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International audience ; More than 30 years after the 1988 Declaration of Belém, which we can consider an important outcome of socio‐environmental movements, this reflexive paper proposes new ways of approaching indigenous local knowledge (ILK) related to the living environment and understanding its relevance in times of global socio‐environmental crisis. Drawing upon the example of an ethnodevelopment project based on guarana production by indigenous Sateré‐Mawé people in the Brazilian Amazon, two important issues are addressed. First, we reflect on how a traditional management system can contribute to both biological and cultural conservation, even when that system is inserted in new global markets and spoken about through a scientific perspective. Second, we address the challenge of incorporating ILK into conservation research by formulating a set of methodological proposals. We show that ILK is a dynamic, adaptive and political product of local–global interactions. This leads us to defend an analysis of ILK that would focus on its processes of creation rather than on the body of knowledge that results from them, thus helping to account for ILK's vitality and the various forms of its legitimation. At the crossroads of ethnobiology, science and technology studies, and social anthropology, these research methods seek to go beyond the inventory, categorization and structural analysis of thoughts and practices to instead privilege an analysis of the interactions between local populations and resources; at the same time, they operate across different scales and integrate actors from the beginning to the end of (sometimes long) value chains. Such an approach aims to make visible the modes of knowledge translation and hybridization that indigenous people might implement to maintain control over their collective identities and their relationship with a changing environment.

International audience ; More than 30 years after the 1988 Declaration of Belém, which we can consider an important outcome of socio‐environmental movements, this reflexive paper proposes new ways of approaching indigenous local knowledge (ILK) related to the living environment and understanding its relevance in times of global socio‐environmental crisis. Drawing upon the example of an ethnodevelopment project based on guarana production by indigenous Sateré‐Mawé people in the Brazilian Amazon, two important issues are addressed. First, we reflect on how a traditional management system can contribute to both biological and cultural conservation, even when that system is inserted in new global markets and spoken about through a scientific perspective. Second, we address the challenge of incorporating ILK into conservation research by formulating a set of methodological proposals. We show that ILK is a dynamic, adaptive and political product of local–global interactions. This leads us to defend an analysis of ILK that would focus on its processes of creation rather than on the body of knowledge that results from them, thus helping to account for ILK's vitality and the various forms of its legitimation. At the crossroads of ethnobiology, science and technology studies, and social anthropology, these research methods seek to go beyond the inventory, categorization and structural analysis of thoughts and practices to instead privilege an analysis of the interactions between local populations and resources; at the same time, they operate across different scales and integrate actors from the beginning to the end of (sometimes long) value chains. Such an approach aims to make visible the modes of knowledge translation and hybridization that indigenous people might implement to maintain control over their collective identities and their relationship with a changing environment.

International audience ; More than 30 years after the 1988 Declaration of Belém, which we can consider an important outcome of socio‐environmental movements, this reflexive paper proposes new ways of approaching indigenous local knowledge (ILK) related to the living environment and understanding its relevance in times of global socio‐environmental crisis. Drawing upon the example of an ethnodevelopment project based on guarana production by indigenous Sateré‐Mawé people in the Brazilian Amazon, two important issues are addressed. First, we reflect on how a traditional management system can contribute to both biological and cultural conservation, even when that system is inserted in new global markets and spoken about through a scientific perspective. Second, we address the challenge of incorporating ILK into conservation research by formulating a set of methodological proposals. We show that ILK is a dynamic, adaptive and political product of local–global interactions. This leads us to defend an analysis of ILK that would focus on its processes of creation rather than on the body of knowledge that results from them, thus helping to account for ILK's vitality and the various forms of its legitimation. At the crossroads of ethnobiology, science and technology studies, and social anthropology, these research methods seek to go beyond the inventory, categorization and structural analysis of thoughts and practices to instead privilege an analysis of the interactions between local populations and resources; at the same time, they operate across different scales and integrate actors from the beginning to the end of (sometimes long) value chains. Such an approach aims to make visible the modes of knowledge translation and hybridization that indigenous people might implement to maintain control over their collective identities and their relationship with a changing environment.

