Suchergebnisse

A high incidence of tuberculosis among Pakistanis in Bradford, Eng has been confirmed. To supplement the normal contact tracing of index cases, a more selective use of mass radiography has raised the pick up rate among Pakistanis from 1.5 per 1,000 to 3% in selected groups. A comprehensive tuberculin survey of 2,246 Pakistanis in the textile trade has been a valuable aid in raising this figure to 10% among 4th-degree reactors & in detecting susceptible immigrants, who have been offered BCG vaccination. Measures adopted to deal with overcrowding of Pakistanis in houses in multiple occup & the limitation of these as a means of influencing the incidence of tuberculosis are discussed. The necessity for Med control of Asian immigrants is emphasised. Modified AA.

La tuberculosis genitourinaria es la segunda forma de presentación más común de tuberculosis extrapulmonar luego del compromiso ganglionar, la epididimitis tuberculosa afecta preferentemente a pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y 50 años, y al menos un 70% tienen historia previa de tuberculosis pulmonar, la infección tuberculosa del escroto es rara y ocurre en aproximadamente el 7% de los pacientes con tuberculosis por extensión directa desde el epidídimo, planteando problemas de diagnóstico diferencial con procesos más agresivos como las neoplasias testiculares. Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 23 años con masa testicular que emulaba ser de origen neoplásico, llevado a orquidectomía unilateral. La patología describe necrosis y granulomas de caseificación conclusivo para orquiepididimitis tuberculosa, paciente inmunocompetente sin antecedente previo de tuberculosis. ; Genitourinary tuberculosis is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis after lymph node involvement; tuberculous epididymitis preferentially affects patients between the ages of 30 and 50 years, and at least 70% have a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous infection scrotum is rare and occurs in approximately 7% of patients with tuberculosis by direct extension from the epididymis, posing problems of differential diagnosis with more aggressive processes such as testicular tumors. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with a testicular mass that emulated being of neoplastic origin, taken to unilateral orchidectomy. The pathology describes necrosis and caseification granulomas, conclusive for tuberculous orchiepididymitis, an immunocompetent patient with no previous history of tuberculosis.

"Reports of tuberculosis (TB) cases are submitted to the Division of TB Elimination (DTBE), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), by 60 reporting areas (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, New York City, Puerto Rico, and other jurisdictions in the Pacific and Caribbean). In January 1993, DTBE, in conjunction with state and local health departments, implemented an expanded TB surveillance system. The expanded system collects additional information for each reported TB case in order to better monitor trends in TB, including drug-resistant TB, in the United States. A software package (SURVS-TB) for data entry, analysis, and transmission of case reports to CDC was designed and implemented as part of the expanded TB surveillance system. In 1998, the Tuberculosis Information Management System (TIMS) replaced SURVS-TB to provide reporting areas with a comprehensive software system for surveillance, patient management, and program evaluation. This publication, Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2001, presents summary data for TB cases reported to DTBE during 2001. It is similar to previous publications (page 5, #19) and contains six major sections. The first section presents trends in the overall TB case counts and case rates by selected demographic and clinical characteristics. The second section presents overall case counts and case rates for the United States by selected demographic characteristics for 2001. In the third section, TB case counts and case rates are presented by state with tables of selected demographic and clinical characteristics. In the fourth section, data collected as part of the expanded system (e.g., initial drug resistance, HIV status) are presented by reporting area. The fifth section provides TB case counts and case rates by metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs: see Technical Notes, Appendix A, for further details) with tables of selected demographic and clinical characteristics. Finally, the sixth section presents figures from the annual surveillance slide set, which emphasize key recent trends in TB epidemiology in the United States. The slides with accompanying text can also be viewed and downloaded from the Division Home Page which is accessible via the Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/surv/surv2001/default.htm." - p. 1 ; NPIN AD: This monograph presents summary data for tuberculosis cases reported to the Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, during 2001. ; Morbidity Trend Tables, United States -- Morbidity Tables, United States -- Morbidity Tables, States -- Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas -- Morbidity Tables, Cities and Metropolitan Statistical Areas -- Surveillance Slide Set -- Appendix A: Technical notes -- Appendix B: Tuberculosis Case Definition for Public Health Surveillance -- Appendix C: Recommendations for Counting Reported Tuberculosis Cases ; "September 2002"--P. [i]. ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; CDC. Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2001. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, September 2002.

