Suchergebnisse

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie
Die Wirksamkeit von Impfkampagnen ist nur gewährleistet, wenn sich eine ausreichende Anzahl von Personen impfen lässt. In Bezug auf die COVID-19-Pandemie ("coronavirus disease 2019") gibt es bereits zahlreiche frühe Studien zur Impfbereitschaft. Es mangelt aber an Studien zum tatsächlichen Impfverhalten. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, retrospektiv das Impfverhalten zu messen und mit Hilfe verschiedener, z. T. wenig untersuchten, Einflussfaktoren zu erklären.

Methodik
Zwischen März bis April 2023 wurde im Rahmen eines anderen Projektes eine Querschnittstudie mittels Online-Fragebogen an 2750 Personen in Deutschland durchgeführt. Die Daten wurden schließlich mit Hilfe einer multiplen logistischen Regression ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es haben 88,5 % der Befragten angegeben, sich mindestens einmal gegen COVID-19 geimpft gelassen zu haben. Die Ergebnisse der multiplen logistischen Regression deuten darauf hin, dass Misstrauen gegenüber der Berichterstattung des Robert Koch-Instituts das Impfverhalten negativ beeinflusst, während Misstrauen gegenüber sozialen Medien dieses erhöht. Personen, die potenziell die AfD (Alternative für Deutschland) wählen würden, weisen die geringste Impfquote unter allen Wahlpräferenzen auf. Die Zugehörigkeit zu einer COVID-19-Risikogruppe ist positiv mit dem Impfverhalten assoziiert. Eine geringe subjektive Risikoeinschätzung in Bezug auf COVID-19 weist eine negative Assoziation auf. Schließlich zeigt sich, dass die Anzahl der geimpften Personen im sozialen Netzwerk, das individuelle Impfverhalten positiv beeinflusst.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Vertrauen in Informationsquellen und die Risikoeinschätzung bezüglich COVID-19. Neue Erkenntnisse zu sozialen Netzwerken und der AfD-Affinität legen den Grundstein für weitere Untersuchungen.

Introduction: Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing. Given that a vaccine will eventually be produced, information will be needed to support a potential campaign to promote vaccination. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the variables affecting the likelihood of refusal and indecision toward a vaccine against COVID-19 and to determine the acceptance of the vaccine for different scenarios of effectiveness and side effects. Materials and Methods: A multinomial logistic regression method based on the Health Belief Model was used to estimate the current methodology, using data obtained by an online anonymous survey of 370 respondents in Chile. Results: The results indicate that 49% of respondents were willing to be vaccinated, with 28% undecided or 77% of individuals who would potentially be willing to be inoculated. The main variables that explained the probability of rejection or indecision were associated with the severity of COVID-19, such as, the side effects and effectiveness of the vaccine; perceived benefits, including immunity, decreased fear of contagion, and the protection of oneself and the environment; action signals, such as, responses from ones' family and the government, available information, and specialists' recommendations; and susceptibility, including the contagion rate per 1,000 inhabitants and relatives with COVID-19, among others. Our analysis of hypothetical vaccine scenarios revealed that individuals preferred less risky vaccines in terms of fewer side effects, rather than effectiveness. Additionally, the variables that explained the indecision toward or rejection of a potential COVID-19 vaccine could be used in designing public health policies. Conclusions: We discovered that it is necessary to formulate specific, differentiated vaccination-promotion strategies for the anti-vaccine and ...

Thailand was hit by the second wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a densely migrant-populated province (Samut Sakhon). COVID-19 vaccines were known to be effective; however, the supply was limited. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the effectiveness of Thailand's COVID-19 vaccination strategy. We obtained most of the data from the Ministry of Public Health. Deterministic system dynamics and compartmental models were utilized. The reproduction number (R) between Thais and migrants was estimated at 1.25 and 2.5, respectively. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent infection was assumed at 50%. In Samut Sakhon, there were 500,000 resident Thais and 360,000 resident migrants. The contribution of migrants to the province's gross domestic product was estimated at 20%. Different policy scenarios were analyzed. The migrant-centric vaccination policy scenario received the lowest incremental cost per one case or one death averted compared with the other scenarios. The Thai-centric policy scenario yielded an incremental cost of 27,191 Baht per one life saved, while the migrant-centric policy scenario produced a comparable incremental cost of 3782 Baht. Sensitivity analysis also demonstrated that the migrant-centric scenario presented the most cost-effective outcome even when VE diminished to 20%. A migrant-centric policy yielded the smallest volume of cumulative infections and deaths and was the most cost-effective scenario, independent of R and VE values. Further studies should address political feasibility and social acceptability of migrant vaccine prioritization.