Brazil may appear to be a good student regarding food security and governance. Indeed, it implemented a national policy for food and nutrition security (FNSP) which is simultaneously unsectoralised, participatory and decentralised. The advocated model is the result of a significant contribution from social movements whose proposals have nurtured public policies during the last decade and have replaced the global food security framework with that of food sovereignty. This article aims to analyse the social changes that have accompanied the promotion of food sovereignty, which stands as a legacy to the history of the fight against hunger in Brazil. Since the end of the dictatorship, actions towards food sovereignty have been carried out in an unstable context of two development benchmarks within the State itself. The institutional commitment associated with it is epitomised under Lula by the arrival of managers close to social movements in a State still partly in the hands of traditional rural elites. In fact, two agrifood systems clashed and entered into open conflict after the destitution of Dilma Rousself. On the one hand, agribusiness, whose political aim is that of ecological modernization, drove a techno-environmental system. On the other hand, the world of NGOs, social movements and representatives of the left-wing government were united under the banner of a socio-ecological system: agroecology. Both social movements and agribusiness, amidst an unceasing struggle for power, attempted to build a certain level of unity in order to strengthen their networks of influence and increase their penetration within society. The end of institutionalised duality begs the question of the ability of these two models to coexist or even possibly evolve to become a hybrid of the two.Keywords: food security; agroecology; agrobusiness; agricultural models; social movements.PINTON, Florence; YANNICK, Sencébé. Soberania versus segurança alimentar no Brasil: tensões e oposições em torno da agroecologia como projeto. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 1, p. 24-46, fev. 2019.Submitted in september 2018.Accepted in december 2018.

Cet article propose de rendre compte de l'évolution des politiques de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Brésil - un processus intimement lié à la redémocratisation du pays - et de leur globalisation comme l'a montré la 5ème conférence nationale qui s'est tenue à Brasilia en 2015. Cette dernière rencontre marque un moment particulier dans l'histoire de la conquête des droits et de la démocratie - le temps d'une gauche encore au pourvoir qui mobilise ses forces et réaffirme les priorités d'un Brésil sans misère. Elle est le lieu de convergence de tous ceux qui constituent la "société vulnérable" brésilienne et militent pour plus de justice foncière. Elle révèle aussi en creux les lignes de fracture qui travaillent le Brésil depuis plusieurs années et que l'actualité politique a fait éclater au grand jour.

Cet article propose de rendre compte de l'évolution des politiques de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Brésil - un processus intimement lié à la redémocratisation du pays - et de leur globalisation comme l'a montré la 5ème conférence nationale qui s'est tenue à Brasilia en 2015. Cette dernière rencontre marque un moment particulier dans l'histoire de la conquête des droits et de la démocratie - le temps d'une gauche encore au pourvoir qui mobilise ses forces et réaffirme les priorités d'un Brésil sans misère. Elle est le lieu de convergence de tous ceux qui constituent la "société vulnérable" brésilienne et militent pour plus de justice foncière. Elle révèle aussi en creux les lignes de fracture qui travaillent le Brésil depuis plusieurs années et que l'actualité politique a fait éclater au grand jour.

Cet article propose de rendre compte de l'évolution des politiques de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Brésil - un processus intimement lié à la redémocratisation du pays - et de leur globalisation comme l'a montré la 5ème conférence nationale qui s'est tenue à Brasilia en 2015. Cette dernière rencontre marque un moment particulier dans l'histoire de la conquête des droits et de la démocratie - le temps d'une gauche encore au pourvoir qui mobilise ses forces et réaffirme les priorités d'un Brésil sans misère. Elle est le lieu de convergence de tous ceux qui constituent la "société vulnérable" brésilienne et militent pour plus de justice foncière. Elle révèle aussi en creux les lignes de fracture qui travaillent le Brésil depuis plusieurs années et que l'actualité politique a fait éclater au grand jour.

Cet article propose de rendre compte de l'évolution des politiques de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Brésil - un processus intimement lié à la redémocratisation du pays - et de leur globalisation comme l'a montré la 5ème conférence nationale qui s'est tenue à Brasilia en 2015. Cette dernière rencontre marque un moment particulier dans l'histoire de la conquête des droits et de la démocratie - le temps d'une gauche encore au pourvoir qui mobilise ses forces et réaffirme les priorités d'un Brésil sans misère. Elle est le lieu de convergence de tous ceux qui constituent la "société vulnérable" brésilienne et militent pour plus de justice foncière. Elle révèle aussi en creux les lignes de fracture qui travaillent le Brésil depuis plusieurs années et que l'actualité politique a fait éclater au grand jour.

