Suchergebnisse

The EOSC Governance Symposium 2020 brought the EOSC community together to discuss the transition of the EOSC from its initial phase of development (2016-2020) to its second implementation phase (2021-2027). The event was a culmination of two years of work carried out by the current EOSC governance including the EOSC Governance Board and the Executive Board and its Working Groups. Delivered online to just under 1,000 EOSC stakeholders from over 50 different countries, this was not only the largest EOSC Symposium yet, but it was also an essential opportunity for convergence and alignment principles and priorities which are key for ensuring a smooth transition to the implementation phase. During the Symposium, the Executive Board and its Working Groups delivered nine vital documents which were in various stages of publication. They pave the way forward for EOSC and provided the right spark for extensive and constructive discussion throughout the four days. We would like to thank the EOSC Governance, the German Presidency of the Council of the European Union, and the EOSC Community. Finally, we'd like to thank you, the EOSC stakeholders who despite these challenging times, made this the biggest EOSC Symposium to date

The paper addresses a puzzle resulting from the current global state of alert: the coronavirus pandemic brought us back to the world of the allegedly sovereign nation states with borders and national governments in charge, yet in fact, this retrieved sovereignty looks very vulnerable and precarious. We explain this controversy through a triad of concepts—sovereignty, governmentality, and post-liberalism—that we apply to an analysis of a corona-imposed state of emergency in Estonia and Finland. Based on comparative case study research, we posit that sovereignty is precarious in post-liberalism due to its large dependence on the technologies of responsibilization and agency. From a biopolitical perspective, a major point in the anti-crisis management is to convince people to sacrifice personal liberties for the sake of public safety. These issues of governmentality will be dealt with based on critical discourse analysis and media analysis in Estonia and Finland. ; peerReviewed

AbstractThe current trend of rapid urbanization in the global south is overwhelmed by an ever‐increasing demand for land. This indeed has been exerting an objectionable pressure over peri‐urban land located immediately outside of urban territories. This challenge is more severe in developing countries such as Ethiopia, where the urban and rural land systems are dichotomized and understood in isolation as two distinct entities. The need to broaden and understand perspectives for smooth bridging of urban and rural areas has been gaining more attention in the current discourse of viewing urban challenges and prospects. Hence, this study seeks to broaden perspectives for a smooth transition of urban development into rural areas and across peri‐urban areas in a continuity and guided by a continuum approach to development. A desk review research approach supplemented by key informant interviews was employed as a research method. The findings of this study show that the dichotomized land policy and governance systems, along with the multiplicity of actors or institutions having competing and conflicting interests in peri‐urban land have been hindering urban–rural development interconnectedness and continuity in Ethiopian cities. Moreover, a more nuanced perspective and understanding on the hindering factors for interconnectedness between urban and rural areas relevant for urban land use planning and policy‐making are presented in detail in this study. Concurrently, this study promotes the need for a more inclusive continuum approach to land development policy that responds equally to urban–rural contexts and across peri‐urban areas.

This paper reflects on the change of relations among participants in nanotechnology governance through their participation in governance processes such as stakeholder dialogues. I show that policymaking in practice—that is, the practice of coming and working together in such stakeholder dialogues—has the potential for two-fold performative effects: it can contribute to the development of trust and mutual responsibility on the part of the involved actors, and it may bring about effects on the formation of boundaries of what is sayable and thinkable in nanotechnology governance. Three vignettes about the work of the German NanoKommission indicate the development of new relations of trust, recognition and mutual responsibility among actors. It is concluded that governance in practice can assemble new collectives in which relations of trust are the glue holding the complex structure together. While such a consensus-based progress may be favourable for smooth technology development, it can be considered problematic if evaluated against the ideals of deliberative democracy, which often form the premises on which public engagement is based. Stakeholder forums were set in place with the intention of including various actors, but this is Janus-faced: if a dialogue becomes encapsulated in new governance networks, new exclusions can arise. For example, a policing of which information is released to a wider audience can occur.

High performance during catastrophic terrorist events require the ability to assess and adapt capacity rapidly, restore or enhance disrupted or inadequate communications, utilize flexible decision making swiftly, and expand coordination and trust between multiple emergency and crisis response agencies. These requirements are superimposed on conventional administrative systems that rely on relatively rigid plans, decision protocols, and formal relationships that assume smooth sailing and uninterrupted communications and coordination. Network Governance in Response to Acts of Terrorism focuses o.

