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PurposeThis paper aims to locate, describe and analyze the mechanism and impact of women's informal role within the formally male‐onlySulha– a prevalent, inter/intra‐communal dispute resolution process practiced by Muslim, Christian and Druze Arabs in Israel and in many other regions of the Middle East and the Muslim world. Furthermore, this paper seeks to explore the way men's formal roles and women's informal roles interact within theSulha's strict patriarchal settings.Design/methodology/approachThe first section of this paper uses interviews, participant observation and existing literature to locate, describe and analyze the specific ways in which women informally participate in and impact on theSulhaprocess. The second section uses a questionnaire, interviews, existing literature and analysis to examine the attitudes of men and women regarding women's current and future roles inSulha.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that the formal (male‐only) visible part of theSulhaprocess coexists alongside a significant, yet mostly invisible, informal contribution of women – at each stage of the process. Furthermore, the paper shows that both men and women are cognizant of the informal role women play inSulha, and that both men and women are open to a possible future expansion of the role of women inSulha, including into formal roles.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the need to seek and evaluate informal, sometimes invisible, yet significant contributions of women to traditional dispute resolution processes in strict patriarchal cultures.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Patriarchalism is omnipresent in Western culture and it pervades the texts that have shaped this culture. From the creation story in the Bible to the ancient authors, from the Church fathers to the treatises of Enlightenment philosophers, right up to modern fiction, male authority over women, children and other dependents has shaped the nature of human relationships and the discourses about these relationships. This collection of short essays offers fresh and novel readings of key texts in the history of patriarchalism as a concept of power. The texts selected are from political, religious and literary works and together the readings add new insights to a tradition that has never gone uncontested, yet is unlikely to disappear soon.

This article discusses the winner of the election of women as a gender perspective studies and studies fading patriarchal culture in the province of East Java. The purpose of the study is; (1). Explores the political motives of candidates, kandidasi process, support election management bodies and CSOs, and the issue of gender equality in the nomination, and political context that allows the emergence of female kandidasi process. (2). Get an overview of the political profile candidates, kandidasi process, the role and support of election management bodies and the CSO, and the issue of gender equality in the nomination, and political context in the kandidasi process. (3). Interpret the presence of women in the election. The results of this study indicate that changes in the local political order decentralization followed by the application of the system of regional head election (election) directly, the more open structure of opportunity for women from various backgrounds to exist in the political space. If the existence of women in kandidasi lawmakers have increased, not the case in the election candidates are still relatively new

Analyzes the gender politics that underlay three major currents in popular African-American culture of the late 1980s & 1990s: Afrocentrism, rap music, & the resurgent popularity of 1960s black political leader, Malcolm X. It is contended that all three trends are very male-centered, &, while they challenge racial oppression on one level, they feed into sexual oppression on another. The romantic celebration of male-dominated African traditions by Afrocentric scholars, the misogynist debasement of African-American women in certain genres of rap music, & the iconization of Malcolm X as a redemptive black patriarch all threaten progressive efforts to forge a more egalitarian relationship between African-American men & women, & in effect emulate the hierarchical gender pyramid characteristic of the dominant culture in US society. AA

AbstractGender discrimination in the labor market is usually seen as the result of the employers' cultural bias. In this article, we see the issue from a larger perspective by combining both labor market and household decision making together. It is often observed that women, prioritizing their families over their careers, settle for less paying and less demanding job profiles. This leads to gender wage gap even if the employers do not discriminate between male and female employees. We argue that women may make such choices in presence of patriarchal social norms, which see household chores as the primary duty of women. Our theoretical model predicts that women coming from families with stronger patriarchal values are more likely to accept less paying (and less demanding) jobs in the labor market than the women from liberal families. Our empirical section that uses a nationally representative survey data from India provides support for our theoretical predictions. Our results are robust to different measures of patriarchal culture. We also show that the marginal effect of patriarchy on women's wage varies across occupations and places of residence.

