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Governments and development agencies are advocating mobile technology as a potential tool for developing and improving livelihoods, especially in developing countries where traditional technologies have failed to gain ground for wide ranging reasons. It is, therefore, understandable that the use of mobile technology in health care (mHealth) is growing in developing countries. Healthcare is one of the challenges facing developing countries, with the majority of the countries still lagging behind in most of the health related Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (Goals 4, 5 and 6). Due to the nascence of the domain, research in the domain is still in its infancy and, as such, there is little evidence to support the claims about the impact of the technology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the progress of mHealth as well as the progress of the research in the domain in developing countries. Data for the study are mHealth papers presented at the Third Mobile for Development (M4D) Conference which took place in India between 28th and 29th February 2012. The review notes the following about research in mHealth in developing countries: (i) Most interventions are patient-facing; this provides opportunities for using mHealth to empower the public; (ii) The interventions use a growing range of technological solutions; (iii) Most research still focuses on pilot projects as opposed to scaled-up projects and (iv) Research in the domain still lacks rigour.

The use of mobile and wireless technologies to support the achievement of health objectives (mHealth) has the potential to transform the face of health service delivery across the globe. A powerful combination of factors is driving this change. These include rapid advances in mobile technologies and applications a rise in new opportunities for the integration of mobile health into existing eHealth services and the continued growth in coverage of mobile cellular networks. According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) there are now over 5 billion wireless subscribers; over 70% of

Intro -- Preface -- Foreword -- Contents -- About the book -- Chapter 1 Developing sustainable hospital healthcare services -- Chapter 2 Promoting the adoption of robots in healthcare for sustainability -- Chapter 3 Design of healthcare sustainability: innovation and challenges -- Chapter 4 Healthcare sustainability with artificial intelligence: innovations, benefits, and challenges -- Chapter 5 Additive manufacturing for advancing healthcare sustainability -- Chapter 6 Revolutionizing healthcare sustainability through mHealth applications -- Chapter 7 Sustainable healthcare system using biomedical engineering -- Chapter 8 Developing sustainable healthcare in waste management: a comprehensive approach -- Chapter 9 Measurement of social sustainability in healthcare supply chain management -- Chapter 10 Importance of telemedicine on healthcare sustainability during pandemics -- Index.

Chapter 1: Emerging mHealth Ecosystems based on innovative technologies and services Vassileia Costarides, Kostas Giokas and Dimitris Koutsouris Chapter 2: Wearable Health Monitoring Systems: An overview of design research areas Amine Boulemtafes and Nadjib Badache Chapter 3: Citizen Engagement in the mHealth Ecosystem Using Mobiles and Wearable Devices Ioannis Kouris and Dimitrios Koutsouris Chapter 4: Innovative mHealth Ecosystems Dimitrios Tsoromokos, Zacharias Dermatis, Filippos Gozadinos and Athina Lazakidou Chapter 5: Mobile-Health Tool Use and Community Health Worker Performance in the Kenyan Context: A Comparison of Task-Technology Fit Perspectives Maradona C. Gatara < Chapter 6: Design of Wearable Health Monitoring Systems: An overview of techniques and technologies< Nadjib Badache and Amine Boulemtafes Chapter 7: M-Health ecosystem based of a non-invasive commercial hemodynamic monitoring system used for heart failure patients, as portable point of care Petros Toumpaniaris, Kostas Giokas and Dimitris Koutsouris Chapter 8: How Knowledge Flows Through Social Networks and Communities of Practice in a Healthcare Project Maria Tsouri, Kleopatra Alamantariotou, Ourania Pediaditaki, Vikentia Harizopoulou and Georgia Kontosorou Chapter 9: A context-aware social networking platform built around the needs of elderly users: The Go-myLife experience Maria Haritou, Athanasios Anastasiou, Maria Schwarz-Woelzl, Teresa Holocher-Ertl, Michael Mulquin, Idoia Olalde, Ioannis Kouris and Dimitris Koutsouris Chapter 10: Cost effectiveness in healthcare using social networks Stelios Zimeras Chapter 11: Social Networks and Web-based Applications in the Healthcare Sector Athina Lazakidou Chapter 12: Knowledge Sharing in Health Innovation Projects: Experiential Learning from Collaborating in a Project-Based Working Group Focusing in Knowledge Transfer in Maternity Services Best Practice (COST Projects IS 0907) Kleopatra Alamantariotou and Katerina Nicolopoulou Chapter 13: Social Networks Medical Image Steganography using Sub-Fibonacci Sequences Nikolaos G. Aroukatos, Kostas Manes and Stelios Zimeras Chapter 14: Studying the information behavior of healthcare professionals in a Greek private clinic using social networks models P. Kostagiolas, Stelios Zimeras, G. Alexias and Z. Siskou

International audience ; In the absence of political action to address behavioural health in many developing countries (Lachat et al., 2013) one could suggest to simply make use of infrastructure that is already available – the mobile technology infrastructure. This seems sensible considering that modern mobiletechnology has reached almost every person on our planet. Additionally, the digital divide between developed and developing countries is closing and in 2016 95% of the global population has access to a mobile phone network while the number of mobile broadband subscriptions grows rapidlyespecially in developing countries (International Telecommunication Union, 2016). Mobile technology ownership is also not limited to any specific demographic because it is increasingly affordable and hence, there is potential to utilise behavioural mHealth approaches to successfully deal with NCDs in developing countries (Beratarrechea et al., 2014; Stephani, Opoku, & Quentin, 2016).

mHealth-Systeme in der Medizin -- Chancen der Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens -- Digitale Dienstleistungen, veränderte Geschäftsmodelle und Zielgruppen -- Gebrauchstauglichkeit, Akzeptanz und Nutzungserlebnis von mHealth-Anwendungen -- Verbesserung der ganzheitlichen Gesundheit mittels mHealth und Coaching -- Qualitätsbewertung, Datenschutz und Informationssicherheit von mHealth-Anwendungen.