As a global partner, Nigeria public sector has opted for electronic government in the conduct of government business. To ensure that this is realizable, government has strategized many policy, programme and project options to ensure its viability. Unfortunately, these policy, programmes and projects that are mapped out by government over the years to ensure smooth implementation of e-governance in its business are not yielding positive results. It is in line with this development that this paper sought to explore the challenges that militate against its actualization and proffer some solutions that will help to cushion the effects of these obstacles that have become a cog in the wheels of e-governance in Nigerian public sector. Various literature were reviewed and the paper after sitting through the problems makes recommendations and concludes with a call for more research in the subject matter-of-governance.

Some of the world's poorest countries have demonstrated that political leadership and practical policies make a difference. Good governance could help to strengthen accountability, enhance participation and break down inequalities. Furthermore, a country's quality of government has a positive effect on the development of its financial market and equity returns. In particular, it lowers equity volatility and, therefore, the costs of equity financing, which further helps to reduce inequalities. While price jumps are prevalent in stock markets all over the world, previous literature provides little guidance about the international nature of jumps and its relationship with country characteristics. Jumps are found to be far less systematic than the smooth (non-jump) component of country price indexes. Hence, if jumps are more idiosyncratic, governance should primarily affect the jump risk component of stock market volatility. This is good news for international investors, because diversification provides insurance against jumps. Relying on an equilibrium asset-pricing model in an economy under jump diffusion, I decompose the moments of the returns of international stock markets into a diffusive (systematic) risk and a (idiosyncratic) jump risk part. Using stock market data for a balanced panel of 52 countries, my results suggest that risk governance is an important determinant of (idiosyncratic) jump risk. Stock markets in poorly governed countries are characterized by higher volatility and more negative return asymmetry, primarily driven by the higher jump risk. Among the different governance indicators analyzed, the regulatory quality, the government effectiveness and the control of corruption appear to be most important. Results are robust to the inclusion of various controls for other country- or market-specific characteristics. My results have important policy implications.

Improving demand management or enhancing water conservation is a complex and difficult governance problem, involving a complicated mixture of decentralization in some areas and instances (e.g., to promote greater on-farm efficiency via water-users associations) and re-centralization in others (e.g., to cope with pervasive third-party effects). Both the infrastructural and institutional changes are likely to be significant. Further, significant interest groups in society and within the state apparatus stand to lose important rents and/or privileges. In some cases, these interests may be able to stall or to block reforms. Given the lags involved and the possibilities of significant unexpected negative shocks, the consequences of "business as usual" could be severe. That is, failure to reform systems, and, therefore, failure to deliver adequate water supplies to increasing numbers of people, has destabilizing potential for some governments. Yet the process of decentralizing decision making can itself be destabilizing, depending upon the specific context. The dynamics of political reform of water allocation policies have important potential to add to social and political conflict within increasingly water-scarce societies. By the same token, however, there are significant opportunities to smooth the transition to more water efficient allocation systems.

AbstractAt least three generations of governance methods have been—and are still being—used for the regulation of the internal market: the classic EU method, leading to harmonisation and (more rarely) unification; the 'new approach' based on mutual recognition and the use of standards; and 'new governance' which does not entail any formal delegation of powers to the EU and operates through self-regulation, the creation of EU agencies and networks, administrative cooperation and other means of open coordination. It is impossible to establish either a hierarchy or a clear chronological order between these methods, while it is also quite difficult to reach a clear conclusion as to their efficiency. What is certain is that all methods of governance are under constant adjustment and that they all feed into one another in order to secure the smooth operation of the internal market. The interaction between these methods is the topic of the present chapter.

Abstract: Indonesia, the world's largest majority-Muslim society, successfully held three major elections in 2004—legislative elections in April and two rounds of presidential voting in July and September. The two rounds were part of Indonesia's first direct popular balloting for president and vice-president; power peacefully transferred from President Megawati Sukarnoputri of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) to former general Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) of the Democrat Party (PD). Although the smooth elections secured an important measure of legitimacy on the government, its leaders must now cope with many challenges, including lack of accountability, economic problems, corruption, separatist rebellions, and the tsunami's aftermath.

