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Promoting the improvement of the overall energy performance of buildings is a relevant part of the European climate action and the Roadmap for moving towards a competitive low carbon economy in 2050, with an expectation of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by around 90% when compared to 1990 values, in the area of the built environment. The recast of the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) introduced the goal of nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) for all new buildings from January 1st, 2021 and plans should be drawn to stimulate the transformation of existing buildings that are refurbished into the same concept. EPBD also requires that all European Member States must ensure that the minimum energy performance requirements for buildings are set to achieve optimal levels, i.e. the energy performance levels that lead to the minimum cost during the life cycle. Therefore, Cost Optimality and nZEB are two fundamental concepts within the current European Union policy related to the energy performance of buildings and consequently related to climate change mitigation and non-renewable resources consumption, with Cost Optimality mainly focused on costs and nZEB focused on low energy consumption levels and on site renewables harvesting. In this context, this paper, using two characteristic buildings of the Portuguese residential building stock, aims at presenting the results that emerged from the analysis and identification of the most cost-effective packages of renovation measures needed to adapt existing buildings to zero energy balance and comparing them with those resulting from the calculation of cost-optimal levels.The investigation of the trade-offs between a renovation towards zero energy balance and a cost optimal renovation without energy use restrictions is relevant to provide clues to the development of national plans for increasing the number of nZEB and to provide appropriate financing and other instruments to catalyze this ...

Energy efficiency in buildings remains an important priority for the European Union. Towards that direction, the role of the one-stop-shops (OSSs) that will offer integrated renovation services has been further enhanced. The paper aims to compare public and private-driven OSSs to increase knowledge regarding the way they operate. The business models of ten OSSs for the renovation of residential buildings, operating in six European countries have been analyzed, and further evaluated for their engagement in the critical moments of the renovation customer journey. Findings show that the majority of examined OSSs have managed to reach some level of standardization in the way they deliver their service. Additionally, the examined OSSs appear to be engaged in the critical moment of the renovation customer journey, which can attract the interest of potential customers. Public-driven OSS appears to operate smoother in the renovation market and offer services that are considered crucial for their potential customers. Their viability though in the absence of public funding needs to be further examined. On the other hand, private-driven OSSs are called to deal with greater challenges in their effort to consolidate their presence in the renovation market. Providing access to financing remains a challenge for private-driven OSSs, which to attract more customers resort to value additions to their service, which might affect their viability. The study provides valuable information and insights about OSSs in operation that could be useful to stakeholders that are active in the renovation market or interested to enter it ; Sustainable Housing for Strong Communities (Stronghouse)

The common EU framework for assessing the energy performance of residential buildings and awarding Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) is an important resource in the context of informing effective policy measures to improve energy efficiency. However, properties that have been assessed to-date are not likely to be fully representative of the entire housing stock and therefore provide a faulty baseline from which to devise policy actions. The paper presents a methodology to estimate the energy performan ce of all residential properties and , combined with census data , identifies what distinguishes the most energy inefficient properties, whether it is location, ownership, age or other characteristic. Data from the Irish EPC database suggest that 25% of the Irish residential housing stock is in the most energy inefficient categories, whereas the methodology developed here suggests that it is substantially higher at 35%. The results also indicate that there is a substantially greater likelihood that the elderly, or families living in rental properties live in the most energy inefficient properties.

This article introduces public goods into a residential land use model and examines the locational consequences of alternative methods for financing such goods. Public goods are differentiated according to their spatial characteristics and the effects on rent and density gradients examined. The effects on rents and density are shown to differ according to whether the public goods are financed by benefit taxes, income taxes, property taxes, or land value taxes.

No. 1 has special title only. ; Hearings held March 20 to July 26, 1939. ; no. 1. H. res. 124, requesting the Secretary of the Interior to furnish information as to the safety of Corcoran courts building.--no. 2. H.J. res. 171, authorizing the President . to accept on behalf of the United States a conveyance of certain lands on Government island from the city of Alameda, California.--no. 3. H.R. 5328, to authorize a sale of the old Carson City (Nevada) mint site and building.--no. 4. H.R. 5836, to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to accept real estate devised to the United States by the late Lizzie Beck, of Mena, Arkansas.--no. 5. H.R. 6017, to authorize the disposal of the Portland (Oreg.) old Courthouse building.--no. 6. H.R. 6021, to repeal the minimum price limitation on sale of the Akron (Ohio) old Post-office building and site.--no. 7. H.R. 5037, to convey certain property to the city of El Campo, Tex.--no. 8-9. H.R. 6830, a bill to authorize the construction of new buildings for the Navy Department in the District of Columbia.--no. 10. S. 1725, a bill relating to the acquisition of the site of the Post-office building to be constructed in Poplarville, Miss.--no. 11. H.R. 6880, a bill authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to convey an easement in certain lands to the city of New York.--no. 12. H.J. res. 341, a joint resolution to dissolve the United States Supreme Court building Commission.--no. 13. H.R. 965, to amend the act entitled 'An act to provide for the disposition, control, and use of surplus real property acquired by federal agencies.--no. 14. H.R. 7293, a bill to amend section 355 of the Revised statues, as amended, to make permissive the acquisition of legislative jurisdiction over land or interests in land acquired by the United States. ; No. 12 wrongly numbered 10. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Solar thermal energy has been adopted in medium and long‐term energy strategies within EU countries for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings. In this context, the overall objective of this project consists in developing an innovative high performance and cost effective hybrid system (solar heat and electrical power). The initial application is to be implemented in residential buildings for on‐site electricity and heat generation using solar thermal energy. The proposed technology is expected to deliver 60% of domestic energy requirements (heating and domestic hot water) and provide 20% reduction in energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions compared to the best existing low carbon energy technologies. A benchmark on the energy demand for the different types of residential buildings in Europe serves as reference scenario to evaluate the potential applicability of the different existing renewable technologies and to establish a comparative framework in terms of quantitative values. Thus, the specific aim of this study consists in performing a state‐of‐the‐art on the different building typologies, which can host this technology, and their energy demands for heating and domestic hot water, as well as their associated CO2 emissions. ; This study has received funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement Nº723596 (Innova MicroSolar) and Nº 657466 (INPATH‐TES). The work is partially funded by the Spanish government ENE2015‐64117‐ C5‐1‐R (MINECO/FEDER) and ENE2015‐64117‐C5‐3‐R (MINECO/FEDER). GREA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2014 SGR 123). Alvaro de Gracia would like to thank Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España for Grant Juan de la Cierva, FJCI‐2014‐19940.