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Patient-centered care (PCC) in dentistry is a holistic approach that considers not just the dental condition but also the patient's individual preferences, needs, and values (Kristensen et al., 2023). It aims to ensure that patient values guide all clinical decisions, fostering a collaborative and respectful patient-dentist relationship. It tries to make sure patients' values determine clinical decisions so that an interaction involving both the dentist and a patient-centered approach with respect will result. This interconnection in dentistry goes further because psychosocial factors, such as experiencing dental phobia and one's economic class, affect oral health significantly. Dental phobia, which can create treatment avoidance, accentuates the necessity of comprehending and addressing such issues to provide effective and patient-centered care (Kristensen et al., 2023). Another issue is economics, which can hinder getting care, especially when dealing with a low-income group. Data shows that PCC is associated with a reduction in the use of health resources, better patient satisfaction, and better overall health. Additionally, PCC can aid professional healthcare workers when it comes to litigation cases, and it reduces work dissatisfaction, which is another indicator of its value. Integrating objective data into treatment strategies is essential for effectively implementing PCC in dentistry. Objective data, for instance, clinical parameters that can be quantified, serve as a research basis that completes the information patients can provide regarding their subjective experiences (DrKumo, 2023). Integration of the two of them provides a broader picture of the patient's current oral health status and the potential available treatments. For example, tracking a patient's hard data figures of probable oral wellness indicators like gingivitis and tooth damage alongside their subjective details, such as reported symptoms or concerns, can aid in recognizing patterns and customizing treatment plans to achieve better results by offering optimized services to the patients (DrKumo, 2023). However, despite the bright side of PCC, there are also some difficulties that persist; among them, one can highlight the absence of a uniform definition and detailed recommendations for its application in dentistry. Reasonable attempts are being made to tackle them by virtue of a theory-based PCC model created with the dental setting as its core area of application. However, additional research that would entail empirical testing of the model and its practicality is needed to realize the potential for developing patient-centered care in dentistry, indicating the rising importance of this model and its timely implementation in dentistry.

The practice of Dentistry in the European Community is regulated by the Council Directives of 1978 which provide for the activities of and training programmes for dental practitioners, and the mutual recognition of qualifications to facilitate the right to freedom of movement and the establishment of dental practices by non-nationals. In this article the author describes the dental health and the dental manpower in Malta and E.C. ; peer-reviewed

In a recently published IJHPR article, Cohen and Horev ask whether an individual who holds rightful governmental power is able to effectively "challenge the equilibrium" in ways that might "clash with the goals" of an influential group". This question is raised within the context of a shift in governmental policy that imposed the potential for cost management by HMOs acting as financial intermediaries for pediatric dental care in an effort to provide Israeli children better access to affordable dental care. The influential group referred to consists of Israel's private dentists and the individual seeking to challenge the equilibrium was an Israeli Minister of Health whom the authors consider to be a policy entrepreneur.The Israeli health care system is similar to that of the United States in that private benefit plans and self-pay financing dominate in dental care. This is in contrast to the substantial role of government in the financing and regulation of medical care in both countries (with Israel having universal coverage financed by government and the US having government financing the care of the elderly and the poor as well as providing subsidies through the tax system for the care of most other Americans).Efforts to expand governmental involvement in dental care in both countries have either been opposed by organized dentistry or have suffered from ineffective advocacy for increased public investment in dental care.In the U.S., philanthropic foundations have acted as or have supported health policy entrepreneurs. The recent movement to introduce the dental therapist, a type of allied dental professional trained to provide a narrow set of commonly-needed procedures, to the U.S. is discussed as an example of a successful challenge to the equilibrium by groups supported by these foundations. This is a somewhat different, and complementary, model of policy entrepreneurship from the individual policy entrepreneur highlighted in the Cohen-Horev paper.The political traction gained to change the equilibrium favored by organized dentistry - in both Israel and the U.S. - may reflect aspirations for care that is more accessible, patient-centered, accountable and equitable. Evolving aspirations may lead to policy changes to systematize the disparate, disaggregated dental care delivery system in both counties. A change in payment incentives to provide more value is being explored for medical care, and its expansion to dental care can be anticipated to be among the policies considered in the future.

One aim of higher education is to develop professional identities in students to equip them for future working life. Health professional students will work under financial pressures in a market-based environment, which can lead to conflicts with professional ethical values. This study explores how Swedish dental students perceive economic aspects of dentistry. The article is based on a study of undergraduate research projects. In the analysis of the projects, two themes were identified: (1) cost-effective organizing of dentistry and (2) costs and benefits of interventions. The students displayed socially responsible values by emphasizing the need for dentists to utilize resources effectively, which implies that professional education can support the development of the perception that economic values can be compatible with professional ethical values.
Keywords: cost-effectiveness, ethics, healthcare, higher education, social responsibility

SUMMARYAmalgam has proved to be among the most versatile and durable of all restorative materials used in the treatment of dental disease. Hospital controls are essential to ensure that it is handled and controlled properly. Each practitioner and staff member should realize the potential hazards associated with mercury, and practice good mercury hygienic measures and control procedures.

This report by the Legislative Audit Council reviews the operations and laws of the Board of Dentistry. The Council determines that the Board should be continued and that termination would pose a threat to the health, safety, and welfare of the public. However, the Council also discusses several areas in which the Board can increase its effectiveness.

Intro -- Frontmatter -- Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data -- Table of Contents -- Cases -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I Ethical Questions: Theory and Principles -- Chapter 1: An Overview of Ethicsin Dentistry -- The Influence of Society and Medicine -- How Dentists Perceive Ethical Problems -- Ethical Issues Faced by Dentists -- Values in Clinical Dental Ethics -- References -- Chapter 2: The Structure of Professions and the Responsibilities of Professionals -- A Brief History of Professions -- A More Complete Definition of a Profession -- Relationships with Patients: The Fiduciary Relation -- Characteristics of Professions -- Recent Criticism of the Professions -- References -- Chapter 3: Basic Ethical Theory -- The Meaning of Morality -- Possible Grounding of Ethics -- References -- Chapter 4: Ethical Principles -- Autonomy -- Nonmaleficence -- Beneficence -- Justice -- Other Ethical Principles -- References -- Chapter 5: Format for Resolving Ethical Questions -- Case 2: The Case of the Suspicious Dentist -- Protocol for Ethical Decision Making -- Analysis of the Case of the Suspicious Dentist -- Our View -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II General Principles in Dental Ethics -- Chapter 6: Doing Good and Avoiding Harm -- The Relation of Benefits and Harms -- Case 3: The Patient Scares the Dentist -- Case 4: A Choice Between High-Risk Surgery and Continued Disfigurement -- What Counts as a Dental Good -- Case 5: Agree to Disagree -- Case 6: Interrupted Treatment -- Case 7: Surgeon's Dilemma -- Dental Good Versus Total Good -- Case 8: Partial Refusal of Treatment -- Case 9: Mrs Miller Wants Dentures -- Case 10: Crown Versus Clothes -- The Duty to Benefit a Nonpatient -- Case 11: Saturday Afternoon Toothache -- Case 12: A Neighbor's Toothache.