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Introduction -- Diary data collection as a qualitative research method -- Qualitative diary research design -- The analysis and writing a report on qualitative diary research -- Putting it all together: qualitative diary study planning, management, evaluation, and ethics

The LEARN-COVID pilot study collected data on infants and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Assessments took place between April and July 2021. Parents (N = 357) from Switzerland (predominantly), Germany, and Austria answered a baseline questionnaire on their behaviour related to the pandemic, social support, infant nutrition, and infant regulation. Subsequently, parents (n = 222) answered a 10-day evening diary on infant nutrition, infant regulation, parental mood, and parental soothing behaviour. Data and documentation are stored on Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6946048. These data may be valuable to researchers interested in infant development and parenting during the pandemic as well as to researchers interested in daily variability in infant behaviour, parenting, and nutrition.

Though consumption research provides a broad spectrum of theoretical and empirical founded results, studies based on a daily focus are missing. Knowledge about the individual timing of daily demand for goods and services, opens - beyond a genuine contribution to consumption research - interesting societal and macro economic as well as individual personal and firm perspectives: it is important for an efficient timely coordination of supply and demand in the timing perspective as well as for a targeted economic, social and societal policy for a better support of the every day coordination of life. Last not least, the individual daily public and private living situations will be visible, which are of particular importance for the social togetherness in family and society. Our study contributes to the timing of daily consumption for goods and services with an empirical founded microanalysis on the basis of more than 37.000 individual time use diaries of the nationwide Time Budget Survey of the German Federal Statistical Office 2001/02. We describe the individual timing of daily demand for goods and services for important socio-demographic groups like for women and men, the economic situation with income poverty and daily working hour arrangements. The multivariate microeconometric explanation of the daily demand for goods and services is based on a latent utility maximizing approach over a day. We estimate an eight equation Multivariate/Simultaneous Probit Model, which allows the decision for multiple consumption activities in more than one time period a day. The estimates quantify effects on the timing of daily demand by individual socio-economic variables, which encompasses, personal, household, regional characteristics as well as daily working hour arrangements within a flexible labour market. The question about individual effects of an aged society on the timing of daily demand for goods and services is analyzed with our microsimulation model ServSim and a population forecast for 2020 by the German Federal Statistical Office. Main result: There are significant differences in explaining the timing of daily demand for goods compared to services on the one hand and in particular for different daily time periods. The conclusion: without the timing aspects an important and significant dimension for understanding individual consumption behaviour and their impacts on other individual living conditions would be missing. ; Obwohl die Konsumforschung ein breites Spektrum theoretisch und empirisch fundierter Ergebnisse bietet, fehlen doch Studien mit einem Fokus auf die tageszeitliche Lage des Konsums. Das Wissen über die tageszeitliche Lage der individuellen Güter- und Dienstleistungsnachfrage eröffnet - über den genuinen Beitrag zur Konsumforschung hinaus - interessante gesellschaftliche und makroökonomische, sowie auch personenbezogene und Firmenperspektiven: es ist sowohl für eine effiziente zeitliche Koordination von Angebot und Nachfrage als auch für eine an dem Ziel einer besser Zeitkoordination des Alltags orientierte Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Gesellschaftspolitik notwendig. Nicht zuletzt, werden die täglichen individuellen Lebenssituationen öffentlich und privat sichtbar, die von einer besonderen Bedeutung für das soziale Zusammenleben in Familie und Gesellschaft sind. Unsere Studie ist ein Beitrag empirischer Beitrag (basierend auf 37.000 individuellen Zeittagebüchern der Deutschen Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/2002) zur Forschung zur tageszeitlichen Koordinierung der Nachfrage nach Gütern und Serviceleistungen. Wir beschreiben die individuelle tageszeitliche Lage der Nachfrage nach Gütern und Dienstleistungen für wichtige sozio-ökonomische Gruppen, wie für Frauen und Männer, abhängig von der Einkommenssituation und für Gruppen unterschiedlicher Arbeitszeitregelungen. Die multivariate mikroökonometrische Erklärung von der täglichen Nachfrage nach Güten und Dienstleistungen basiert auf einem latenten Nutzenmaximierungsansatz über einen Tag. Wir schätzen ein acht-gleichungs multivariates/simultanes Probit-Modell, das eine Schätzung multipler Konsumaktivitäten, also in mehr als einer Zeitperiode pro Tag, ermöglicht. Die Schätzer quantifizieren den Einfluss individueller sozio-ökonomischer Variablen, die sowohl private, haushaltliche, regionale Eigenschaften, sowie tägliche Arbeitszeitübereinkommen in einem flexiblen Arbeitsmarkt umfassen, auf die Zeitplanung der täglichen Nachfrage. Mithilfe unseres Mikrosimulations-Modells ServSim und einer Bevölkerungs-Prognose für 2020 des Statistischen Bundesamts analysieren wir die Frage nach Effekten einer alternden Gesellschaft auf die Zeitverwendung für die tägliche Nachfrage nach Gütern und Dienstleistungen. Hauptresultat: Es gibt signifikante Unterschiede in der Erklärung der tageszeitlichen Lage der Güter- gegenüber der Dienstleistungsnachfrage und auch in der Erklärung der Nachfrage in unterschiedlichen Zeitabschnitten. Ohne diese zeitlichen Aspekte der Nachfrage würde also eine wichtige und signifikante Dimension für das Verständnis individuellen Konsumverhaltens und dessen Auswirkungen auf andere individuelle Lebensbedingungn fehlen.

