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Although past research on racial socialization tends to concentrate on providing cultural knowledge and pride, this paper focuses on exposure to environments as a means of understanding preparation for racial discrimination, specifically in regard to transracial adoption. This article looks at how 19 white adoptive parents of black and multiracial adopted children perceive their neighborhood choice and decisions of where to send their kids to school and whom to befriend in order to understand how they approach racial socialization. Analysis of data from in-depth interviews illustrates how those who adopted transracially both domestically and internationally stressed that they did not want their children to be in environments where they would be the only person of color because they were concerned about their child experiencing racism and feeling isolated. Even so, they tended to live in white neighborhoods and send their children to predominantly white schools. Parents expressed being conflicted by what they saw as opposing measures and perceptions of school quality and racial-ethnic diversity. The parents in this study said that they sought out social support through organizations and friendships to expand their social networks for themselves and their children. Findings are not meant to challenge or support transracial adoption but rather to gain insight into perceptions of racial diversity, neighborhood and school choices, and friendship networks as a way to understand aspects of racial socialization associated with environmental exposure and preparation for racism.

Over the past few decades, school choice has been a widely debated issue around the globe, following the development of pluralism, liberty, and democracy. In many countries, school choice systems were preceded by residence-based school assignment systems, creating a strong connection between a neighborhood and its schools' demographic compositions. However, schools often remain highly segregated. School segregation is thus seen as a major problem and is supposedly driven by three main factors: residential segregation, parental school choice, and schools' selection of pupils. This paper aims to shed light on what research should be focusing on as regards school choice and residential segregation with the following two research questions: What are the links between neighborhood and school choice in the literature? How are neighborhood and school choice connected to school segregation in the literature? Two main findings emerged: (1) the neighborhood-based social networks that parents developed had limited their school choices and (2) neighborhood segregation is one of the most important factors that contributes to school segregation and is related to multi-ethnic and socioeconomic contexts.

I. Introduction /David Segal --II. Demand for neighborhood --A logit model of demand for neighborhood /Roberton C. Williams, Jr. --A probability model for analyzing interneighborhood mobility /Jonathan H. Mark, Thomas P. Boehm and Charles L. Leven --A quasi-loglinear model of neighborhood choice /David Segal --Neighborhood choice and transportation services /Steven R. Lerman --III. Neighborhood supply --Private residential renewal and the supply of neighborhoods /Clifford R. Kern --The role of governments as suppliers of neighborhood /Lesley Daniels --Modeling neighborhood change /John F. Kain and William C. Apgar, Jr. --IV. Equilibrium approaches to neighborhood --The Hedonic price approach to measuring demand for neighborhood characteristics /A. Myrick Freeman, III --The disbenefits of neighborhood and environment to urban property /Brian J.L. Berry and Robert S. Bednarz --A computational approach to the study of neighborhood effects in general equilibrium urban land use models /Donald K. Richter --Local public goods and the market for neighborhoods /Bryan Ellickson.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Sharing America's Neighborhoods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Extent and Stability of Racial Integration in the Contemporary United States -- 3 Toward a Theory of Racial Change -- 4 Correlates of Racial Stability -- 5 Racial Composition and Neighborhood Satisfaction -- 6 Race, Neighborhood, and the Decision to Move 6 Race, Neighborhood, and the Decision to Move -- 7 Racial Composition and Neighborhood Choice -- 8 Conclusions and Policy Implications -- Notes -- References -- Index