"During 2000, a total of 16,377 TB cases (5.8 cases per 100,000 population) were reported to CDC from the 50 states and the District of Columbia, representing a 7% decrease from 1999 and a 39% decrease from 1992, when the number of cases peaked during the resurgence of TB in the United States. The national TB case rate also steadily decreased during this period (Table 1). In 2000, 6% of cases were reported in children under 15 years old, 10% in persons aged 15-24 years, 34% in persons aged 25-44 years, 28% in persons aged 45-64 years, and 22% in persons aged 65 years and older (Table 2). During 1992-2000, there was a decline in both the number of cases reported in each of these age groups and the respective TB case rates." - p. 2 ; NPIN 30570: This report presents summary data for tuberculosis (TB) cases reported to the Division of TB Elimination, CDC during 2000. ; Morbidity Trend Tables, United States -- Morbidity Tables, United States -- Morbidity Tables, States -- Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas -- Morbidity Tables, Cities and Metropolitan Statistical Areas -- Surveillance Slide Set -- Appendix A: Technical notes -- Appendix B: Tuberculosis Case Definition for Public Health Surveillance -- Appendix C: Recommendations for Counting Reported Tuberculosis Cases ; "August 2001"--P. [i]. ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; CDC. Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2000. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, August, 2001.

The writing of this article aims to discuss the problems (1) Why does tuberculosis appear in Surabaya? (2) What is the process of spreading tuberculosis in Surabaya? (3) What is the effort to eradicate tuberculosis in Surabaya ?. The method used in this study is the historical method which includes collecting sources, criticizing sources, interpreting, and writing history (historiography). The results of writing this article explain the emergence of tuberculosis in Surabaya caused by the poor ecology of the city. Poor ecology can be caused by human behavior in maintaining an environmental quality in Surabaya. Tuberculosis is a disease that spreads in Surabaya due to environmental factors such as irregular and dirty urban planning. In addition, social factors such as the daily behavior of people in Surabaya are also a cause of the spread of tuberculosis. Some efforts have been made by the government to eradicate tuberculosis, such as cleaning up slums and even fixing sanitation problems in the Surabaya area, and establishing a foundation called Stichting Centraal Vereniging tot Bestrijding der Tuberculose or commonly referred to as S.C.V.T. The foundation is aimed at patients with tuberculosis.

This report details USAID's efforts in stopping the spread of Tuberculosis.

"Prepared with the co-operation of the Political science department of the University of Wisconsin, and the Wisconsin Antituberculosis Association." ; Bibliography: p. 56-57. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2009 presents summary data for tuberculosis (TB) cases verified and counted in 2009. Reports of verified cases of tuberculosis (RVCT) are submitted to the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by 60 reporting areas (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, New York City, Puerto Rico, and seven other jurisdictions in the Pacific and Caribbean). First released in 1993, the RVCT was expanded in 2009 to collect additional information for each reported TB case in order to better monitor trends in TB and TB control. Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2009 is similar to previous publications and contains an Executive Commentary, Technical Notes, and six major sections. The Executive Commentary includes highlights of the 2009 data, and Technical Notes provides information about how the data were collected and reported; these sections are included to help the reader interpret the data." - p. ix ; Morbidity Trend Tables, United States -- Morbidity Tables, United States, 2009 -- Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas, 2009 -- Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas, 2009 and 2007 -- Morbidity Tables, Cities and Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2009 -- Surveillance Slide Set, 2009 -- Appendix A: Tuberculosis Case Definition for Public Health Surveillance -- Appendix B: Recommendations for Counting Reported Tuberculosis Cases ; "October 2010." ; "CS212870." ; "This report was prepared by Surveillance Team, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Outbreak Investigations Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Roque Miramontes, Carla Jeffries, Robert Pratt, Rachel S. Yelk Woodruff, Carla Winston, Elvin Magee, Lilia P. Manangan, Lori Armstrong, Glenda T. Newell, Mary M. Hart, Christine E. Miner." - p. vii ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; CDC. Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2009. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, October 2010.