AbstractIntroductionEvent‐driven pre‐exposure prophylaxis (edPrEP) with oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) is highly effective for preventing HIV acquisition in men who have sex with men (MSM) and is preferred over daily PrEP by some MSM. However, it is largely unknown how well MSM adhere to edPrEP. We then aimed to assess PrEP protection during CAS among MSM using edPrEP and participating in the Amsterdam PrEP demonstration project (AMPrEP).MethodsWe analysed data from participants enrolled in AMPrEP who were taking edPrEP. We measured adherence through (1) a mobile application in which sexual behaviour and PrEP‐use were recorded daily, (2) three‐monthly self‐completed questionnaires and (3) dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected around six, twelve and twenty‐four months after PrEP initiation. We assessed the proportion of days with condomless anal sex (CAS) acts that were protected by PrEP, per partner type (i.e. steady partners, known casual partners, unknown casual partners), and the proportion of three‐month periods during which PrEP was correctly used. Intracellular TFV‐diphosphate (TFV‐DP) concentrations were determined from DBS. Good adherence was defined as at least one tablet before and one tablet within 48 hours after a CAS act.ResultsBetween 11 September 2015 and 6 October 2019, 182 of 376 MSM (48.4%) used edPrEP for at least one three‐month period. Of the 8224 CAS days that were reported in the app during edPrEP‐use, we observed good protection for most CAS days involving steady partners (n = 1625/2455, 66.9%), known casual partners (n = 3216/3472, 92.6%) and unknown casual partners (n = 2074/2297, 90.3%). Men reported consistently correct PrEP‐use in 851 (81.4%) of the 1046 three‐month periods of edPrEP‐use. The median TFV‐DP concentration was 591 fmol/sample (interquartile range = 270 to 896).ConclusionsAdherence to edPrEP was high as determined from the online app and questionnaire. DBS measurements were consistent with two to three tablets per week on average.

Abstract.  We investigate expenditure behaviour of school‐aged children using child diary information contained in the British Family Expenditure Survey. The estimates from an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) for child expenditure suggest that drinks, sweets, books, and toys are 'normal' goods for children, but clothes, travel, leisure and vice products are 'luxury' items with income elasticities greater than one. Being a lone‐parent child and having a working mother are important factors in determining child expenditure decisions. Importantly, a higher parental budget share on any given commodity is typically associated with an increased child budget share on the same commodity.

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States (conducted 2009 through 2012). Our paper finds important cross-country differences, for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash is strongly correlated with transaction size, demographics, and point-of-sale characteristics, such as merchant card acceptance and venue.