Suchergebnisse

In the agricultural and food sectors, innovation is characterized not only by specificities arising from its relationship to nature and social condition of food, but also from the wide diversity of its stakeholders, ranging from farmers to consumers, and including intermediaries such as the research community and advisory services. Innovation emerges from interactions between these actors, who mobilize resources and produce knowledge in collaborative mechanisms in order to generate changes. It encompasses domains as varied as production practices, resource management, market organization, or new food and eating habits. Innovation in agriculture and food system is also marked today by the convergence of global challenges, such as food security, climate change, ecological transition, social and territorial issues…. Innovations are thus being reshaped in the current transitions of our societies, calling for new perspective to both economic actors and researchers who analyse on the evolution of agriculture and food. This communication presents the main insight from a research program carried out by the joint research unit "Innovation"(Cirad, Inra, Montpellier Supagro), and based on the analysis of innovation processes in Europe and Southern countries1. Five points will be developed: - Innovation in the agricultural and agri-food sectors is the subject of increasing debates that give it a very political dimension. We present these debates according to five plans: the ethical considerations that define what is a "good" innovation; the definition of its objectives that go beyond the economic aspects and open up to the challenges of sustainable development; the debates on the beneficiaries of the innovation; the recognition of the actors of innovation and the way to innovate, with more open and collaborative methods that question the actors in agriculture and food sectors - Innovation in agriculture and food system is more and more analyzed by interdisciplinary research that combines a tradition of applied work with the academic contributions of "Innovation Studies", "transition studies" and "Science and Technology Studies". Innovation is thus increasingly analyzed as a complex process that results from interactions between many actors, intervening in a given context, associating technical, organizational and institutional dimensions. While some work continues to favor a highly technological vision of innovation, a growing body of research considers at the same time the central role of farmers and entrepreneurs, the influence of learning networks and the framing of more or less favorable institutions. - Globalization has not eliminated the specificities of agricultural and agrifood innovations. Indeed, it even tends to renew them, given the convergence of the transitions in which the sector is engaged. The specificity of these innovations emerges from the co-evolution of the anthropological relationships that underpin these activities, the inherited innovation systems built to regulate them and the global challenges they must address. - these innovations refer to different agricultural and food production models that go beyond the 'industrial vs alternative' divide, and in particular to models of differentiated quality (naturalistic, ethical, origin or proximity); the coexistence of these models in most countries appears both as a feature of globalization and as a sectoral specificity; while innovations can be part of each of these models, they can also result from their combinations and interactions. - these new perspectives on innovation in agriculture and food systems generates a set of new methods on supporting innovation: co-design approaches for innovative technical systems using modeling and experimentation with farmers; evolution of consulting and device based on NTIC and multi-stakeholder collectives to facilitate innovation; new methods for evaluating the impacts of innovations on development dynamics, reinforcing the issues of finality and ethics…

Leisure shopping expanded enormously over the course of the twentieth and into the twenty-first century, and shopping now monopolises most Western cities and structures the everyday lives of the people that live in them. This development has entrenched consumer capitalism (along with its ethos of exponential growth) as the only viable socio-economic model, even as its chronic problems of environmental, social, and economic unsustainability continue to grow. This thesis approaches this thorny problem from a fresh perspective, that of leisure shopping as a fundamentally embodied practice, and the phenomenological relation between shopper and city that this embodied practice generates. The thesis argues that, while the practice of leisure shopping can certainly arouse a raft of experiential and aesthetic pleasures, insofar as shopping is responsible for environmental degradation and social injustice, its aesthetic pleasures are also ethically compromised. It proposes that this gap between the ethics and aesthetics of shopping can, nevertheless, be bridged, and the aesthetics of shopping redirected to ethical effect. It investigates ways of building this bridge by drawing on the two correspondingly contradictory methodologies of phenomenology and Situationism, and applying them to the practice of leisure shopping. Through these means, it shows how the model of shopping imposed by consumer capitalism can be redirected to generate a sustainable model of shopping. One that both resists and transcends the consumption imperative and, as such, meets key criteria for the three-fold model of environmental, social, and economic sustainability, otherwise known as the 'three pillars' model. As arch anti-consumerists with a neo-Marxist agenda, the Situationists were ideologically biased and committed to socio-political change through revolution. Phenomenology, on the other hand, strives to set aside all bias and intention, and concentrate instead on an ideologically impartial study of first person experience. While these two methods approach their respective fields of operation with very different attitudes, they are both self-reflective practices that prioritise first person experience. By drawing them together and weaving them into a hybrid method, this thesis also constructs a self-reflective methodology. In this instance, however, the impartiality of phenomenology constrains the political bias of Situationism to generate a method of 'checks and balances'. Through this thesis, I detail this method and explain how I applied it to conduct four shopping experiments in Melbourne city's retail heartland. In the process, I unpack how these experiments enabled me to access leisure shopping in unusual ways and work fruitfully with both its problems and its pleasures. This approach to the research has proceeded on the basis that the two main discourses that have informed the consumption debate to date – the pro-consumption aesthetic pleasures analysis and the anti-consumption neo-Marxist ethical critique – are theoretical extremes that have been locked in a stalemate of mutual oversight and denial for too long. As a result, they have hindered rather than helped the contemporary sustainability discourse in its drive to find practical solutions to the overconsumption that leisure shopping epitomises. By analysing the outcomes of the four experiments through both discourses, and bringing the insights of each to bear critically on the oversights of the other, the thesis overcomes this stalemate and describes, instead, an alternate practice of leisure shopping that is both aesthetically pleasurable and ethically sound. In view of the anti-consumption critique's cornerstone claim that leisure shopping is, at best, a complete ethical void and, at worst, a deadly aesthetic siren call, this redirection of the aesthetics of shopping to ethical effect is a significant and original outcome of the research.