Purpose
The emergence of mHealth applications has led to the rise of health-based services delivered over smartphones. Younger people are often found to be more innovative toward technology, especially related to smartphones (Rai et al., 2013). Most mHealth application downloaders are continually shifting between applications because of the hyper-competition making achieving loyal consumers challenging (Racherla et al., 2012). The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants that help increase young consumers mHealth application loyalty. This study integrates self-determination theory (SDT), gamification elements and engagement to examine loyalty.


Design/methodology/approach
A valid sample of 263 college student's data was obtained for data analysis from a survey conducted in multiple campuses of the Delhi University in India.


Findings
The three psychological needs: need for autonomy, need for competence and need for relatedness, showed a positive impact on intrinsic motivation. From the gamification factors; perceived playfulness, the level of challenge and social interaction, only the first two showed a positive impact on extrinsic motivation. Both motivation factors influence engagement, showing a frequent interaction with the application, leading to loyalty.


Originality/value
Previous studies examined the adoption of mHealth services, this study is one of the first to examine young consumers' loyalty in using mhealth apps. It sheds light on the existing literature and contributes to research on mHealth applications by determining the factors that lead to loyalty by the young consumers.

In the last decades, the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has progressively spread to society and public administration. Health is one of the areas in which the use of ICTs has more intensively developed through what is now known as eHealth. That area has recently included mHealth. Spanish health system has stood out as one of the benchmarks of this technological revolution. The development of ICTs applied to health, especially since the outbreak of the pandemic caused by SARS Cov-2, has increased the range of health services delivered through smartphones and the development of subsequent specialized apps. Based on the data of a Survey on Use and Attitudes regarding eHealth in Spain, the aim of this research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the different eHealth and mHealth user profiles. The results show that the user profile of eHealth an mHealth services in Spain is not in a majority. Weaknesses are detected both in the knowledge and use of eHealth services among the general population and in the usability or development of their mobile version. Smartphones can be a democratizing vector, as for now, access to eHealth services is only available to wealthy people, widening inequality.

The mHealth field understandably arose from a base of practice, developed a nascent, yet ever-expanding, body of inter-disciplinary scholarship, and currently hopes for recognition by, and establishment on, national and trans-national policy bodies and agendas respectively. However, to justify public investment, policymakers require a body of theoretically sound, methodologically rigorous, and generalizable, evidence on how mobile technologies can effectively improve basic healthcare service delivery for hard-to-reach, resource-poor populations in developing countries. This essay draws upon prior work, ranging from a review article, an mHealth intervention for Indonesian healthcare workers within the medical infrastructure, to a text-messaging project in Uganda focused on beneficiaries. The argument is organized around theoretical, methodological, and sustainability issues, and proposes suggestions for how the discipline of mobile communication studies can add value to the field of mHealth research in developing countries.

Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction: Social and Cultural Futures-The Everyday Use and Shifting Discourse of mHealth -- References -- 2 One Size Does Not Fit All: The Importance of Contextually Sensitive mHealth Strategies for Frontline Female Health Workers -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 mHealth Implementation for Antenatal Care in Pakistan -- 2.2.1 Lady Health Workers: Primary Carers for Rural Mothers in Pakistan -- 2.2.2 Antenatal Care in Pakistan: Proposed mHealth Monitoring Solutions -- 2.2.2.1 Project Background -- 2.2.2.2 mHealth Solution: Overall Proposed Design -- 2.2.2.3 Project Implementation Setting -- 2.2.2.4 Project Team -- 2.2.3 Project Implementation Journey -- 2.2.3.1 Phase 1: Requirements Gathering -- 2.2.3.2 Phase 2: Initial Testing and User Training -- 2.2.3.3 Phase 3: Postlaunch User Feedback -- 2.3 The Way Forward -- 2.3.1 Incorporating Communication into mHealth Programs -- 2.3.1.1 Contextually Sensitive Technological Choices -- 2.3.1.2 Micro-level mHealth Promotion: Benefitting from Existing Technological Options -- 2.3.1.3 Incorporating Immaterial Labor Costs in Project Budgets -- 2.3.2 Macro-level Strategies for Increased Acceptance of LHWs -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 The Path to Scale: Navigating Design, Policy, and Infrastructure -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Infrastructure: Creating a Balance Between Feasibility and Sustainability -- 3.3 Technology: The Right Tools for the Right Context -- 3.4 Institutional Partnerships -- 3.5 Human Resources -- 3.6 Policy -- 3.7 Financial Sustainability -- 3.7.1 Direct Government Financing -- 3.7.2 Alternative Ways of Sustainable Financing -- 3.7.3 Cost-Effectiveness -- 3.8 Interoperability: An Open Architecture Framework -- 3.9 User-Centered Design -- 3.10 Impact -- 3.11 Conclusion: The Path to Scale -- References.