Suchergebnisse

Why environmental crime? -- Prosecutorial discretion and charging -- Mens rea in environmental crimes -- Theories of liability for individuals and organizations -- Water pollution -- Air pollution -- Hazardous wastes and substances -- Wildlife offenses -- Conventional criminal statutes.

Traditionally, environmental crimes have been difficult to penalize both in Russia and abroad. Russian environmental legislation is not codified, it is a complex conglomerate of a wide variety of legal acts that are condemned to take into account the classification of environmental crimes and their delimitation of related crimes. Accordingly, the article examines the status, causes and some measures to prevent environmental crimes. The general methodological basis of the research was formed by the basic provisions of the dialectical method of the study of the phenomenon of legal in its text-context relationship. All the evidence can be concluded that the reasons for the production of environmental crimes include the ineffectiveness of the activities of law enforcement agencies, economic determinants and reasons in the field of legal awareness. In addition, the analysis of the statistical table of environmental crimes recorded a clear disproportion between the real situation in the field of ecology and the fight against such crimes. At the same time, the most significant factor that distorts the real image of environmental crimes is there and recursion latency in the concrete.

For decades, politicians have left the responsibility to protect the world's natural resources to environmental organizations and aid agencies. Yet, with environmental crime on the rise and revenue filling the coffers of the world's worst terrorist organizations and transnational criminals, governments are now responding with more resources and energy than at any other time. Novel and innovative approaches, nonetheless, are necessary in the public and private sectors, and new partnerships need to be forged to overcome this threat to conservation, sustainable development, and global security.

This book critically examines both theory and practice around conservation crimes. It engages with the full complexity of environmental crimes and different responses to them, including: poaching, conservation as a response to wildlife crime, forest degradation, environmental activism, and the application of scientific and situational crime prevention techniques as preventative tools to deal with green crime. Through the contributions of experts from both the social and ecological sciences, the book deals with theoretical and practical considerations that impact on the effectiveness of contemporary environmental criminal justice. It discusses the social construction of green crimes and the varied ways in which poaching and other conservation crimes are perceived, operate and are ideologically driven, as well as practical issues in environmental criminal justice. With contributions based in varied ideological perspectives and drawn from a range of academic disciplines, this volume provides a platform for scholars to debate new ideas about environmental law enforcement, policy, and crime prevention, detection and punishment.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to and overview of eco-global criminology. Eco-global criminology refers to a criminological approach that is informed by ecological considerations and by a critical analysis that is global in scale and perspective. Based upon eco-justice conceptions of harm, it focuses on transgressions against environments, non-human species and humans. At the centre of eco-global criminology is analysis of transnational environmental crime. This includes crimes related to pollution (of air, water and land) and crimes against wildlife (including illegal trade in ivory as well as live animals) It also includes those harms that pose threats to the environment more generally (such as global warming) In addressing these issues, the book deals with topics such as the conceptualization of environmental crime or harm, the researching of transnational environmental harm, climate change and social conflict, threats to biodiversity, toxic waste and the transference of harm, prosecution and sentencing of environmental crimes, and environmental victimization and transnational activism. This book argues that analysis of transnational environmental crime needs to incorporate different notions of harm, and that the overarching perspective of eco-global criminology provides the framework for this. Transnational Environmental Crime will be an essential resource for students, academics, policy-makers, environmental managers, police, magistrates and others with a general interest in environmental issues.

What are the social, political and criminal implications of massive deforestation of the Amazon and the growth in environmental crimes?

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- 1: The Geography of Environmental Crime -- References -- Part I: Perspectives on Conservation Crimes -- 2: Poaching, Trade, and Consumption of Tiger Parts in the Bangladesh Sundarbans -- Introduction -- Methods -- Study Area -- Sampling Strategy and Interview Approach -- Results -- Tiger Killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans -- Villagers -- Poachers -- Shikaris -- Pirates -- Trappers -- Local Usage of Tiger Parts -- Trade of Tiger Parts -- Discussion -- Conservation Recommendations -- Conclusion

The concept for this special edition was conceived during the Green Criminology panel at the European Society of Criminology Conference in Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2009. With contributions from Australia, England and the USA and papers that present techniques for identifying emerging threats, methods for preventing and reducing those threats and a framework for raising the prominence of environmental crime, this edition represents a truly international and multidisciplinary contribution to the field. "A New Look at Environmental Crime". Environmental Crime focuses upon crimes and harms against the environment and nonhuman animals and encompasses green criminology, conservation criminology and wildlife crime as well as sustainability and climate change. This special edition represents a new look because these papers consider new methods for identifying threats, new approaches to reducing environmental crime and new ways of presenting the problem. Through horizon scanning to highlighting emerging threats, through the application of situational crime prevention techniques to aid prevention and by framing environmental crime reduction in terms of carbon costs to society, the task appears more achievable, and the priority placed upon these crimes/harms becomes more fundamental. This edition of the journal begins with White and Heckenberg's paper "Environmental Horizon Scanning and Criminological Theory and Practice". The paper sets out a mechanism for identifying threats that may arise and potential strategies to mitigate or adapt to those threats. Using a selection of examples of key issues within ecoglobal criminology, the authors map out methodological principles and practical measures that can be harnessed to carry out horizon scanning. The three stages of horizon scanning (theorising the causal factors, employing multidisciplinary methods and deliberating on potential policy responses) allow researchers to gather ideas and evidence from a variety of different sources and disciplines to identify where harms and risks are emerging and to develop pre-emptive strategies to prevent future harm. White and Heckenberg conclude by offering a series of recommendations to encourage the academic community to invest more Eur J Crim Policy Res (2011) 17:83–85 DOI 10.1007/s10610-011-9144-0