The legislation, which is being proposed on the affirmation of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression, is apparently seeking to protect a category of people who may find it hard and painful to come to terms with their condition as being different from that of their peers or the rest of the population. An analysis of the provisions of the Bill, however, shows that everyone in practice will be hindered from having free access to professional guidance, advice and any other therapeutic help that may be appropriate and needed with respect to one's sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression. Provisions on Unlawful Actions or Practices: Read superficially, the Bill gives the impression that the law will only intervene to protect the vulnerable and to ensure that no conversion therapy is offered and much less applied against one's own free will. In fact, however, the proposed legislation will affect persons who are not vulnerable and who out of their own free will seek appropriate forms of therapy to change their own sexual orientation, gender identity and, or gender expression. Legal Aspects: The Bill is inconsistent with the premises behind the Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics Act, 2015, and with the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. It also violates the Constitutional provisions on discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. The 2015 Law allows any person, including minors, to change their gender identity. The Bill, however, purports to render illegal, the resort to treatment "that aims to change … a person's sexual orientation, gender identity and, or gender expression." The judgements of the European Court of Human Rights lay stress on the important role of counselling in gender identity matters, making it an integral and indispensable part of the process. Why is it imperative to have compulsory counselling about physical gender choices, but a criminal offence to have voluntary counselling about psychological gender choices? What so forcefully applies to the first, should, with equal force, apply to the second. The Bill could be interpreted as relying on the generally accepted, but narrower, meaning of 'conversion therapy', which is treatment directed at changing the sexual orientation of a person from homosexual to heterosexual. If this is the intended meaning of conversion therapy, then the Bill is suffering from a most basic and manifest 'discrimination' failure. Specifically seeking to change, repress or eliminate the orientation of a person from homosexual to heterosexual would be made a criminal offence by the Bill. But, it would be perfectly legitimate to assist a heterosexual to become homosexual. That homosexuals and heterosexuals are afforded the same legal standing and protection is perfectly legitimate. This Bill does not do that. Professional Autonomy: The Bill fails to take into consideration complex realities encountered in clinical practice and overrides the professional ethics of psychologists, counsellors, etc. who regulate their conduct in the best interests of their clients. The Bill takes away the power from the client to set their goals with the therapist and criminalises any deviation from what it decrees. In so doing, the Bill restricts psychologists, counsellors etc. from the free exercise of their profession. Conclusion: The legislation being proposed on the affirmation of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression raises a number of serious ethical and legal issues. Rather than fostering a 'culture of dignity' in which every citizen, irrespective of sexual orientation or gender identity or expression, lives in an inclusive culture of recognition between human beings, the proposed Bill promotes discrimination, disrespect for personal autonomy and distrust in the accountability of professional bodies. ; non peer-reviewed

Uno de los recursos más utilizados para llevar a la prácticas políticas de inclusión educativa son los programas Entrenamiento en Habilidades Sociales, ya sea en forma de actividades específicas en la programación del aula con un tiempo y espacio propio (Educación para la Ciudadanía, Ética, Educación en Valores, Tutoría Grupal…), o como un elemento transversal a trabajar en los distintos contenidos a la hora de establecer los objetivos a conseguir por un equipo educativo en los distintos ámbitos de la educación formal como no formal. Los programas de intervención de Habilidades Sociales basados en los Derechos Asertivos de Smith (1975) generan multitud de dinámicas aplicadas, pero presentan una fundamentación teórica prácticamente nula en la que se entremezclan elementos muy diversos sin una articulación coherente (derechos del consumidor, imposición de objetivos individualistas, racionalización de beneficios…) (CABALLO, 1991) y ( ROCA, 2005). Esta carencia acaba fomentando un aprendizaje opuesto al que se pretende: lejos de mejorar las habilidades de relación con los demás como deber y un fin en sí mismo, objetivo primordial en una educación inclusiva, se aprende a tratar a los demás como un medio para conseguir los objetivos individuales sean cuales sean. Comportamiento éste muy habilidoso, pero ciertamente antisocial. Es decir, el mensaje, la justificación que se transmite por la que la alternativa asertiva es preferible a la agresiva o a la pasiva es que supuestamente consigue mejor los objetivos "es más útil", no porque se interiorice que es la alternativa que preserva mejor los derechos de los demás y propios. Esta situación puede producirse si entendemos los programas de Habilidades Sociales como una técnica (un cómo hacer), una herramienta