Suchergebnisse

This paper argues that the growth and legalization of Political Islamism in Tunisia will naturally hinder the contemporary influence of violent extremism, leading to partnership and inclusion within a Democratic government. The basis for this claim rests on the idea that the condemnation and repression of Political Islamism in Tunisia historically backfired and led to the further underground radicalization of Tunisians, along with scores of human rights abuses by authorities. Specifically, this essay will focus on the moderate Islamist party Ennahda, the Salafist party Ansar al-Sharia, and their complex relationship to each other as well as to domestic and regional politics at large. Furthermore, this essay will examine the wide continuum of Political Islamism at present, including the Tunisian government's most recent agenda regarding its response to violent extremism, terrorism and acts of vigilante violence. This essay advocates for the Tunisian government to continue to allow the participation of Islamist groups within the political arena while maintaining security, transparency, and accountability for the state and its citizens.

Abstract of a study effected on a group of Tunisian women forming part of the cadres.

State Responsibility — For Acts of Rioters — Dependent Territory — Protectorate — Whether Protecting or Protected State Responsible — Status of Tunisia while Protectorate of France.47Dependent Territories — Protected and Associated States — Status of Tunisia while Protectorate of France — Responsibility for Torts — Acts of Rioters.

This report presents the current state of identification (ID) systems in Tunisia and their use across sectors. Based on an initial study completed in 2018 by the World Bank's identification for development (ID4D) initiative, it provides a summary of the strengths and weakness of the country's primary ID systems and recommended next steps for developing an inclusive and trusted identity ecosystem that will improve governance and facilitate access to basic rights and services. This report is organized as follows: part one gives introduction. Part two provides an update on the status of identity projects and their progress since the benchmarking study commissioned by the Government of Tunisia (GoT) in 2015 that led to the development of the unique citizen identifier (IUC). It gives an overview of existing databases and credentials, as well as ongoing projects and issues with implementation. Part three provides a summary of the main achievements, as well as ongoing challenges and uncertainties regarding identification in Tunisia across these various systems and projects, and then provides recommendations for addressing these issues in the future.

This study presents the policy of Arabization in Tunisia as an example of language planning which has been used to pursue and maintain power. It argues that Arabization has been promoted only to the extent that it served the interests of the politico-economic ruling elite. After reviewing the relevant literature, the study evaluates the language situation in Tunisia in terms of the degree of implementation of Arabization in three domains: 1) education; 2) government administration; 3) the media and general use. The study shows that the official authorities have been quite inconsistent in promoting Arabization, and that they have encouraged bilingualism (Arabic and French) and biculturalism (Arab-Islamic and Western European, mainly French) much more consistently. In this light, the study analyzes the attitudes and objectives of the authorities, who represent the influential elites, as they interact with other competing elites in order to maintain power.