Technological advancement is the key driver for economic growth and sustainable development. Geospatial Technologies applications and tools available today are being used for improved performance of a country towards all major verticals of economy. In a bid to attract investment and ensure hassle-free land acquisition for major projects, the Odisha government decided to create land banks for industrial development using advanced technology applications. In the present paper Geo-informatics, ICT and space technology inputs are used to create Web-GIS based solutions for Land Bank creation. High resolution ortho-images, geo-referenced digital revenue cadastral datasets, Revenue RoR data, satellite derived spatial datasets and utility attribute datasets of state department are used to create the Web-GIS Odisha land bank. Emphasis was given to develop a portal that offers an interactive platform and provide detailed information with regards to availability of industrial plots or land plot clusters based on location specific attributes in terms of connectivity, rail and road linkages and other physical and social infrastructure available in the vicinity. Conversely, the developed system helps an investor to identify suitable land plots in the vicinity of the utility, sub-utility selected by an investor as per his requirement. It enables prospective investors to identify suitable land in Odisha from the comfort of their offices. A prospective investor can define preferred parameters such as the district, size of land required, facilities available in the vicinity and proximity to existing developed infrastructure etc. based on which the portal identifies and returns information regarding the suitable land parcels available in the State. The outputs are web-hosted in public domain for use by all stakeholders interactively under GOPLUS (Govt. Odisha Portal for Land use and Services) through gis.investodisha.org.
Technological advancement is the key driver for economic growth and sustainable development. Geospatial Technologies applications and tools available today are being used for improved performance of a country towards all major verticals of economy. In a bid to attract investment and ensure hassle-free land acquisition for major projects, the Odisha government decided to create land banks for industrial development using advanced technology applications. In the present paper Geo-informatics, ICT and space technology inputs are used to create Web-GIS based solutions for Land Bank creation. High resolution ortho-images, geo-referenced digital revenue cadastral datasets, Revenue RoR data, satellite derived spatial datasets and utility attribute datasets of state department are used to create the Web-GIS Odisha land bank. Emphasis was given to develop a portal that offers an interactive platform and provide detailed information with regards to availability of industrial plots or land plot clusters based on location specific attributes in terms of connectivity, rail and road linkages and other physical and social infrastructure available in the vicinity. Conversely, the developed system helps an investor to identify suitable land plots in the vicinity of the utility, sub-utility selected by an investor as per his requirement. It enables prospective investors to identify suitable land in Odisha from the comfort of their offices. A prospective investor can define preferred parameters such as the district, size of land required, facilities available in the vicinity and proximity to existing developed infrastructure etc. based on which the portal identifies and returns information regarding the suitable land parcels available in the State. The outputs are web-hosted in public domain for use by all stakeholders interactively under GOPLUS (Govt. Odisha Portal for Land use and Services) through gis.investodisha.org.
AbstractImproving irrigation infrastructure is important for sustaining food security in developing countries like India. The irrigation potential of a system is estimated at the planning phase using conventional approaches. A mismatch in the irrigation potential planned to be created and the land suitable for cultivation can lead to a gap in the irrigation potential created and utilized, making the scheme unrealistic and uneconomical. This study aims to use geospatial data and geographic information system (GIS) tools to identify land suitable for cultivation when planning an irrigation system. This study was conducted in Telangana State in India, where the projected irrigation potential creation was 5 million ha (Mha). It was observed that the total land suitable for cultivation in the state, considering the soil's topography, and physical and chemical characteristics, is about 6 Mha. Time series of average monthly Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over a 10‐year period was used to identify the critical blocks. The study illustrates how the geospatial data derived from remote sensing and recent GIS tools can aid managers in planning, implementing, and monitoring irrigation projects. The study also demonstrates how long‐term satellite information can be used for regional prioritizationprioritisation for constructing irrigation infrastructure and postconstruction impact assessment. This study was conducted as part of the Young Water Professions (YWP) Training program, which allowed the participants to develop professional competencies and implement their learning in real‐world situations.
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management, specialization in Geographic Information Systems ; The Agenda 2030 challenges the countries to use and produce new spatial data to support the path to Sustainable Development (SD). This requires development and adoption of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), and the production of new relevant spatial data to support implementation, monitoring and reporting the progress on the targets on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The importance of access to spatial data for development and resource management is widely acknowledged worldwide. Unrestricted, reliable and efficient access to accurate, timely, and upto- date spatial data may be achieved through a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). Thus, most developed countries implemented and continue to develop their SDI. The Ecosystem Service (ES) is also crucially for SD and the concept needs to be expressed and communicated effectively to be successfully integrated into decision making. This study assessed the challenges and opportunities on SDI development and analyzed the documents relevant to LUP process and implementation. On the SDI, we identified and characterized through a survey the government institutions producing, sharing, and using spatial data in the country to estimate their potential contribution to the development of the Mozambican SDI. On the integration of ES into LUP, we conducted a review of relevant documents to Mozambique's spatial planning by performing a content analysis based on ES categories. Based on the possible contribution of the institutions producing and using spatial data, we proposed an SDI for Mozambique based on four pillars: i) organizational framework; ii) legal framework; iii) technical framework; and iv) accessibility. The periodical revision of tools and participatory approaches in LUP opens opportunities for integrating ES into LUP processes. This integration could be achieved by establishing a SEA legal framework based on LUP and Environment legal frameworks assisted by a set of common planning tools that consider ES as an additional indicator applied to spatial planning in Mozambique.