lista y preparada para trabajar la competencia social, sin reflexionar primero sobre sus fundamentos, objetivos y horizontes (un por qué hacer). ; One of the resources more used to take to the political practices of educative inclusion is the programs Training in Social Abilities, or in the form of specific activities in the programming of the classroom with a time and own space (Education for the Citizenship, Ethics, Education in Values, Group Position of a guardian …), or like a cross-sectional element to work in the different contents at the time of establishing the objectives to obtain by an educative equipment in the different scopes of the formal education like nonformal. The programs of intervention of Social Abilities based on the Assertive Rights of Smith (1975) generate multitude of dynamic applied, but they present/display practically null a theoretical founding in which very diverse elements without a coherent joint are intermingled (right of the consumer, imposition of individualistic objectives, rationalization of benefits …) (CABALLO, 1991) y ( ROCA, 2005). This deficiency ends up fomenting an opposed learning to which it is tried: far from to improve the abilities of relation with the others as to have and an aim in itself, objective fundamental in an inclusive education, it is learned to try to the others like means to secure the individual objectives whatever. Behavior this one very skillful, but certainly antisocial. That is to say, the message, the justification that is transmitted by that the assertive alternative is preferable to the aggressive one or to the passive one it is that supposedly obtains better to the objectives "is more useful", because is not internalised that it is the alternative that preserves better the rights of the others and own. This situation can take place if we understand the programs of Social Abilities like a technique (how to do), a tool ready and prepared to work the social competition, without reflecting first on its foundations, objectives and horizons (why to do). ; peerReviewed

Abstract. In the public administration, in the government, represented by the government dependencies, as public officials who are rationale and basis for these units, by having the commitment of efficiently responding the society demands in order to fulfill the social needs and to maintain the growing service vocation in the office conferred, honesty and transparency in the management of public resources, left a historical trail of corruption. The honest and efficient application of the public resources is a permanent government task, because it derives in a large part the welfare of society and thereby strengthens confidence in public institutions. If the public resources are not well applied, represents the bad part of the society called corruption. One of the most ancient problems that has affected the humanity is precisely the corruption, because it undermines the legitimacy of the public institutions, attempts against the society, the justice, the ethics, the moral order and the nation integral growth. The corruption attempts against the sustainable development and the law mandate and diminish the trust of the citizens and government dependencies and the own activity of public service. The exercise of the fiscalisation is without a doubt a mechanism of control at the application of public spending. Hence, is really important to those who make their labor and professional activity in the governmental area, to count with a fiscal entity that shows confidence in their act. In the promotion and strengthening of the prevention and combat of corruption, the Auditoria Superior del Estado de Nuevo León (ASENL), manifests as a legit instrument to counter the public functionaries behavior deviations. Resumen. En la administración pública, tanto el gobierno, representado por las dependencias gubernamentales, como los funcionarios públicos que dan razón de ser y fundamento a estas dependencias, al tener el compromiso de responder eficientemente a las demandas de la sociedad para satisfacer sus necesidades sociales y además de mantener una creciente vocación de servicio en el cargo conferido, honestidad y transparencia en el manejo de los recursos públicos, han dejado una histórica estela de casos de corrupción. La aplicación honesta y eficiente de los recursos públicos es tarea permanente del gobierno, pues de ello deriva en gran parte el bienestar de la sociedad y por ende el fortalecimiento de la confianza en las instituciones públicas. El no aplicar en forma honesta los recursos públicos, representa alimentar el mal social llamado corrupción. Uno de los problemas ancestrales que más ha afectado a la humanidad es precisamente la corrupción, pues ésta socava la legitimidad de las instituciones públicas, atenta contra la sociedad, la justicia, la ética, el orden moral y el crecimiento integral de la nación. La corrupción atenta contra el desarrollo sostenible y el mandato de la ley y disminuye la confianza de los ciudadanos en las dependencias de gobierno y en la propia actividad del servidor público. El ejercicio de la fiscalización es sin duda un mecanismo de control en la aplicación del gasto público. Por ello, es de suma importancia para quienes ejercen su actividad profesional y laboral en el ámbito gubernamental, el contar con una entidad fiscalizadora que proyecte y demuestre confianza en su actuar. En la promoción y el fortalecimiento de las medidas de prevención y combate de la corrupción, la Auditoría Superior del Estado de Nuevo León (ASENL), se manifiesta como instrumento legitimo para contrarrestar las desviaciones en la conducta de los funcionarios públicos.