Introduction:
Health-care worker desire to receive coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination can affect public perception and adoption of vaccination. The present study surveyed the health beliefs of health-care staff regarding COVID-19 vaccination.


Methods:
In this cross-sectional online survey conducted in Iran between May and June 2021, 537 health-care staff (73.8% females) participated. Health-care staff were assessed on the following constructs: health locus of control, trust in the health-care system, subjective norms, fear of COVID-19, attitude and feelings toward vaccination, physical distancing, intention to engage in preventative behaviors, and perceived behavioral control. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the influence of demographic, clinical factors, fear of COVID-19, and health beliefs, in predicting openness toward vaccination.


Results:
About 67.5% of subjects received COVID-19 vaccination (first or second dose), with 57.2% reporting feeling confident in getting vaccinated and 32% expressing hesitancy in getting vaccinated. Trust in the health-care system, fear of COVID-19, and positive attitude toward vaccination were significantly higher in vaccinated participants than unvaccinated ones, P < 0.05.


Conclusion:
Being vaccinated and openness toward vaccination are influenced by health-care professionals' demographic and clinical characteristics, and health perceptions (i.e., fear of COVID-19). Whereas being overwhelmed with fear of COVID-19 is unadvisable, realistic concern balanced with appropriate action (e.g., vaccination) may be reasonable.

Three studies were conducted to explore the psychological determinants of COVID-deterrent behaviors. In Study 1, using data collected and analyzed both before and after the release of COVID-19 vaccines, mask-wearing, other preventative behaviors like social distancing, and vaccination intentions were positively related to assessments of the Coronavirus Behavioral Health Mindset (CVBHM); belief in the credibility of science; progressive political orientation; less use of repressive and more use of sensitization coping; and the attribution of COVID-19 safety to effort rather than ability, powerful forces, fate, or luck. In Study 2, favorable COVID-19 vaccination intentions were related to greater willingness to work, lower emotional distress, and greater customer experience mindset. Study 3 examined the personality and motives of individuals who volunteered to help deliver COVID-19 inoculations to the local community. The vaccine-giving volunteers, especially those with prosocial motives, had high CVBHM scores, belief in the credibility of science, low use of repressive coping, greater attribution of COVID-19 protection to effort, low likelihood of voting conservative, were older, and had more education than others. The majority of public health volunteers expressed prosocial motives to help people or join a cause (60.7%), but many (39.3%) expressed the personal motives of getting the COVID-19 vaccination for themselves, conveying a public image of compassion, or structuring time. Based on the three research studies, a COVID-19 Mindset Hierarchy model is proposed to integrate the results.

In this case study, the author explores how public concern about vaccinations has affected vaccination development & use throughout history. The author shows how perceptions about vaccinations are inaccurate, & identifies how these distortions are shaped. Figures, References. D. Miller

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction: Broadening Your Perspective on Crisis Leadership -- Sect. 1: Leading Your Business -- Ch. 1: Four Behaviors That Help Leaders Manage a Crisis -- Ch. 2: What Are Companies' Legal Obligations Around Coronavirus? -- Ch. 3: Real Leaders Are Forged in Crisis -- Sect. 2: Managing Your Workforce -- Ch. 4: Fifteen Questions About Remote Work, Answered -- Ch. 5: How to Manage Coronavirus Layoffs with Compassion -- Ch. 6: Your Employee Tested Positive for Covid-19. What Do You Do? -- Ch. 7: How Can't-Close Retailers Are Keeping Workers Safe -- Sect. 3: Managing Yourself -- Ch. 8: How to Manage Your Stress When the Sky Is Falling -- Ch. 9: Three Tips to Avoid Working-from-Home Burnout -- Ch. 10: That Discomfort You're Feeling Is Grief -- Sect. 4: Seeing Beyond the Crisis -- Ch. 11: Ensure That Your Customer Relationships Outlast Coronavirus -- Ch. 12: Understanding the Economic Shock of Coronavirus -- Ch. 13: What Will U.S. Labor Protections Look Like After Coronavirus? -- Ch. 14: We Need Imagination Now More Than Ever -- About the Contributors -- Index.