Cet article propose de rendre compte de l'évolution des politiques de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Brésil - un processus intimement lié à la redémocratisation du pays - et de leur globalisation comme l'a montré la 5ème conférence nationale qui s'est tenue à Brasilia en 2015. Cette dernière rencontre marque un moment particulier dans l'histoire de la conquête des droits et de la démocratie - le temps d'une gauche encore au pourvoir qui mobilise ses forces et réaffirme les priorités d'un Brésil sans misère. Elle est le lieu de convergence de tous ceux qui constituent la "société vulnérable" brésilienne et militent pour plus de justice foncière. Elle révèle aussi en creux les lignes de fracture qui travaillent le Brésil depuis plusieurs années et que l'actualité politique a fait éclater au grand jour.

revue en ligne ; What is at stake in this paper is an understanding of how the Cerrado, a previously unknown territory, then dedicated to intensive farming, was promoted at the beginning of the 2000s as a biome and an issue for environmental concerns. Its projection on the international stage during the Conference of Copenhagen on Climate Change in 2009 thereafter contributed to turn this vaguely delimited territory into an international issue for climate change and struggle against deforestation, with the affirmation of two opposite trends: an agribusiness converted to green technologies and the implementation of areas of socio-biodiversity. The construction of the biome is analysed by putting into perspective the Amazon. The authors consider that the two regions are inextricably united in their destiny. Specific geopolitical and scientific contexts and insertion in different stages in the history of sustainable development may explain the contrasting views of these areas. At the time of its qualification as a remarkable biome, the Cerrado is already endowed with the comprehensive kit of scientific, economical and legal tools, demonstrating the evolution of representation on biodiversity. ; L'enjeu de cet article est de comprendre comment le Cerrado, espace d'abord ignoré, puis voué à l'agriculture intensive, a été au début des années 2000 requalifié en biome, sujet de préoccupations environnementales. Sa propulsion sur la scène internationale lors de la conférence Climat de Copenhague en 2009 a par la suite contribué à transformer cet espace mal défini en un enjeu international du changement climatique et de la lutte contre la déforestation avec l'affirmation de deux mouvements difficiles à concilier : celui d'un agrobusiness converti aux technologies vertes et celui de la défense d'une sociodiversité. La construction du biome est analysée en mettant en perspective l'Amazonie. Les auteurs considèrent en effet que les deux régions sont inextricablement solidaires dans leur destin. Des configurations géopolitiques et scientifiques spécifiques et une temporalité autre dans l'histoire du développement durable permettent de prendre la mesure de ce qui les distingue et les relie. Au moment où il est qualifié de biome remarquable, le Cerrado possède déjà la panoplie des outils scientifiques, législatifs et économiques qui témoignent de l'évolution des regards portés sur la biodiversité.

L'enjeu de cet article est de comprendre comment le Cerrado, espace d'abord ignoré, puis voué à l'agriculture intensive, a été au début des années 2000 requalifié en biome, sujet de préoccupations environnementales. Sa propulsion sur la scène internationale lors de la conférence Climat de Copenhague en 2009 a par la suite contribué à transformer cet espace mal défini en un enjeu international du changement climatique et de la lutte contre la déforestation avec l'affirmation de deux mouvements difficiles à concilier : celui d'un agrobusiness converti aux technologies vertes et celui de la défense d'une sociodiversité. La construction du biome est analysée en mettant en perspective l'Amazonie. Les auteurs considèrent en effet que les deux régions sont inextricablement solidaires dans leur destin. Des configurations géopolitiques et scientifiques spécifiques et une temporalité autre dans l'histoire du développement durable permettent de prendre la mesure de ce qui les distingue et les relie. Au moment où il est qualifié de biome remarquable, le Cerrado possède déjà la panoplie des outils scientifiques, législatifs et économiques qui témoignent de l'évolution des regards portés sur la biodiversité. ; What is at stake in this paper is an understanding of how the Cerrado, a previously unknown territory, then dedicated to intensive farming, was promoted at the beginning of the 2000s as a biome and an issue for environmental concerns. Its projection on the international stage during the Conference of Copenhagen on Climate Change in 2009 thereafter contributed to turn this vaguely delimited territory into an international issue for climate change and struggle against deforestation, with the affirmation of two opposite trends: an agribusiness converted to green technologies and the implementation of areas of socio-biodiversity. The construction of the biome is analysed by putting into perspective the Amazon. The authors consider that the two regions are inextricably united in their destiny. Specific geopolitical and scientific contexts and insertion in different stages in the history of sustainable development may explain the contrasting views of these areas. At the time of its qualification as a remarkable biome, the Cerrado is already endowed with the comprehensive kit of scientific, economical and legal tools, demonstrating the evolution of representation on biodiversity.