Krisen erschüttern die Routinen des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens. Zugleich offenbaren sie, wie Gesellschaften funktionieren, zu welchen Anpassungsleistungen sie fähig sind und über welche Ressourcen sie verfügen. Die Coronakrise hat gezeigt, wie moderne Gesellschaften auf Gesundheitskrisen reagieren und zur Bewältigung mannigfaltige Technologien einsetzen, um in einer Situation der gegenseitigen Bedrohung ihr weiteres Funktionieren sicherzustellen. Der Band widmet sich dieser Rolle von Technologien der Krise in einer theoretischen, normativen und empirischen Perspektive und versammelt Beiträge aus Soziologie, Computer Science, Ethik und Gesundheitswissenschaft.

Use of qualitative interviews with individuals currently receiving mental health services has increased over the last decade in the United States due to the calls for system change that emphasizes individuals' perceptions of their own progress. However, interviews with youth receiving mental health services are rarely encountered. In this article, an overview of methodological considerations when conducting an interview inquiry with youth currently receiving mental health services will be discussed, incorporating suggestions from the published literature and our experiences with previous interview studies. Our theoretical definition of youth receiving mental health services along with six major areas of concern: appropriate interview questions, youth development of cognitive ability, ethical issues, power relationships, cultural competency, and methods of interview inquiry are discussed. Finally, other researchers are encouraged to investigate techniques for gathering rich data through interview research with youth experiencing mental health issues.

"Es gibt den Leib. Und: Ohne den Leib gibt es keine Innovationen. Genauer: Ohne den Leib gibt es weder soziale Praktiken des Innovationsmanagements noch solche des Innovierens, Produzierens, Konsumierens etc. Das sind die Antworten, die ich auf die Frage nach einer Zusammenfassung des Themas meiner Arbeit in zwei, drei Sätzen geben würde". Mit diesen Worten beginnt der Autor seine umfangreiche Studie, deren Gegenstand seit einigen Jahren wieder im Zentrum betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlicher Diskussionen steht: Innovationen und deren Management. Gefragt wird dann nach den Möglichkeiten, Anlässen und Orten zur "schöpferischen Zerstörung" (Schumpeter): Wie weiß man, wann (und wo) es sich lohnt, statt auf den gewohnten Standardablauf auf die Erkundung des Neuen und dessen - oft aufwändige - Implementierung zu setzen? Die geforderte Revision erfolgt aus einer phänomenologischen Perspektive. Einerseits müssen Modellierungen sozialen Handelns, sozialer Ordnung und sozialen Wandels neu konzipiert werden; andererseits muss bei der Gestaltung von Produkten und Dienstleistungen berücksichtig werden, welche leiblichen Akteure in welcher Art von Interaktion mit ihrer Umwelt diese Erzeugnisse hervorbringen und nutzen. In der Arbeit wird die Relevanz leiblicher Praxis und sozialer Praktiken insbesondere für die Entwicklung von Produkten, Technologien und Dienstleistungen demonstriert. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden dann auf die Gestaltung wirtschaftlichen Handelns übertragen. Anhand von Modellen aus der Hirn- und Kognitionsforschung sowie an konkreten Fallbeispielen wird deutlich gemacht, was es heißt, wenn Menschen einen Sachverhalt oder eine neue Idee verstehen: "Verstehen kann nicht auf den Verstand oder eine andere mentale Entität reduziert werden - man muss es am eigenen Leib erfahren". (ICA2)

Natural resources and rural livelihoods in Africa are under pressure due to climate change and ineffective management. It particularly affects countries where most of the population depends on natural resources for their livelihood, like Ethiopia. Even though, there is scientific and local knowledge on environmental management in the form of national strategies, stakeholders, and actions at multiple governance levels, it is lacking a proper interlinkage and public communication. This research aims to contribute to narrow gaps between knowledge systems and enhance adaptive capacity by understanding barriers and drivers for knowledge generation and management in climate change adaptation. The study interlinks political ecology and social theoretical concepts for climate change adaptation and knowledge management in a multi-level governance framework representing one country. Ethiopia is focused on in this study because it is and will be greatly affected by climate change and has elaborated a national strategy to become a climate resilient middle-income country by 2025. The governance levels are analyzed with (1) determining the institutional framework, stakeholders, and networks at national level, (2) analyzing the structure, role and capacity of the extension system, (3) investigating local capacities and thresholds for access and participation in knowledge and governance processes for natural resource management. A focus is put on (4) area closures, as an example for an applied and common intervention of natural resource management in Ethiopia, which can serve as contribution