Can high-quality local governance alleviate the environmental impact of large-scale refugee migration? The recent surge in refugee flows has brought additional challenges to local governments in Europe, the Middle East and certain regions of Africa and Asia. In this paper, we focus on the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey and show that the quality of local governance plays a critical role in mitigating the environmental deterioration. We employ text analysis methods to construct a unique data set on local governance quality from the independent audit reports on municipalities. Using a quasi-experimental econometric strategy, we show that the Syrian refugee influx has worsened environmental outcomes along several dimensions in Turkey. Specifically, we find that the deterioration in environmental outcomes is almost entirely driven by provinces with poor-quality governance. Those provinces fail to invest sufficiently in waste management practices and environmental services in response to increased refugee settlements. We argue that good local governance practices can smooth out the refugee integration process and complement the efforts of central governments.

"In today's rapidly advancing digital world, governments face the dual challenge of harnessing technology to enhance security systems while safeguarding sensitive data from cyber threats and privacy breaches. Futuristic e-Governance Security With Deep Learning Applications provides a timely and indispensable solution to these pressing concerns. This comprehensive book takes a global perspective, exploring the integration of intelligent systems with cybersecurity applications to protect deep learning models and ensure the secure functioning of e-governance systems.By delving into cutting-edge techniques and methodologies, this book equips scholars, researchers, and industry experts with the knowledge and tools needed to address the complex security challenges of the digital era. The authors shed light on the current state-of-the-art methods while also addressing future trends and challenges. Topics covered range from skill development and intelligence system tools to deep learning, machine learning, blockchain, IoT, and cloud computing. With its interdisciplinary approach and practical insights, this book serves as an invaluable resource for those seeking to navigate the intricate landscape of e-governance security, leveraging the power of deep learning applications to protect data and ensure the smooth operation of government systems."--

Uganda, like many African countries in the 1990s, adopted decentralisation as a state reform measure after many years of civil strife and political conflicts, by transferring powers and functions to district councils. The decision to transfer powers and functions to district councils was, in the main, linked to the quest for democracy and development within the broader context of the nation state. This book's broader aim is to examine whether the legal and policy framework of decentralisation produces a system of governance that better serves the greater objectives of local democracy, local development and accommodation of ethnicity. Specifically, the book pursues one main aim: to examine whether indeed the existing legal framework ensures the smooth devolution process that is needed for decentralised governance to succeed. In so doing, the book seeks, overall, to offer lessons that are critically important not only for Uganda but any other developing nation that has adopted decentralisation as a state-restructuring strategy. The book uses a desk-top research method by reviewing Uganda's decentralisation legal and policy frameworks.

Technological transformations are currently reshaping the structure and strategies of public administrations and are expected to foster efficiency and policy integration. However, the literature on digital government has demonstrated that the introduction of technology is far from a smooth process, as it is often associated with conflict and negative feedback. This paper departs from James Thompson's notion of technology, understood as one of the most effective devices for organizational integration to conceptualise the context of digital innovations in the public sphere. ICTs are not all the same; they differ in their impact on intra- and inter-organizational interdependencies that are required for them to work properly in their domain. This paper introduces a typology of ICT-driven governance structures and advances hypotheses regarding the causal mechanisms underpinning successful implementation. Each type of governance structure is exemplified by an original case study of a programme of e-government reform in the Italian public sector. The empirical evidence is used to explore some implications concerning the strategies by which the programmes have been implemented and their transferability to other contexts.

International policy rules and inequality : implications for global economic governance / José Antonio Ocampo -- National inequalities and the political economy of global financial reform / Eric Helleiner -- Are new economic policy rules desirable to mitigate rising national inequalities? / Jonathan D. Ostry, Prakash Loungani, and Davide Furceri -- The impact of foreign investor protections on domestic inequality / Manuel F. Montes -- Investment treaties, investor-state dispute settlement, and inequality : how international rules and institutions can exacerbate domestic disparities / Lise Johnson and Lisa Sachs -- Capital openness and income inequality : smooth sailing or troubled waters? / Kevin P. Gallagher, Guillermo Lagarda, and Jennifer Linares -- Intellectual property : a regulatory constraint to redress inequalities / Carlos M. Correa -- The frustrated TPP and new challenges for the global governance of trade and investment / Osvaldo Rosales -- The effects of international tax competition on national income distribution / Valpy FitzGerald and Erika Dayle Siu -- Contributors -- Index