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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword: Emerging Intersections-Building Knowledge and Transforming Institutions / Hill Collins, Patricia -- Acknowledgments / Thornton Dill, Bonnie / Enid Zambrana, Ruth -- 1. Critical Thinking about Inequality: An Emerging Lens / Thornton Dill, Bonnie / Enid Zambrana, Ruth -- 2. Entering a Profession: Race, Gender, and Class in the Lives of Black Women Attorneys / Higginbotham, Elizabeth -- 3. The Intersection of Poverty Discourses: Race, Class, Culture, and Gender / Henderson, Debra / Tickamyer, Ann -- 4. Staggered Inequalities in Access to Higher Education by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity / Enid Zambrana, Ruth / MacDonald, Victoria-María -- 5. Developing Policy to Address the Lived Experiences of Working Mothers / Gatta, Mary -- 6. Exploring the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Class on Maternity Leave Decisions: Implications for Public Policy / Manuel, Tiffany / Enid Zambrana, Ruth -- 7. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in the Workforce, Education, and Training under Welfare Reform / Jones-Deweever, Avis / Thornton Dill, Bonnie / Schram, Sanford -- 8. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Early School Leaving (Dropping Out) / Dance, L. Janelle -- 9. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Political Participation and Civic Engagement / Frasure, Lorrie Ann / Williams, Linda Faye -- 10. Intersections, Identities, and Inequalities in Higher Education / Thornton Dill, Bonnie -- 11. Transforming the Campus Climate through Institutions, Collaboration, and Mentoring / Thornton Dill, Bonnie / Enid Zambrana, Ruth / McLaughlin, Amy -- 12. Conclusion: Future Directions in Knowledge Building and Sustaining Institutional Change / Enid Zambrana, Ruth / Thornton Dill, Bonnie -- Contributors -- Index

Germany's landmark 1998 election saw for the first time in the Republic's fifty-year historyan incumbent Chancellor and his entire government replaced. In this collection fourteen distinguished scholars, from both sides of the Atlantic, have come together to give the first detailed scholarly account of this historic event. From a variety of perspectives the essays, based on in-depth interviews, explore the election candidates, parties, and issues, and places them within the context of the Federal Republic's history, the end of the Bonn Republic and the beginning of the Berlin Republic. Special chapters focus on the growing importance of women inelectoral politics, voting behavior and the influence of the media, and the significance of the election for the European Union. Based on in-depth interviews with political leaders and extensive field research this book is ideally suited for specialists in German and European politics and the interested reader who wants far more depth of coverage than the main stream media can provide

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Introduction -- I A Framework for Analysis -- The Environmental Justice Movement -- The Social Construction of Environmental Justice -- II Environmental Injustices -- Race, Class, and Environmental Hazards -- Environmental Racism in Southern Arizona? -- Race for Water? -- The Failure to Provide Basic Services to the Colonias of EL Paso County -- III Confronting Environmental Injustices -- Environmental Justice and the Role of Indigenous Women Organizing Their Communities -- Environmental Injustices and Traditional Environmental Organizations -- IV Environmental Justice -- Environmental Injustices -- Bishigendan Akii -- Environmental Ethics as a Political Choice -- Contributors -- Index

AbstractIntroductionHIV controllers have low viral loads (VL) without antiretroviral treatment (ART). We evaluated viraemic control in a community‐randomized trial conducted in Zambia and South Africa that evaluated the impact of a combination prevention intervention on HIV incidence (HPTN 071 [PopART]; 2013–2018).MethodsVL and antiretroviral (ARV) drug testing were performed using plasma samples collected 2 years after enrolment for 4072 participants who were HIV positive at the start of the study intervention. ARV drug use was assessed using a qualitative laboratory assay that detects 22 ARV drugs in five drug classes. Participants were classified as non‐controllers if they had a VL ≥2000 copies/ml with no ARV drugs detected at this visit. Additional VL and ARV drug testing was performed at a second annual study visit to confirm controller status. Participants were classified as controllers if they had VLs <2000 with no ARV drugs detected at both visits. Non‐controllers who had ARV drugs detected at either visit were excluded from the analysis to minimize potential confounders associated with ARV drug access and uptake.ResultsThe final cohort included 126 viraemic controllers and 766 non‐controllers who had no ARV drugs detected. The prevalence of controllers among the 4072 persons assessed was 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6%, 3.6%). This should be considered a minimum estimate, since high rates of ARV drug use in the parent study limited the ability to identify controllers. Among the 892 participants in the final cohort, controller status was associated with biological sex (female > male, p = 0.027). There was no significant association between controller status and age, study country or herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) status at study enrolment.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this report presents the first large‐scale, population‐level study evaluating the prevalence of viraemic control and associated factors in Africa. A key advantage of this study was that a biomedical assessment was used to assess ARV drug use (vs. self‐reported data). This study identified a large cohort of HIV controllers and non‐controllers not taking ARV drugs, providing a unique repository of longitudinal samples for additional research. This cohort may be useful for further studies investigating the mechanisms of virologic control.