to cope with climate change consequences. In a final step (5) interlinkages and compatibility of the governance levels in Ethiopia are evaluated to draw conclusions for a generalization of obstacles and potentials. A two-level case study design was applied incorporating the national and local level of Ethiopia:Acknowledgements I Abstract III Zusammenfassung V Table of Content VII List of Abbreviations X List of Figures XII List of Tables XIV List of Appendices XV 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Social and Governance Limits to Climate Change Adaptation 1 1.2. Justification of the Study and Focus on Knowledge Management 3 1.3. Objectives and Structure of the Study 6 2. Theoretical Framework 9 2.1. State of Scientific Knowledge: Multi-Level Governance and Knowledge in Environmental Management in Africa 9 2.1.1. Multi-Level Governance for Environmental Management 9 2.1.2. Knowledge Systems and Social Dimensions in Climate Change Adaptation and Governance in Africa 11 2.1.3. Environmental Situation and Governance in Ethiopia 14 2.1.4. Area Closures for Climate Change Adaptation and Governance in Ethiopia 16 2.2. Conceptual Framework: Knowledge Management for Climate Change Adaptation in a Multi-Level Governance System 17 3. Methodology 19 3.1. Research Design and Concept 19 3.1.1. Multi-Level Case Study Design for Multi-Level Social Research 19 3.1.2. Description of the Case Study Country and Local Sites in Ethiopia 21 3.1.3. Research Matrix and Phases 23 3.2. Data Collection Methods & Materials 27 3.2.1. Secondary Literature and Data Review 27 3.2.2. Interviewing Techniques with Organizations 27 3.2.3. Community Survey 30 3.2.4. Observation 34 3.3. Data Analysis 35 3.3.1. Data base and processing 35 3.3.2. Qualitative Content Analysis 35 3.3.3. Statistical Evaluation 38 3.3.4. Social Network Analysis 38 3.4. Research Ethics and Limitations of the Study 40 4. Climate Change Adaptation at Country Level in Ethiopia 43 4.1. Legal Framework and Perceptions of Activities tackling Climate Change and Adaptation in Ethiopia 43 4.2. Organizational, Collaboration and Communication Structures 48 4.3. The Extension System: Function and Performance 57 4.4. Institutionalization and Perception of Area Closure Management 63 5. Knowledge Systems and Natural Resource Management at Local Level in Rural Ethiopia 67 5.1. Case Study I: Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha Woreda, Oromia Region 67 5.1.1. Facts and Description of the Study Area 67 5.1.2. Climatic and Environment Change: Perceptions and Activities 72 5.1.3. Information, Communication, and Social Networks 76 5.1.4. Development and Extension Structure and Processes 84 5.1.5. Organizational Capacities and Collaboration Structures 90 5.1.6. Management and Performance of Area Closures 95 5.2. Case Study II: Wogera Woreda, Amhara Region 104 5.2.1. Facts and Description of the Study Area 104 5.2.2. Climatic and Environment Change: Perceptions and Activities 107 5.2.3. Information Access, Communication, and Social Networks 111 5.2.4. Development and Extension Structure and Processes 115 5.2.5. Organizational Capacities and Collaboration Structures 121 5.2.6. Management and Performance of Area Closures 126 5.3. Synopsis of the Local Case Studies 132 5.3.1. Comparative Analysis of the Woredas ATJK and Wogera 132 5.3.2. Conclusions on Structures and Conditions for Knowledge Generation and Management at Local Level 138 6. Synthesis: Knowledge Management for Climate Change Adaptation 143 6.1. (In)Compatibility of National Visions and Local Reality in Ethiopia 143 6.2. Future Pathways: Three Scenarios for Knowledge Management and Climate Change Adaptation in Ethiopia 146 6.2.1. Scenario I: Business-As-Usual 146 6.2.2. Scenario II: Collective Action at Community Level 148 6.2.3. Scenario III: Multi-Level Stakeholder Dialogue 150 6.2.4. Recommendations for Actions in Ethiopia 152 6.3. Framework of Multi-Level Governance for Strengthening Knowledge Management on Climate Change Adaptation 155 7. Conclusion 159 7.1. Lessons Learned 159 7.2. Methodological critique and suggestions for further research 160 References 161 Appendices 177

The Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Experimental Methods has a history of 9 years, promoting a space for research, exchange and dissemination so necessary these days for economic sciences. Although its specificity lies in experimental methods and interdisciplinary studies, it can be observed in this issue that the lens is broadened towards other types of research that favor the enrichment of various theories typical of our discipline.In the first place, colleagues Yanely Castillo Texis and Bertina Romero Sánchez present a work on the implementation of the control system in the inventory area, in a particular area of Mexico, specifically the state of Tlaxcala, based on the diagnosis of a company from the place. It is interesting to appreciate the applied methodology, since it is divided into phases to achieve a better diagnosis and demonstrate the need to be responsible in the inventory control process, a model that can be replicated in other types of companies.The second article, by Claudio Gamero Enríquez, also addresses problems