Suchergebnisse

A rising epidemic among Americans threatens to disrupt the new US administration's promise of affordable health insurance for all. The epidemic consists of a dramatic and ongoing increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AD) across the populations of nearly all Western countries, diagnosed under approximately 100 different disease labels, and currently estimated to affl ict up to 50 million Americans. One potential reason for the epidemic appears to be autoimmune reactions in people to immune 'triggers' in foods, a prime example of which may be the newly described GMO foods' antigenic glyphosate-induced misfolded proteins. An analysis was undertaken, using a case study approach, to compare the relative cost/benefi t ratios of treating the oncoming AD epidemic among Americans using the standard medicine (SM) pharmaceutical immunosuppression drug treatment model as compared to treating AD using a functional medicine (FM) approach of probiotics, lifestyle modifi cation and improved diet choices along with governmental regulations to reduce consumption of trigger foods. We conclude that, for the American people over the next 10 years, applying only SM could cost up to $2 trillion more than a potentially equally or more effective diagnosis and treatment program emphasizing FM and government action to reduce trigger food consumption and avoid confounding infl uences from industry. While these two models are not mutually exclusive, our analysis suggests that the US government has a series of diffi cult choices ahead which will impact both its population's health and the affordability of their health insurance over the next decade and beyond.

Genetic and family studies have indicated that Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis have a heritable component which appears to be shared to some extend also with some other autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In the present nation-wide study we describe familial risk for Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis identified from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register (years 1964 through 2012) and the Outpatient Register (2001 through 2012). Family relationships were obtained from the Multigeneration Register and cancers from the Cancer Registry. Familial standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for 29,005 offspring with Graves disease and for 25,607 offspring with Hashimoto thyroiditis depending on any of 43 AIDs in parents or siblings. The concordant familial risks for Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis were 3.85 and 4.75, higher for men than for women. The familial risks were very high (11.35, Graves and 22.06, Hashimoto) when both a parent and a sibling were affected. Spousal familial risks were higher for Hashimoto thyroiditis (1.98/1.93) than for Graves disease (1.48/1.50). For Graves disease, 24 discordant AIDs showed a significant association; for Hashimoto thyroiditis, 20 discordant associations were significant. All significant discordant associations were positive for the two thyroid AIDs, with the exception of Hashimoto thyroiditis with Reiter disease. Overall 8 associations were significant only for Graves disease and 6 Hashimoto thyroiditis. The overall high concordant familial risks for Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis suggest a strong genetic contribution to the familial risk. Significant familial associations among more than half of the 43 AIDs attest to the extensive polyautoimmunity among thyroid AIDs. ; The study was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant No 856620.

Abstract
Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism underlies neurodegenerative disease and is increasingly implicated in neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 (CYP7B1) is a key enzyme in alternative cholesterol metabolism. A recessive mutation in the gene CYP7B1 is known to cause a neurodegenerative disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5 and oxysterol accumulation. However, the role of CYP7B1 in neuroinflammation has been little revealed. In this study, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a murine model of MS, using CYP7B1 homozygous knockout (KO) mice. We found that CYP7B1 deficiency can significantly attenuate EAE severity. CYP7B1 deficiency is sufficient to reduce leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, suppress proliferation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells, and decrease myeloid cell activation during EAE. Additionally, live-animal imaging targeting translocator protein expression, an outer mitochondrial membrane protein biomarker of neuroinflammation, showed that CYP7B1 deficiency results in suppressed neuroinflammation. Using human monocyte-derived microglia-like cellular disease model and primary microglia of CYP7B1 KO mice, we also found that activation of microglia of CYP7B1 deficiency was impaired. These cumulative results suggest that CYP7B1 can regulate neuroinflammation, thus providing potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.