revue en ligne ; What is at stake in this paper is an understanding of how the Cerrado, a previously unknown territory, then dedicated to intensive farming, was promoted at the beginning of the 2000s as a biome and an issue for environmental concerns. Its projection on the international stage during the Conference of Copenhagen on Climate Change in 2009 thereafter contributed to turn this vaguely delimited territory into an international issue for climate change and struggle against deforestation, with the affirmation of two opposite trends: an agribusiness converted to green technologies and the implementation of areas of socio-biodiversity. The construction of the biome is analysed by putting into perspective the Amazon. The authors consider that the two regions are inextricably united in their destiny. Specific geopolitical and scientific contexts and insertion in different stages in the history of sustainable development may explain the contrasting views of these areas. At the time of its qualification as a remarkable biome, the Cerrado is already endowed with the comprehensive kit of scientific, economical and legal tools, demonstrating the evolution of representation on biodiversity. ; L'enjeu de cet article est de comprendre comment le Cerrado, espace d'abord ignoré, puis voué à l'agriculture intensive, a été au début des années 2000 requalifié en biome, sujet de préoccupations environnementales. Sa propulsion sur la scène internationale lors de la conférence Climat de Copenhague en 2009 a par la suite contribué à transformer cet espace mal défini en un enjeu international du changement climatique et de la lutte contre la déforestation avec l'affirmation de deux mouvements difficiles à concilier : celui d'un agrobusiness converti aux technologies vertes et celui de la défense d'une sociodiversité. La construction du biome est analysée en mettant en perspective l'Amazonie. Les auteurs considèrent en effet que les deux régions sont inextricablement solidaires dans leur destin. Des configurations ...

The remarkable diversity of products made from cassava by Amazonian ethnic groups cannot alone explain the high diversity of varieties. The latter depends also on management of risk, originating from human or natural factors, and on the value placed on diversity. The increasing commercialisation of cassava products is currently modifying production systems and the criteria for preference of varieties. The market has different impacts on diversity, depending on the group of farmers concerned. It can reduce and homogenise diversity and lead to the replacement of regionally distinct cassava varieties by widespread ones. However, the diversity of products sold in the market can also preserve the agro-diversity of cassava from a more complete decay. Nevertheless, the market structure (prices, organisation of trade) and existing legislation concerning agricultural products do not constitute an effective instrument of conservation and valorisation of the agro-diversity and of knowledge associated with it.

Le programme d'installation des populations pauvres sur des lots "semi-urbanises" concerne pres du tiers des habitants du District Federal. Ce projet est exemplaire, par son ampleur, par les modalites de son deroulement et par les inflexions radicales qu'il met en evidence en matiere de gestion urbaine. Cet article previlegie l'etude des trajectoires urbaines. Une population, formee par une histoire migratoire inter-urbaine et intra-urbaine, se definit davantage par ses itineraires et sa dynamique, que par sa composition sociale. Le theme du logement apparait comme le meilleur fil conducteur pour le recueil d'histoires de vie et la comprehension des phenomenes urbains

Indian Mobility Given Peasant Migrations

The Bari Indians of the northern Colombian forests are semi-nomads. For the past 30 years, they have had to deal with the colonization of their territory by peasants who, in pursuit of survival strategies, are looking for new land. These Indians have been gradually forced to restrict their mobility. The social dynamics of Bari acculturation are analyzed in terms of the effects that modified social relations have on practices related to the use of space. Despite an apparent convergence of their farming systems and ways of life, the situations experienced by the Bari and by colonists have neither the same contents nor the same social meaning.