related to production, this time regarding the application of a logistics control system from the input of materials to the output of finished products. The author has collected information from three companies and applied a novel northwest corner method, followed by a stone-to-stone jump method in order to optimize the most efficient route.Third, an article by Graciela Sturm is presented, in which various economic theories are approached from three perspectives: freedom of personal and educational choice, the potential for economic well-being and ethics as a political value, and virtue as a value. With that purpose, the author makes a historical journey that interrelates the approaches, from her most significant contributions, also contributing her own perspective on the matter.The fourth article, presented by Sergio Lagunas Puls and Carmen Lilia Cervantes Bello, proposes the purpose of applying hyperbolas as representations of international trade. This method consists of applying the tool to exports from Mexico to the United States, specifically in the iron and steel-based manufacturing industry, highlighting these trajectories in geometric form. It should be noted how interesting the results obtained, which can influence both organizational policies, as well as in the field of public policies.Finally, a quasi-experimental type of work is presented, developed by Beatriz C. Cavazos Rodríguez, Natalia R. Córdova Cisneros, Ricardo J. Hinojosa Fano and Matías Bahena Sánchez, in which the determinants of satisfaction with life in Mexico are analyzed , from the division between treatment and control groups. The method applied is Propensity Score Matching, from which it is sought to inquire about the sociodemographic determinants of life satisfaction in that country. The results discussed show us the way in which psychological and sociological factors influence the degree of satisfaction with ways of life.Finally, as is our custom, we deeply thank the authors who have enhanced their contributions. Also to the evaluators and collaborators, whose work we highlight and have contributed with their experience to the result of this issue. All of the above is essential to maintain the level of academic quality characteristic of the University of Buenos Aires and of our Journal. We invite anyone who wants to participate to get in touch with our team, in order to continue contributing to the discipline with research papers and academic productions that highlight interdisciplinarity and experimental methods. Prof. Emerita Dr. María Teresa CasparriDirector of the IADCOM Institute ; La Revista de Investigación Interdisciplinaria en Métodos Experimentales cuenta con una trayectoria de 9 años, impulsando un espacio de investigación, intercambio y difusión tan necesario por estos días para las ciencias económicas. Si bien su especificidad radica en los métodos experimentales y los estudios interdisciplinarios, podrá observarse en el presente número que se amplía el lente hacia otro tipo de investigaciones que favorecen al enriquecimiento de diversas teorías propias de nuestra disciplina.En primer lugar, las colegas Yanely Castillo Texis y Bertina Romero Sánchez exponen un trabajo sobre la implementación del sistema de control en el área de inventarios, en una zona particular de México, específicamente el estado de Tlaxcala, a partir del diagnóstico de una empresa del lugar. Es interesante apreciar la metodología aplicada, ya que se divide en fases para alcanzar un mejor diagnóstico y demostrar la necesidad de ser responsables en el proceso de control de inventario, modelo que puede ser replicable en otro tipo de empresas.El segundo artículo, de Claudio Gamero Enríquez, aborda también problemáticas vinculadas a la producción, en esta oportunidad respecto a la aplicación de un sistema de control logístico desde las entradas de materiales hasta la salida de productos terminado. El autor ha relevado información de tres empresas y aplicado un novedoso método de esquina noroeste, seguido por un método de salto de piedra en piedra con el fin de optimizar la ruta más eficiente.En tercer lugar, se presenta un artículo de Graciela Sturm, en el cual se abordan diversas teorías económicas desde tres perspectivas: la libertad de elección personal y educacional, la potencialidad del bienestar económico y la ética como valor político, y la virtud como valor. Con ese propósito, la autora realiza un recorrido histórico que interrelaciona los abordajes, desde sus aportes más significativos, aportando también su propia mirada al respecto.El cuarto artículo, presentado por Sergio Lagunas Puls y Carmen Lilia Cervantes Bello plantea como propósito aplicar hipérbolas como representaciones de comercio internacional. Este método consiste en aplicar la herramienta a las exportaciones desde México a Estados Unidos, específicamente en la industria de manufacturas basadas en hierro y acero, destacando dichas trayectorias en forma geométrica. Cabe destacar lo interesante de los resultados obtenidos, que pueden influir tanto en las políticas de índole organizacional, así como también en el ámbito de las políticas públicas.Por último, se expone un trabajo de tipo cuasi experimental, desarrollado