Funding: Brain Health Scotland, who are overseeing the development of Brain Health Services within NHS Scotland, are funded through a grant from the Scottish Government. Brain Health Scotland is hosted legally within Alzheimer Scotland who received this grant ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Covid-19 continues to teach the global community important lessons about preparedness for research and effective action to respond to emerging health threats. We share the COVID-19 experiences of a pre-existing cross-site ethics network-the Global Health Bioethics Network-which brings together researchers and practitioners from Africa, Europe, and South east Asia. We describe the network and its members and activities, and the work-related opportunities and challenges we faced over a one-year period during the pandemic. We highlight the value of having strong and long-term empirical ethics networks embedded across diverse research institutions to be able to: 1) identify and share relevant ethics challenges and research questions and ways of 'doing research'; 2) work with key stakeholders to identify appropriate ways to contribute to the emerging health issue response – e.g. through ethics oversight, community engagement, and advisory roles at different levels; and 3) learn from each other and from diverse contexts to advocate for positive change at multiple levels. It is our view that being both embedded and long term offers particular opportunities in terms of deep institutional and contextual knowledge and relationships with and access to a wide range of stakeholders in place. Being networked offers opportunities to draw upon a wide range of expertise and perspectives operating at multiple levels, and to bring together internal and external perspectives (i.e. different positionalities). Long term funding means that the people and resources are in place and ready to respond in a timely way. However, many tensions and challenges remain, including difficulties in negotiating power and politics regarding roles that researchers and research institutions play in an emergency, and the position of empirical ethics activities in programmes of research more specifically. We discuss some of these tensions and challenges, and consider the implications for our own and similar networks in future.

Abstract. Background: Infectious disease-related public health emergencies (epidemics) may increase suicide risk, and high-quality evidence is needed to guide an international response. Aims: We investigated the potential impacts of epidemics on suicide-related outcomes. Method: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsyArXiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv from inception to May 13–16, 2020. Inclusion criteria: primary studies, reviews, and meta-analyses; reporting the impact of epidemics; with a primary outcome of suicide, suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation, and/or self-harm. Exclusion criteria: not concerned with suicide-related outcomes; not suitable for data extraction. PROSPERO registration: #CRD42020187013. Results: Eight primary papers were included, examining the effects of five epidemics on suicide-related outcomes. There was evidence of increased suicide rates among older adults during SARS and in the year following the epidemic (possibly motivated by social disconnectedness, fears of virus infection, and concern about burdening others) and associations between SARS/Ebola exposure and increased suicide attempts. A preprint study reported associations between COVID-19 distress and past-month suicidal ideation. Limitations: Few studies have investigated the topic; these are of relatively low methodological quality. Conclusion: Findings support an association between previous epidemics and increased risk of suicide-related outcomes. Research is needed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide outcomes.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer death in Chile. Although recommended in international guidelines since 2006, perioperative chemotherapy was not available to patients in the public health system in Chile until 2016. We conducted an observational study to assess the feasibility of this strategy in public hospitals in Chile (Observational Study of Perioperative Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer – PRECISO). Patients with locally advanced, operable GC were offered to receive preoperative chemotherapy with Epirubicin + Cisplatin + Capecitabine (ECX) for three cycles followed by curative surgery. Staging included abdominal CT scan and laparoscopy if peritoneal carcinomatosis was suspected. Postoperative ECX for three cycles was recommended. Between August 2010 and March 2013, 110 patients were screened and 61 enrolled. Median age was 62 years (23–76 years) and most patients had good performance status at baseline (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score (ECOG) 0: 42, ECOG 1: 19). Tumour site was proximal in 32 (52%) and medial and distal in 29 (48%) patients. All but four patients (n = 57, 93%) completed three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy. Fifty-six patients were operated and 54 (89%) had a curative resection. Thirty-three patients (54%) had pT0-2, and 18 (30%) had pN0 tumours, with two patients achieving a complete response. As of 20 December 2020, 39 patients died, 32 due to GC, one within 30 days of surgery, two due to intestinal obstruction at 5 and 3 months after surgery and four due to other causes. Five-year survival rate was 38%. We conclude that perioperative chemotherapy is feasible in public hospitals in Chile and should be offered to patients with locally advanced GC. ; National Agency for Research and Development ICN09_015 PIA/ACT192015 Corporacion de Fomento de la Produccion (CORFO) 16CTTS-66390 Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) 57220037 57168868 Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDAP 1513001 Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) from the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID), Government of Chile 1191928 ; Versión publicada - versión final del editor