The work described has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No. 115565, the resources for which are composed of a financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) companies'in-kind contribution. We thank all the members of PRECISESADS Consortium and INSERM U1227 for their effort in the sample recruitment, distribution and assessment of the samples used in this study. We are grateful to Dr Wesley H Brooks (Tampa, USA) for editorial assistance and to Valerie Le Troadec for secretarial assistance. ; High amount of polyclonal free light chains (FLC) are reported in systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) and we took advantage of the PRECISESADS study to better characterize them. Serum FLC levels were explored in 1979 patients with SAD (RA, SLE, SjS, Scl, APS, UCTD, MCTD) and 614 healthy controls. Information regarding clinical parameters, disease activity, medications, autoantibodies (Ab) and the interferon α and/or γ scores were recorded. Among SAD patients, 28.4% had raised total FLC (from 12% in RA to 30% in SLE and APS) with a normal kappa/ lambda ratio. Total FLC levels were significantly higher in SAD with inflammation, active disease in SLE and SjS, and an impaired pulmonary functional capacity in SSc, while independent from kidney impairment, infection, cancer and treatment. Total FLC concentrations were positively correlated among the 10/17 (58.8%) autoantibodies (Ab) tested with anti-RNA binding protein Ab (SSB, SSA-52/60 kDa, Sm, U1-RNP), anti-dsDNA/nucleosome Ab, rheumatoid factor and negatively correlated with complement fractions C3/C4. Finally, examination of interferon (IFN) expression as a potential driver of FLC overexpression was tested showing an elevated level of total FLC among patients with a high IFNα and IFNγ Kirou's score, a strong IFN modular score, and the detection in the sera of B-cell IFN dependent factors, such as TNF-R1/TNFRSF1A and CXCL10/IP10. In conclusion, an elevated level of FLC, in association with a strong IFN signature, defines a subgroup of SAD patients, including those without renal affectation, characterized by increased disease activity, autoreactivity, and complement reduction. ; Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking 115565 ; European Commission FP7/2007-2013 ; European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; European Commission U1227

A rising epidemic among Americans threatens to disrupt the new US administration's promise of affordable health insurance for all. The epidemic consists of a dramatic and ongoing increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AD) across the populations of nearly all Western countries, diagnosed under approximately 100 different disease labels, and currently estimated to affl ict up to 50 million Americans. One potential reason for the epidemic appears to be autoimmune reactions in people to immune 'triggers' in foods, a prime example of which may be the newly described GMO foods' antigenic glyphosate-induced misfolded proteins. An analysis was undertaken, using a case study approach, to compare the relative cost/benefi t ratios of treating the oncoming AD epidemic among Americans using the standard medicine (SM) pharmaceutical immunosuppression drug treatment model as compared to treating AD using a functional medicine (FM) approach of probiotics, lifestyle modifi cation and improved diet choices along with governmental regulations to reduce consumption of trigger foods. We conclude that, for the American people over the next 10 years, applying only SM could cost up to $2 trillion more than a potentially equally or more effective diagnosis and treatment program emphasizing FM and government action to reduce trigger food consumption and avoid confounding infl uences from industry. While these two models are not mutually exclusive, our analysis suggests that the US government has a series of diffi cult choices ahead which will impact both its population's health and the affordability of their health insurance over the next decade and beyond.

Trace elements produce double-edged effects on the lives of animals and particularly of humans. On one hand, these elements represent potentially toxic agents; on the other hand, they are essentially needed to support growth and development and confer protection against disease. Certain trace elements and metals are particularly involved in humoral and cellular immune responses, playing the roles of cofactors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules. The amount taken up and the accumulation in human tissues decisively control whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to re-consider, harmonize and update current legislative regulations regarding the concentrations of trace elements in food and in drinking water. This review aims to provide information on the interrelation of certain trace elements with risk of autoimmune disease, with a particular focus on type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. In addition, an overview of the current regulations and regulatory gaps is provided in order to highlight the importance of this issue for everyday nutrition and human health.

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) impose substantial health and financial burdens in the United States and in many parts of the world. Women are disproportionately affected by many of these disorders, which often contribute to lifelong disabilities. While the number of patients with some ADs appears to be rising, the complexities of conducting epidemiological studies prevent a thorough understanding of the prevalence and incidence of these various conditions. Research on environmental influences of these illnesses is limited, although they are generally hypothesized to result from the interaction of environmental agents in genetically susceptible individuals. Further, there is little known regarding the role of sex and gender in the environmentally influenced mechanisms leading to the development of AD. To address these issues, particularly the roles of environment and sex and gender in ADs and the factors that contribute to the rise in ADs, the Society for Women's Health Research convened an interdisciplinary roundtable of experts from academia, medicine, and government agencies to share their expertise, address knowledge gaps in research, and propose future research recommendations.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has gained more and more attention in the last years given the increased mortality and morbidity rate and in particular pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with autoimmune diseases (a specific subgroup of PH), entities with an increasing incidence and prevalence globally. Among these, systemic sclerosis is of particular interest, being the most common among connective tissue diseases (CTDs) with PH as a major complication. Other CTDs such as mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjogren's syndrome, and dermatomyositis may also develop PH as a complication of these severe and complex conditions, which can have a major impact on prognosis and quality of life. PH has also been reported in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis but further studies are necessary. Several studies have shown that the 3-year survival rate for patients with systemic sclerosis-associated with pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH) is between 31% and 52%, while the 5-year survival rate is below <50%. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis as well as subsequent management of PH in these conditions is mandatory, since survival remains suboptimal despite treatment advances. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of different autoimmune diseases associated with PH and to provide an easy reference source on current best practices.