Low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are still deprived of the optimum doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines for their population, equal access and distribution, as well as mass immunization roadmaps to be implemented for achieving herd immunity and protection from the ongoing pandemic. In this short report, we are interacting with the world public health experts, as well as national and global leaders for warranting the mass vaccination drive to be more progressive against COVID-19 with equitable access of vaccines to LICs or LMICs to save the lives of the poorest country people and refugees. From several scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, as well as national and international news websites, the data were collected data by utilizing appropriate keywords regarding the topic. Bangladesh might be exemplified in this brief communication as the representative of LMIC. As of October 14, 2021, 48% of the world's people have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. In contrast, only 2.5% of people from LICs have come in under COVID-19 vaccination for at least a single shot. Both LICs and LMICs need far more vision and ambition, including political, administrative, and diplomatic progress along with enhancing the vaccination drive for their population to be immunized through simultaneous mass vaccination progress of other countries with implementing public health safety measures against the COVID-19 pandemic.

The vaccination rate is on the decline as parents avoid making frequent visits to healthcare facilities to visit doctors. The high cost of healthcare access in Germany, the United States, and other parts of the world has resulted in many people remaining under vaccinated or unvaccinated. The rate of pandemic outbreaks in Europe has highlighted the significance of improved communication and education about the safety and the efficacy of vaccinations alongside effective strategies of reducing the rate of disease transmission1 . Pandemics have unprecedented impacts on the families' health and pressure on healthcare systems in Europe. During pandemics, there is widespread fear in families concerning how the pandemics will affect families and communities more especially to the compromised people in society, such as pregnant women and people with chronic illnesses. Although pharmaceutical practices are under intensive scrutiny, pharmacies' vaccinations comprise an important element in the healthcare system for pandemic diseases.

On oublie un peu trop, aujourd'hui que la vaccination antityphique a obtenu droit de cité en Europe, et il semble, à lire certains travaux récents, qu'on vient de l'y découvrir, tandis que cette mesure prophylactique est adoptée depuis plus de deux ans dans les colonies anglaises et aux Etats-Unis, où près de deux cent mille inoculations ont déjè été pratiquée avec un succès complet. Aux Etats-Unis, la vacination antityphique est devenue même, depuis plus d'une année. obligatoire pour les armées de terre et de mer expédiées dans des localités suspectes.

Abstract
Vaccination provides indirect benefits to the unvaccinated. Despite its important policy implications, there is little analytical or empirical work to quantify this externality, nor is it incorporated in a number of cost-benefit studies of vaccine programs. We use a standard epidemiological model to analyze how the magnitude of this externality varies with the number of vaccinations, vaccine efficacy, and disease infectiousness. We also provide empirical estimates using parameters for influenza and mumps epidemics. The pattern of the externality is complex and striking, unlike that suggested in standard treatments. The size of the externality is not necessarily monotonic in the number vaccinated, vaccine efficacy, nor disease infectiousness. Moreover, its magnitude can be remarkably large. In particular, the marginal externality of a vaccination can be greater than one case of illness prevented among the nonvaccinated, so its omission from policy analyses implies serious biases.

Lors de l'étude coût-bénéfice de la lutte anti-aphteuse conduite par la Communauté Européenne, il apparut que le terme vaccination couvrait deux sens : la "vaccination assurance" et la "vaccination éradication". Une seule maladie a été éradiquée à l'échelle mondiale, la variole et ce, grâce à la vaccination. Aussi importe-t-il de définir les divers aspects d'une politique d'éradication par vaccination, avant de cerner dans un exposé ultérieur les caractéristiques du vaccin-éradication idéal et de ses applications. ; In the cost-benefit study of FMD vaccination in the E C. countries, it seems that the word "vaccination" was covering both senses of "insurance by vaccination" and "eradication by vaccination". Only one disease was eradicated worldwide : smallpox in humans, and this result was achieved thanks to huge vaccination campaigns. It appeared important to us, to give definitions of the differenct aspect of an eradication policy using vaccination, before presenting later the characteristics and application of the ideal vaccine for the "eradication concept".