Children have a right to have their views sought and given due weight on all matters affecting them, including at times of emergency and crisis. This article describes the process and findings of the ground-breaking CovidUnder19 survey ("Life Under Coronavirus") which was co-designed with children for children, capturing the experiences of over 26,000 children in 137 countries as to the realisation of their human rights during the first six months of the covid-19 pandemic. Key findings are discussed through the lens of the crc' s four general principles, read alongside children's rights, inter alia, to education, play and to be protected from harm. It argues that governments and public bodies should have sought children's views – not just because they were under an obligation to do so – but because such engagement, now and in crises to come, provides an early warning system that enables decision-makers to mitigate some of the adverse consequences of their responses for children and their rights.

Abstract
Background
The Zanmi Lasante Depression Symptom Inventory (ZLDSI) is a screening tool for major depression used in 12 primary care clinics in Haiti's Central Plateau. Although previously validated in a clinic-based sample, the present study is the first to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of the ZLDSI for depression screening in a school-based population in central Haiti.

Methods
We assessed depressive symptoms in a school-based sample of transitional age youth (18–22 years; n = 120) with the ZLDSI. Other mental health-related assessments included a modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID) for current Major Depressive Episode, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and selected items adapted from the Global School-Based Health Survey mental health module. Diagnostic assignments of major depressive episode (MDE) were based on modified SCID interviews.

Results
The ZLDSI demonstrated good overall accuracy in identifying current MDE (Area under the Curve = .92, 95% CI = .86, .98, p < .001). We ascertained ≥12 as the optimal cut-off point to screen for depression with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73.9%. In addition, the ZLDSI was associated with other measures of depressive symptoms, suggesting that it demonstrates construct validity.

Conclusions
Study findings support that the ZLDSI has clinical utility for screening for depression among school-going transitional age youth.

• The Arctic has warmed by around 2°C since 1850, approximately double the global average. Even if the Paris Agreement successfully limits global warming to a further 0.5°C, the Arctic is expected to warm by at least another 1°C. • The United Kingdom's (UK) weather is linked to conditions in the European Arctic. For example, high atmospheric pressure in the Nordic Seas divert damaging storms across the UK and mainland Europe, with the potential to cause societal disruption from flooding. • It is possible, although presently unconfirmed, that alterations in Arctic conditions provoked the 'Beast from the East' winter storm in 2018. • Scientists need to take observations and improve their understanding of climatic processes in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean to fill gaps in knowledge about the links between the Arctic climate and the UK's weather; a risk identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). • The UK has significant research expertise and experience to understand how global warming will change the Arctic's environment and affect the UK. • This strength, allied with the capabilities of the UK's new polar research ship the RRS Sir David Attenborough, warrants an integrated programme of research, including advanced numerical modelling, to improve predictions of future extreme weather events. • Such a programme must acknowledge that the Arctic is politically an increasingly congested and contested space. It should be designed in collaboration with key Arctic and near-Arctic nations to increase the UK's influence and ability

OBJECTIVE: Parental military deployment can lead to stress in the family system due to concerns about the deployed service-member's safety and increased responsibilities for those not deployed. Parent-related stress can impact adolescent disordered eating. Given the important role that stress plays in disordered eating and obesity, it is crucial to understand the impacts of unique stressors to which vulnerable populations are exposed. METHOD: We studied 126 adolescent (14.3 ± 1.6y; 59.5% girls; 44.4% Non-Hispanic White; BMI-z, 1.91 ± .39) military dependents prior to entering an obesity and binge-eating disorder prevention trial. The Eating Disorder Examination was used to assess adolescent disordered eating. Parents self-reported their own distress and family deployment history that occurred during the adolescent's lifetime. RESULTS: Parental distress interacted with frequency of parental deployments such that for those with high parental distress, more frequent deployment was associated with greater adolescent shape and weight concerns (β = .21, p = .012) and global eating pathology (β = .18, p = .024). DISCUSSION: In this hypothesis-generating study, the combination of number of deployments and parental distress may be associated with disordered eating among adolescent military dependents seeking prevention of binge-eating disorder and adult obesity. If these preliminary findings are supported longitudinally, interventions to reduce parental stress related to deployment may be warranted to reduce disordered eating in adolescent dependents.

Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus infection endemic in central and western Africa. Human MPX cases occur in the central and northern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and this is the first report of confirmed MPX cases in the forested areas of North and South Kivu Provinces, with a detailed epidemiological investigation for one case. The location of each case is within areas predicted to be suitable for MPX virus transmission based on an ecological niche model. Phylogenetic analysis places these viruses in the Congo Basin clade.