As most development planning and rendering of public services happens at a place or in a space, geospatial data is required. This geospatial data is best managed through a spatial data infrastructure, which has as a key objective to share geospatial data. The collection and maintenance of geospatial data is expensive and time consuming and so the principle of "collect once – use many times" should apply. It is best to obtain the geospatial data from the authoritative source – the appointed data custodian. In South Africa the South African Spatial Data Infrastructure (SASDI) is the means to achieve the requirement for geospatial data sharing. This requires geospatial data sharing to take place between the data custodian and the user. All data custodians are expected to comply with the Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (SDI Act) in terms of geo-spatial data sharing. Currently data custodians are experiencing challenges with regard to the sharing of geospatial data. This research is based on the current ten data themes selected by the Committee for Spatial Information and the organisations identified as the data custodians for these ten data themes. The objectives are to determine whether the identified data custodians comply with the SDI Act with respect to geospatial data sharing, and if not what are the reasons for this. Through an international comparative assessment it then determines if the compliance with the SDI Act is not too onerous on the data custodians. The research concludes that there are challenges with geospatial data sharing in South Africa and that the data custodians only partially comply with the SDI Act in terms of geospatial data sharing. However, it is shown that the South African legislation is not too onerous on the data custodians.
As most development planning and rendering of public services happens at a place or in a space, geospatial data is required. This geospatial data is best managed through a spatial data infrastructure, which has as a key objective to share geospatial data. The collection and maintenance of geospatial data is expensive and time consuming and so the principle of "collect once – use many times" should apply. It is best to obtain the geospatial data from the authoritative source – the appointed data custodian. In South Africa the South African Spatial Data Infrastructure (SASDI) is the means to achieve the requirement for geospatial data sharing. This requires geospatial data sharing to take place between the data custodian and the user. All data custodians are expected to comply with the Spatial Data Infrastructure Act (SDI Act) in terms of geo-spatial data sharing. Currently data custodians are experiencing challenges with regard to the sharing of geospatial data. This research is based on the current ten data themes selected by the Committee for Spatial Information and the organisations identified as the data custodians for these ten data themes. The objectives are to determine whether the identified data custodians comply with the SDI Act with respect to geospatial data sharing, and if not what are the reasons for this. Through an international comparative assessment it then determines if the compliance with the SDI Act is not too onerous on the data custodians. The research concludes that there are challenges with geospatial data sharing in South Africa and that the data custodians only partially comply with the SDI Act in terms of geospatial data sharing. However, it is shown that the South African legislation is not too onerous on the data custodians.
The NCSU Libraries is partnering with the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis on a three-year project to collect and preserve at-risk digital geospatial data resources from state and local government agencies. This project is being conducted under a cooperative agreement with the Library of Congress in conjunction with the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. Although the effort will focus solely on North Carolina, it is expected to serve as a demonstration project for other states. Targeted resources include digitized maps, geographic information systems (GIS) data sets, and remote sensing data resources such as digital aerial photography. State and local agencies frequently offer more detailed and up-to-date geospatial data than federal agencies. However, these entities are by definition decentralized, and their dissemination practices focus almost exclusively on providing access to the most current data available, rather than any older versions. The project partners will develop a digital repository architecture for geospatial data through use of open source software tools such as DSpace and emerging metadata standards such as Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS). In addition, the partners will investigate application of emerging Open Geospatial Consortium specifications for data interoperability in the archive development process. Specific technical and organizational challenges will be discussed.