por Beatriz C. Cavazos Rodríguez, Natalia R. Córdova Cisneros, Ricardo J. Hinojosa Fano y Matías Bahena Sánchez, en el cual se analizan los determinantes de satisfacción con la vida en México, a partir de la división entre grupos de tratamiento y de control. El método aplicado es el de Pareamiento por Puntaje de Propensión, a partir del cual se busca indagar sobre los determinantes sociodemográficos en la satisfacción respecto de la vida en dicho país. Los resultados abordados nos muestran la forma en que los factores psicológicos y sociológicos influyen en el grado de satisfacción respecto de los modos de vida.Para finalizar, como es nuestra costumbre, agradecemos profundamente a los/as autores/as que han realzado sus aportes. También a los/as evaluadores/as y colaboradores/as, cuya labor destacamos y han contribuido con su experiencia al resultado del presente número. Todo lo expuesto es fundamental para mantener el nivel de calidad académica característico de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y de nuestra Revista. Invitamos a toda persona que quiera participar que se ponga en contacto con nuestro equipo, con el fin de seguir aportando a la disciplina con trabajos de investigación y producciones académicas que destaquen la interdisciplinariedad y los métodos experimentales. Prof. Emérita Dra. María Teresa CasparriDirectora del Instituto IADCOM

Verkehr ist Kultur. Er bestimmt darüber, was sich wo und auf welchen Wegen befindet, wer aufeinandertrifft und wer nicht - er bildet die Grundlage der Netzwerke, die Menschen und Dinge miteinander eingehen. Mit der Automatisierung des Verkehrs, der Etablierung von Fahrassistenzsystemen und der Entwicklung selbstfahrender Autos stehen nicht nur die Verhältnisse menschlicher und nicht-menschlicher Verkehrsteilnehmender in Frage. Nicht nur die ethischen und juristischen Grundlagen des Straßenverkehrs, sondern auch die basalen Bedingungen des Umgangs miteinander müssen neu verhandelt werden. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes analysieren aus medien- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive die Transformationen der Mobilität, die Verkehrswende und das vielfach aufgeladene Objekt Auto.

"Damit neu entwickelte Managementkonzepte ihren Einzug in Unternehmen halten können, ist es wichtig, dass sie begrifflich anschlussfähig an vorhandene Sprachspiele sind. Dabei haben 'sexy' Anglizismen besonders gute Chancen. Gerade so verhält es sich nach unserer Einschätzung mit den Begriffen Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) und Corporate Citizenships (CC). Wenngleich es sich bei diesen Überschriften um eine begriffliche bzw. sprachliche Weiterführung des Wortes Unternehmensethik handelt, wollte vor allem die Praxis lange nichts davon wissen. Bei den in diesem Buch versammelten Beiträgen handelt es sich um die ausgearbeiteten Vorträge der Consulting-Akademie Unternehmensethik 2006, die - wie jedes Jahr - in Zusammenarbeit mit der Plansecur-Stiftung und der Evangelischen Akademie der Pfalz durchgeführt wird. An dieser Stelle setzt das vorliegende Buch an. Es stellt Artikel von Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern zusammen, die vor ihrem je eigenen Hintergrund daran arbeiten, ein zeitgemäßes Verständnis einer substanziellen CSR bzw. CC zu liefern" (Autorenreferat). Inhaltsverzeichnis: Thomas Beschorner und Matthias Schmidt: Corporate Social Responsibility und Corporate Citizenship - zur Einführung (9-18); 1. Ethik und das große C: Könnten Unternehmen verantwortlich handeln?: Klaus Wiegerling: Grundbegriffe und Felder der angewandten Ethik (19-36); Thomas Petersen: Zur gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung eines korporativen Bürgers. Begriffe, Zusammenhänge und offene Fragen (37-50); Günter Ulrich: Unternehmensverantwortung aus soziologischer Perspektive (51-72); 2. Corporate Social Responsibility und Corporate Citizenship - Grenzen und Möglichkeiten in der Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftspraxis: Andreas Deckmann: Zur Verantwortung von Billigfliegern, oder CSR: Aus Corporate Social Responsibility wird Consumer Social Responsibility (73-86); Achim Halfmann: Unternehmen als Teil der Zivilgesellschaft: Wie das Miteinander von Profit und Non-Profit gelingen kann und woran es manchmal scheitert (87-96); Hannes Koch: Wirtschaft zivilisieren - Wenn Unternehmen freiwillig soziale und ökologische Verantwortung übernehmen, kann das einen bindenden rechtlichen Rahmen nicht ersetzen (97-104); Thomas Beschorner und Kristin Vorbohle: Neue Spielregeln für eine (verantwortliche) Unternehmensführung (105-114); 3. Corporate Social Responsibility und Corporate Citizenship - regionale und internationale Kontexte: Sabine Bach: Corporate Social Responsibility in der Europäischen Union -eine Frage von Sein oder Nichtsein (115-124); Christoph Schank: Der demografische Wandel der Arbeitswelt. Implikationen für die mittelständische Personalpolitik und Unternehmensführung (125-142); Kristin Vorbohle: Über deutsche, französische und unternehmenseigene Sozialstandards - ein Vergleich (143-154); Annika Maschwitz: Zur Bedeutung des Versicherungsvermittlergesetzes am Beispiel der Plansecur Management GmbH (155-158).

