to improve conservation of fruit genetic resources contributing to the National Program for Genetic Resources of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops in Germany.