The chapter examines the role of geospatial data in Russia's online ecosystem. Facilitated by the rise of geographic information systems and user-generated content, the distribution of geospatial data has blurred the line between physical spaces and their virtual representations. The chapter discusses different sources of these data available for Digital Russian Studies (e.g., social data and crowdsourced databases) together with the novel techniques for extracting geolocation from various data formats (e.g., textual documents and images). It also scrutinizes different ways of using these data, varying from mapping the spatial distribution of social and political phenomena to investigating the use of geotag data for cultural practices' digitization to exploring the use of geoweb for narrating individual and collective identities online.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a Model-based design facilitates to investigate multiple solutions in the infrastructure planning process. The most important reason for implementing model-based design is to help designers and to increase communication between different design parties. It decentralizes and coordinates team collaboration and facilitates faster and lossless project data exchange and management across extended teams and external partners in project lifecycle. Infrastructure are fundamental facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation, roads, communication systems, water and power networks, as well as power plants. Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) as the digital representation of the world are systems for maintaining, managing, modelling, analyzing, and visualizing of the world data including infrastructure. High level infrastructure suits mostly facilitate to analyze the infrastructure design based on the international or user defined standards. Called regulation1-based design, this minimizes errors, reduces costly design conflicts, increases time savings and provides consistent project quality, yet mostly in standalone solutions. Tasks of infrastructure usually require both model based and regulation based design packages. Infrastructure tasks deal with cross-domain information. However, the corresponding data is split in several domain models. Besides infrastructure projects demand a lot of decision makings on governmental as well as on private level considering different data models. Therefore lossless flow of project data as well as documents like regulations across project team, stakeholders, governmental and private level is highly important. Yet infrastructure projects have largely been absent from product modelling discourses for a long time. Thus, as will be explained in chapter 2 interoperability is needed in infrastructure processes. Multimodel (MM) is one of the interoperability methods which enable heterogeneous data models from various domains get bundled together into a container keeping their original format. Existing interoperability methods including existing MM solutions can't satisfactorily fulfill the typical demands of infrastructure information processes like dynamic data resources and a huge amount of inter model relations. Therefore chapter 3 concept of infrastructure information modelling investigates a method for loose and rule based coupling of exchangeable heterogeneous information spaces. This hypothesis is an extension for the existing MM to a rule-based Multimodel named extended Multimodel (eMM) with semantic rules – instead of static links. The semantic rules will be used to describe relations between data elements of various models dynamically in a link-database. Most of the confusion about geospatial data models arises from their diversity. In some of these data models spatial IDs are the basic identities of entities and in some other data models there are no IDs. That is why in the geospatial data, data structure is more important than data models. There are always spatial indexes that enable accessing to the geodata. The most important unification of data models involved in infrastructure projects is the spatiality. Explained in chapter 4 the method of infrastructure information modelling for interoperation in spatial domains generate interlinks through spatial identity of entities. Match finding through spatial links enables any kind of data models sharing spatial property get interlinked. Through such spatial links each entity receives the spatial information from other data models which is related to the target entity due to sharing equivalent spatial index. This information will be the virtual properties for the object. The thesis uses Nearest Neighborhood algorithm for spatial match finding and performs filtering and refining approaches. For the abstraction of the spatial matching results hierarchical filtering techniques are used for refining the virtual properties. These approaches focus on two main application areas which are product model and Level of Detail (LoD). For the eMM suggested in this thesis a rule based interoperability method between arbitrary data models of spatial domain has been developed. The implementation of this method enables transaction of data in spatial domains run loss less. The system architecture and the implementation which has been applied on the case study of this thesis namely infrastructure and geospatial data models are described in chapter 5. Achieving afore mentioned aims results in reducing the whole project lifecycle costs, increasing reliability of the comprehensive fundamental information, and consequently in independent, cost-effective, aesthetically pleasing, and environmentally sensitive infrastructure design.:ABSTRACT 4 KEYWORDS 7 TABLE OF CONTENT 8 LIST OF FIGURES 9 LIST OF TABLES 11 LIST OF ABBREVIATION 12 INTRODUCTION 13 1.1. A GENERAL VIEW 14 1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 15 1.3. OBJECTIVES 17 1.4. APPROACH 18 1.5. STRUCTURE OF THESIS 18 INTEROPERABILITY IN INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING 20 2.1. STATE OF INTEROPERABILITY 21 2.1.1. Interoperability of GIS and BIM 23 2.1.2. Interoperability of GIS and Infrastructure 25 2.2. MAIN CHALLENGES AND RELATED WORK 27 2.3. INFRASTRUCTURE MODELING IN GEOSPATIAL CONTEXT 29 2.3.1. LamdXML: Infrastructure Data Standards 32 2.3.2. CityGML: Geospatial Data Standards 33 2.3.3. LandXML and CityGML 36 2.4. INTEROPERABILITY AND MULTIMODEL TECHNOLOGY 39 2.5. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING APPROACHES 41 INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION MODELLING 44 3.1. MULTI MODEL FOR GEOSPATIAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE DATA MODELS 45 3.2. LINKING APPROACH, QUERYING AND FILTERING 48 3.2.1. Virtual Properties via Link Model 49 3.3. MULTI MODEL AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY METHOD 52 3.4. USING LEVEL OF DETAIL (LOD) FOR FILTERING 53 SPATIAL MODELLING AND PROCESSING 58 4.1. SPATIAL IDENTIFIERS 59 4.1.1. Spatial Indexes 60 4.1.2. Tree-Based Spatial Indexes 61 4.2. NEAREST NEIGHBORHOOD AS A BASIC LINK METHOD 63 4.3. HIERARCHICAL FILTERING 70 4.4. OTHER FUNCTIONAL LINK METHODS 75 4.5. ADVANCES AND LIMITATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL LINK METHODS 76 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED IIM METHOD 77 5.1. IMPLEMENTATION 78 5.2. CASE STUDY 83 CONCLUSION 89 6.1. SUMMERY 90 6.2. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 92 6.3. FUTURE WORK 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY 94 7.1. BOOKS AND PAPERS 95 7.2. WEBSITES 101
The relevance of the problem of the formation of geoinformation resources and their use for the sustainable development of the country and territorial communities is associated with the implementation of the tasks defined in the regulatory legal acts of Ukraine for the development of the national geospatial data infrastructure (NSDI), the development of comprehensive plans for the spatial development of territories and the creation of a system of urban planning cadastre. In the article, based on the analysis of the experience of creating NIGD in developed countries, the expediency of legislative definition of the hierarchy of levels in the organizational structure of NSDI of Ukraine in accordance with the administrative-territorial structure of the country is substantiated. This will allow for a clearer definition of the powers and responsibilities of central authorities and local self-government bodies for the creation of basic and thematic geospatial datasets on the principles of generalization, integration and their coordinated monitoring based on a general methodology, general technical regulations and an agreed technical policy. In the context of decentralization, it is advisable to develop the basic level of the NSDI of Ukraine on the basis of the systems of the urban planning cadastre of territorial communities, the geoinformation resources of which contain integrated information about the current state and prospects of the development of the territory.The priority for the development of NSDI and the development of modern urban planning documentation for solving the problems of creating information resources of a digital topographic basemap for the territory of the country and territorial communities to ensure the coordinate-spatial consistency of all sets at all levels of the NSDI are substantiated. ; Актуальність проблематики щодо формування геоінформаціних ресурсів та їх використання для сталого розвитку країни і територіальних громад пов'язана із реалізацією завдань, визначених у нормативно-правових актах України щодо розвитку національної інфраструктури геопросторових даних (НІГД), розроблення комплексних планів просторового розвитку територій територіальних громад та створення системи містобудівного кадастру. В статті на основі аналізу досвіду створення НІГД в розвинених країнах обґрунтовано доцільність законодавчого визначення в організаційній структурі НІГД України ієрархію рівнів у відповідності до адміністративно- територіального устрою країни. Це дозволить чіткіше визначити повноваження та відповідальність центральних органів влади і органів місцевого самоврядування за створення наборів базових і тематичних геопросторових даних за принципами генералізації, інтеграції та скоординованого їх моніторингу на основі єдиної методології, загальних технічних регламентів та узгодженої технічної політики. В умовах децентралізації базовий рівень НІГД України доцільно розвивати на основі систем містобудівного кадастру територіальних громад, геоінформаційні ресурси яких містять інтегровані відомості про сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку території. Обґрунтовано першочерговість для розбудови НІГД та розроблення сучасної містобудівної документації вирішення завдань зі створення інформаційних ресурсів цифрової топографічної на територію країни і територіальних громад для забезпечення координатно-просторової узгодженості усіх наборів геопросторових даних на усіх рівнях НІГД.
Business Intelligence (BI) has traditionally been used in organizations as a strategic tool to maximize profit. When coupled with Geographic Information Systems, however, BI can be transformed into a cutting edge decision support system for planning local and regional areas, as we demonstrate in this paper. Local and regional governments often face a major challenge in terms of developing a holistic view upon disjointedly operated utility services in their jurisdictions due to data silos. This limitation has become a serious impediment to infrastructure planning and regional adaptation to changes. Geo-BI provides tools to manage data coming from multiple and disparate sources, and visualize them through online interactive userinterfaces. The SMART Infrastructure Dashboard (SID) is an innovative Geo-BI solution that includes an open-source ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) toolkit to handle various datasets, a spatially-enabled data warehouse hosted in PostgreSQL/PostGIS and proprietary BI software for creating and administering analytical reports and dashboards. SID allows planners and policy makers to analyze the interplay between the use of infrastructure services, demographics and weather parameters across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Furthermore, SID enables planners to run various what-if scenarios related to projected consumption patterns, service vulnerability of utility networks, and transportation demand management. Future research involves enabling the analysis of networks of networks through SID to understand the propagation of cascading failures and benefits in interconnected utility networks.