Die Nanotechnologie-Forschungsförderung wurde in den 90er Jahren in einem exklusiven Zirkel von Vertretern aus Industrie, Technikwissenschaften und Ministerien vorbereitet. Da transdisziplinäre Wissensformen, mittels derer beispielsweise das Vorsorgeprinzip von vornherein hätte konkretisiert werden können, nicht in die Forschungsprogrammatik einbezogen waren, müssen Regularien im Nachhinein entwickelt werden. Diese Reparaturarbeiten im Nanokosmos, die insbesondere Regularien für nicht-gebundene Nanopartikel in Kosmetik und Lebensmitteln entwickeln helfen sollen, sind zwar zentral für eine 'verantwortungsvolle Entwicklung', kommen jedoch ein weiteres Mal viel zu spät. Diese Entwicklung könnte sich wiederholen: Denn in Bälde könnten qualitativ neuartige Nanotechnologien entwickelt werden. Im Wettlauf der Zukunftstechnologien wird die Staffel rasant weitergegeben, denn dem Nano-Hype folgte die Diskussion über konvergierende Technologien. Jetzt steht die Debatte über synthetische Biologie an. Nur wenn es gelingt, gesellschaftliche Kernfragen (wie beispielsweise den Umgang mit dem Klimawandel) von vornherein in die vermeintlich nur technischen Fragestellungen neuer Forschungsgebiete zu integrieren, wird eine wirksame Governance der Risiken von Zukunftstechnologien möglich. Nur dann werden sich Zukunftstechnologien auf gesellschaftliche Erfordernisse ausrichten lassen. (ICF2)

"Gegenwärtig arbeiten die U.S.-amerikanischen Streitkräfte an einem umfassenden Transformationsprozess, dessen programmatisch avanciertestes und einflussreichstes Konzept 'Network Centric Warfare' lautet. Das Konzept propagiert, wie man in Anlehnung an Luc Boltanskis und Ève Chiapellos Diagnose vom 'neuen Geist des Kapitalismus' formulieren kann, einen 'neuen Geist des Krieges'. In diskursanalytischer Beobachtung erweist sich dieser neue Geist in nicht unerheblichem Maße durch Naturvorbilder und naturwissenschaftliche Denkfiguren geprägt. Die Vordenker in den amerikanischen Stabs- und Beraterstellen lesen das Verhältnis von Natur und Krieg unter der Maßgabe komplexitätstheoretischer Konzeptualisierungen von Naturzusammenhängen und bestimmen es über drei Schlüsselkonzepte: Nichtlinearität, Ko-Evolution, Schwärmen. Mit diesen Konzepten wird ein radikaler Wandel des Kriegsverständnisses und des militärischen Selbstverständnisses motiviert. Nichtlinearität stellt die Konfliktanalyse, die Kriegs- und Feindmodellierung auf eine neue Dynamik des geostrategischen Feldes und der militärischen Operationen ein. Ko-Evolution mobilisiert für eine tiefgreifende, eben netzwerkförmige, Reform der Rüstungs-, Organisations- und Operationsprinzipien, um einem unterstellten permanenten Wandel der Operationsfelder adäquat zu begegnen. Mit dem taktischen Ideal des Schwärmens wird die an Bienenschwärmen ebenso wie an neuen Gegnern bewunderte Fähigkeit zur Selbstorganisation Maßgabe militärischer Doktrin und Disziplin; sie wird mithin zur Leitlinie der Formung eines neuen Soldatentypus. Der Rekurs auf Natur leitet folglich eine programmatische Rekonfiguration des Denkens des Krieges, der Organisationskultur und des einzelnen Soldaten an. In kultursoziologischer Lektüre erweist sich das Netzwerkkonzept in seinem militärischen Gebrauch weniger als analytisch-deskriptives Instrument, denn als Mobilisierungsmetapher. Eine Metapher, die nicht allein eine Anpassung an die, nun dynamisch gefasste, Natur des Krieges propagiert. Netzwerkförmige Rekonfiguration, so eine zentrale These des Vortrags, bedeutet, Organisationsstrukturen, Operationsweisen und Kohäsionsformen der neuen Gegner zu imitieren."