Abstract—Prevalence of Autoimmune diseases (AD) are high in developed countries and low in developing countries. Wall of worm were associated with lower level of allergy and support the hygiene hypothesis (HyHy). Long term use of Interferon as drug for AD and synthetic vaccine made by epitope mapping are global economic burden. Adolescence from developed countries traveling to Ghana forwarding AD-HyHy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for fighting AD have been developed in hygiene countries such as UK, Japan and Korea, meanwhile the aims of this study are reveal an added value to Sade village 'FMT culture' and Bau Nyale/Mandalika Princess festival for Nature Vaccination on AD. These local nature vaccination needs to be known by policy maker and political doer and could be a translational-medicine education topic to lessen AD economic global burden. Method: Systematic-review and Bayesian network analysis. EBSCO host search engine were used. Result: Description of 9 Publications of meta-analysis are chosen. Conclusions: The increasing of immunity in developing countries and decreasing in clean habit educated family is based on hygiene hypothesis, could be answered by local life-style and festival. These added value for local tour package has been supported by affimers and aptamers contemporary technology based on bacteria and worm epitope mapping.

The immune system is supposed to protect one's body from harmful germs, but sometimes it may attack a healthy part of the body itself—this is called an 'autoimmune disease'. Although the founders of the United Nations (UN) equipped it with such immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes, it seems that its jurisdictional immunity is sometimes more detrimental to its proper functioning than protective of it, especially in the context of peacekeeping. The present study aims to discover a cure for this autoimmune disease. Immunities are, in general, under attack because they serve as insurmountable hurdles to holding those who exercise public authority accountable before domestic courts. Peacekeepers may harm the local population, but the UN's immunity leads to the denial of justice in cases of third-party claims, which put pressure on the UN. However, neither deprivation nor circumvention of the UN's jurisdictional immunity is a safe and holistic cure for this autoimmune disease. What we need to ensure is that the immune system functions as designed.

Hilary K Brown,1– 5 Andrew Wilton,5 Ning Liu,5 Joel G Ray,5,6 Cindy-Lee Dennis,6,7 Simone N Vigod3– 5 1Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 4Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; 5ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; 6Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; 7Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Hilary K BrownDepartment of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, CanadaTel +1 416 208 2239Email hk.brown@utoronto.caBackground: Studies have demonstrated elevated risk for autoimmune disease associated with perinatal mental illness, but the extent to which this risk is specific to mental illness arising perinatally, and not mental illness generally, is unknown. Our objective was to compare the risk of autoimmune disease in women with mental illness arising within the perinatal period to (1) women with mental illness arising outside the perinatal period and (2) women who did not develop mental illness.Methods: We conducted a population-based matched cohort study of women aged 15– 49 years with no history of mental illness or autoimmune disease in Ontario, Canada, 1998– 2018. The exposed, 60,701 women with mental illness arising between conception and 365 days postpartum were propensity score-matched to (1) 264,864 women with mental illness arising non-perinatally and (2) 469,164 women who did not develop mental illness. Hazard ratios (HR) for autoimmune disease were generated using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: The incidence of autoimmune disease was similar among women with mental illness arising perinatally compared to those with mental illness arising non-perinatally (138.4 vs 140.7 per 100,000 person-years; HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.92– 1.05), and elevated among women with mental illness arising perinatally compared to those who did not develop mental illness (138.4 vs 88.9 per 100,000 person-years; HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.44– 1.64). The HR for the latter comparison was more pronounced for autoimmune disease with brain-reactive antibodies than other autoimmune disease.Conclusion: Perinatal mental illness is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disease that is no different than that of mental illness arising non-perinatally. Women with mental illness, regardless of the timing of onset, could benefit from early detection of autoimmune disease.Keywords: autoimmune diseases, cohort studies, mental disorders, women's health