Suchergebnisse

Rape is an increasingly serious social problem; the causes of which are poorly understood and preventative measures are, to date, ineffective. This book provides the reader with theory and research on rapists including adolescents, college students and criminals. Chapters discuss biological, psychological and social causes of rape and investigate recently developed clinical methods which provide hope for decreasing and preventing rape.; Whilst the empowerment of victims and potential victims of sexual aggression is critically important, there is no other type of aggressive sexual act in which

L'auteur traite de I'aliénation, de la nature du phénomène, de son origine dans la société et de ses conséquences. L'aliénation, c'est essentiellement la rupture de la communication entre la personne aliénée et autrui. Cette situation résulte de l'anomie (état où les normes sont inopérantes), de l'égoïsme (condition qui sape les rapports intimes dans les rapports interpersonnels) ou de ces dew. causes. Les conséquences diverses de l'aliénation proviennent de tentatives variées pour en tenir compte ou s'y adapter. L'auteur présente six modes d'adaptation à l'aliénation et il discute quelques variables déterminant les types d'adaptation. La liberté est l'une des conséquences éventuelles de l'aliénation et, de fait, l'aliénation semble un prérequis à l'autonomie telle que définie.

The abuse of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) has become one of the most important social problems in modern society. AOD abuse causes untold personal anguish to the abusers and their families, is associated with high levels of crime, and the health consequences include death and disability. Billions are spent on treatment, prevention, and incarceration. The papers in this special issue focus on two key issues in the study of AOD abuse: etiology and treatment. Etiology is a key factor because it is the foundation for prevention and treatment programs. If the etiology of AOD abuse can be unraveled, abuse can be prevented and treatment can be effectively targeted. But, effective treatment also requires an understanding of how treatment works.

Background: Differences in transatlantic perception of psychosis have been reported in the historical psychiatric literature. Aims: This study aims to determine if articles in the American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP) are more likely to attribute biological factors to the etiology of psychosis than those of the British Journal of Psychiatry (BJP). Methods: A systematic MEDLINE search for articles in the AJP and BJP from 2005 to 2007 identified 360 abstracts with psychosis and etiology-related words. Chi-square analyses were used to test differences in the proportion of attributed biological or psychosocial etiology of psychosis in each journal. Results: A greater proportion of abstracts (83/87) in the AJP attributed biological etiology of psychosis (χ2 = 12.33, df = 1, p < 0.001), while a greater proportion in the BJP (16/44 abstracts) attributed psychosocial etiology (χ2 = 19.76, df = 1, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The AJP tends to publish biomedical explanations of psychosis, while the BJP shows a relative preference for psychosocial theories.

It is the purpose of this paper to examine the role of etiological research in the study of drug abuse, the problems in etiological research imposed by the nature of the phenomenon of drug abuse and the dominance of epidemiological studies, and to offer some suggestions for advancing research on the etiology of drug abuse. It is argued that the statistical rarity of drug abuse and the pressure to conduct epidemiological studies have resulted in the application of the methodology that does not meet the needs of etiological research. Suggestions are made that research on the initiation, continuation or cessation of drug abuse must develop a procedure for integrating conceptually and methodologically the variety of substances used simultaneously and sequentially. Further, it is suggested that research must integrate the power of survey methodology and statistical explanation with the understanding of the subject's perception and definition of the initiation and sustaining of use.

The face is particularly vulnerable to injuries as it is an exposed part of the body The usual causes of facial lacerations include fight, fall, assault, road traffic or boat accidents ,gun shots and other frequent traumatic episodes. Lacerations could be associated with other more severe injuries like facial fractures. Untreated or improperly treated facial lacerations result in facial scarring which can have negative psychological impact on the patient.The aim of this study is to determine the etiology and patterns of facial lacerations in Delta State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Abraka, Eku, and Obiaruku in Delta State, Nigeria. The study participants included both females and males who attended the Government hospitals for the treatment of facial lacerations from 2016 to 2020. Ethical clearance was obtained prior to the study. Data obtained was subjected to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22 for the purpose of analysis. This study utilized 247 subjects (126 females and 121 males). Most of the study subjects were within the ages of 23-35 years and were from the Urhobo ethnic group.