Ülkedeki ataerkil ve maskülen kültür nedeniyle Somali'deki kadınlar kamusal yaşamda cinsiyet eşitliğine yönelik daha az ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Somalili ataerkil toplum erkeklere mutlak öncelik verdiğinden dolayı kadınların insan haklarını da bir dereceye kadar kısıtlamaktadır. Pek çok gözlemci ataerkil kültürün İslam dininden kaynaklandığına inanmaktadır; ancak tersine kadın ve erkek eşitliğinin, maneviyatının ve insanlığının bir parçası olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Ayrıca Somali'deki ataerkil normlar kadınların yaşamın her alanında özellikle siyasette geri kalmasına sebep olmaktadır. Böylece İslami feminizmin önemi anlaşılmıştır ve kadın haklarının savunuculuğu ülkede her geçen gün artmıştır. Bugün siyasette kadınların bilincini arttırmak, genel olarak kıtada ve özel olarak ülkede ataerkil kültüre son vermek için özellikle Somali'de olmak üzere dünya çapında birçok feminist ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yüzden bu çalışmanın amacı, İslami feminizmin Somali toplumunun ataerkil tutumuna meydan okuyup okumadığını keşfetmek ve ataerkil Somali toplumunun kadınların siyasete katılımını nasıl algıladığını tespit etmektir ve ayrıca bu c çalışmada Somali'deki ataerkil kültür düzeyinin açığa kavuşturulması da amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla bu çalışma Somali'nin başkenti Mogadişu'daki katılımcılardan veri toplamak için anket kullanılarak nicel tasarım aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir ve daha sonra veriler SPSS 24.0 veri analiz yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. ; Women in Somalia have made less progress towards gender equality in public life due to patriarchal and masculinity culture in the country. Unluckily Somali Patriarchal community used to give an absolute privilege and priority to their male gender than female, and some boundaries to women's human rights also. Certainly many observers and scholars claim that patriarchal culture stems from Islam religion that is not true, in fact equality of men and women are part of the humanity, ethics, and spirituality of Islam. Furthermore, patriarchal norms in Somalia has caused women to lag behind in every aspect of life particularly politics. Thus, the importance of Islamic feminism has been realized and advocacy of women's right increased day by day in the country. Today many feminists emerged globally and Somalia particularly, to enhance the awareness of women in politics and to make an end the patriarchal culture in the continent generally and the country specifically. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore if Islamic feminism concepts challenges the patriarchal attitude of Somali society, and to find out how patriarchal Somali society perceives women's participation in politics, also it's intended to clarify the level of patriarchal culture in Somalia. For this aim, the study was conducted through quantitative design, using questionnaire as instrument of the research to collect data from respondents in Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia, then the data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0 data analysis software.

Leben in der »Patrix«: In der patriarchalen Matrix bestimmt das Männliche die Welt. Indem es sich zur alleinigen Norm erhebt, blendet es alle nicht der (cis) männlichen Norm entsprechenden Menschen aus. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes setzen sich kritisch mit diesem Konzept auseinander, liefern eine systemische Rückbindung in historischer Tiefe und diskutieren die Geschlechtlichkeit von Objekten, Strukturen und Hierarchien in intersektionaler Perspektive. Die Verflechtungen der Machtstrukturen werden dabei ebenso in den Blick genommen wie die unterschiedlichen Dimensionen der Diskriminierung. Ausgehend von Rebekka Endlers »Das Patriarchat der Dinge« vertiefen und erweitern die interdisziplinären Forschungsbeiträge dessen zentrale Thesen

This paper investigates "Biblical Deborah and Mary Mitchell Slessor – A Comparison in Time and Space and Lessons for Contemporary Africa." Worthy of note is the fact that, for some of the religions of the world women are a problem; from time immemorial they have been subordinate to men, second-class in the family, politics and business, with limited rights and even limited participation in worship. This was not different from the epochs of both biblical Deborah (Judges 4-5) and Mary Mitchell Slessor, the White Queen of Okoyong. In the time where patriarchy was the rule of the day, there arose two women at different places, times yet with similar circumstances to salvage the people and bring about God's mission to the human race. Though both operated within the context of the mission of the church, theirs was missio dei not missio ecclesia, because in their age, missio ecclesia used more of patriarchal instruments while mission dei was/is involve in using human and the entire inhabited world (oikoumenē). The peculiar things about the epochs of both Deborah and Mary Slessor are best described in the text, ".in the days of Jael, the roads were abandoned; travelers took to winding paths. Village life in Israel ceased, ceased until I, Deborah, arose, arose a mother in Israel" (Judges 5:6-7). Both characters are worth studying in close comparison with each other, and this is one of the reasons for this paper. Drawing insights from both characters using historical methodology in the study of religion and the Feminist Biblical Hermeneutics of the Reconstruction of Biblical History among other feminist theories as approaches in evaluating Judges 4 & 5 and content analysis research methodology in respect of the life of Biblical Deborah and the life of Mary Mitchell Slessor, the work concludes that in the missio dei, God's whose plan is for an egalitarian society uses all genders equally to bring to pass God's mission. The significant of this work lies not only in it providing a tool for further academic research but in the lessons to be drawn for the present political and religious dispensation in Africa in particular and the world in general.