"An estimated one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and nearly 9 million persons develop disease caused by M. tuberculosis each year. Although tuberculosis (TB) occurs predominantly in resource-limited countries, it also occurs in the United States. During 1985-1992, the United States was confronted with an unprecedented TB resurgence. This resurgence was accompanied by a rise in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB), which is defined as TB that is resistant to the two most effective first-line therapeutic drugs, isoniazid and rifampin. In addition, virtually untreatable strains of M. tuberculosis are emerging globally. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB is defined as MDR TB that also is resistant to the most effective second-line therapeutic drugs used commonly to treat MDR TB: fluoroquinolones and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs used to treat TB (amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). XDR TB has been identified in all regions of the world, including the United States. In the United States, the cost of hospitalization for one XDR TB patient is estimated to average $483,000, approximately twice the cost for MDR TB patients. Because of the limited responsiveness of XDR TB to available antibiotics, mortality rates among patients with XDR TB are similar to those of TB patients in the preantibiotic era. In January 1992, CDC convened a Federal TB Task Force to draft an action plan to improve prevention and control of drug-resistant TB in the United States (CDC. National action plan to combat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. MMWR 1992;41([No. RR-11]). In November 2006, CDC reconvened the Task Force to draft an updated action plan to address the issue of MDR TB and XDR TB. Task Force members were divided into nine response areas and charged with articulating the most pressing problems, identifying barriers to improvement, and recommending specific action steps to improve prevention and control of XDR TB within their respective areas. Although the first priority of the Federal TB Task Force convened in 2006 was to delineate objectives and action steps to address MDR TB and XDR TB domestically, members recognized the necessity for TB experts in the United States to work with the international community to help strengthen TB control efforts globally. TB represents a substantial public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, many of which might benefit from assistance by the United States. In addition, the global TB epidemic directly affects the United States because the majority of all cases of TB and 80% of cases of MDR TB reported in the United States occur among foreign-born persons. For these reasons, the Action Plan also outlines potential steps that U.S. government agencies can take to help solve global XDR TB problems. Unless the fundamental causes of MDR TB and XDR TB are addressed in the United States and internationally, the United States is likely to experience a growing number of cases of MDR TB and XDR TB that will be difficult, if not impossible, to treat or prevent. The recommendations provided in this report include specific action steps and new activities that will require additional funding and a renewed commitment by government and nongovernment organizations involved in domestic and international TB control efforts to be implemented effectively. The Federal TB Task Force will coordinate activities of various federal agencies and partner with state and local health departments, nonprofit and TB advocacy organizations in implementing this plan to control and prevent XDR TB in the United States and to contribute to global efforts in the fight against this emerging public health crisis." - p. 1 ; Introduction -- Recommendations to combat extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis -- Action plan to combat extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix ; reported by Philip LoBue, Christine Sizemore, Kenneth G. Castro ; "February, 2009." ; "The material in this report originated in the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Kevin Fenton, MD, PhD, Director, and the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Kenneth G. Castro, MD, Director." - p. 1 ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 40).

"Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2010 presents summary data for tuberculosis (TB) cases verified and counted in 2010. Reports of verified cases of tuberculosis (RVCT) are submitted to the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by 60 reporting areas (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, New York City, Puerto Rico, and seven other jurisdictions in the Pacific and Caribbean). First released in 1993, the RVCT was expanded in 2009 to collect additional information for each reported TB case in order to better monitor trends in TB and TB control. Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2010 is similar to previous publications (see page xi, #19) and contains an Executive Commentary, Technical Notes, and six major sections. The Executive Commentary includes highlights of the 2010 data and Technical Notes provides information about how the data was collected and reported; these sections are included to help the reader interpret the data. The 2010 Report also includes a special supplement section on the United States Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI). Morbidity Trend Tables, United States presents trends in the overall TB case counts and case rates by selected demographic and clinical characteristics. Morbidity Tables, United States, 2010 presents overall case counts and case rates for the United States by selected demographic characteristics. Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas, United States, 2010 presents TB case counts and case rates by state and other jurisdictions with tables of selected demographic and clinical characteristics. Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas, United States, 2010 and 2008 presents the most recent year for which data are available on selected variables such as completion of therapy by reporting area. Morbidity Tables, Cities and Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2010 provides TB case counts and case rates by metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs: see Technical Notes, page 9, for further details) with tables of selected demographic and clinical characteristics. United States Affiliated Pacific Islands 2010 presents an overview of USAPI TB programs and provides USAPI TB surveillance data highlights. Surveillance Slide Set, 2010 presents figures from the annual surveillance slide set, which emphasize key recent trends in TB epidemiology in the United States. The slides with accompanying text can also be viewed and downloaded from the DTBE website accessible at http://www.cdc.gov/tb/. The current Tuberculosis Case Definition for Public Health Surveillance and Recommendations for Reporting and Counting Tuberculosis Cases are provided in Appendices A and B, respectively (pages 133 and 134). National Surveillance for Severe Adverse Events Associated with Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection - Reporting Information is provided in Appendix C (page 143)." - p. ix ; Morbidity Trend Tables, United States -- Morbidity Tables, United States, 2010 -- Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas, 2010 -- Morbidity Tables, Reporting Areas, 2010 and 2008 -- Morbidity Tables, Cities and Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2010 -- United States Affiliated Pacific Islands, 2010 -- Surveillance Slide Set, 2010 -- Appendix A: Tuberculosis Case Definition for Public Health Surveillance -- Appendix B: Recommendations for Counting Reported Tuberculosis Cases -- Appendix C: National Surveillance for Severe Adverse Events Associated with Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection-Reporting Information ; "Publication Year 2011." ; "October 2011." ; "CS212870." ; "This report was prepared by Surveillance Team, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Outbreak Investigations Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Roque Miramontes, Carla Jeffries, Robert Pratt, Rachel S. Yelk Woodruff, Carla Winston, Elvin Magee, Lilia P. Manangan, Lori Armstrong, Glenda T. Newell, J. Scott Cope." - p. vii ; Also available via the World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (3.18 MB, 166 p.). ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; CDC. Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2010. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, October 2011.