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Snowmelt from the Tianshan Mountains (TS) is a major contributor to the water resources of the Central Asian region. Thus, changes in snow phenology over the TS have significant implications for regional water supplies and ecosystem services. However, the characteristics of changes in snow phenology and their influences on the climate are poorly understood throughout the entire TS due to the lack of in situ observations, limitations of optical remote sensing due to clouds, and decentralized political landscapes. Using passive microwave remote sensing snow data from 1979 to 2016 across the TS, this study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of snow phenology and their attributes and implications. The results show that the mean snow onset day (Do), snow end day (De), snow cover duration days (Dd), and maximum snow depth (SDmax) from 1979 to 2016 were the 78.2nd day of hydrological year (DOY), 222.4th DOY, 146.2 days, and 16.1 cm over the TS, respectively. Dd exhibited a spatial distribution of days with a temperature of °C derived from meteorological station observations. Anomalies of snow phenology displayed the regional diversities over the TS, with shortened Dd in high-altitude regions and the Fergana Valley but increased Dd in the Ili Valley and upper reaches of the Chu and Aksu Rivers. Increased SDmax was exhibited in the central part of the TS, and decreased SDmax was observed in the western and eastern parts of the TS. Changes in Dd were dominated by earlier De, which was caused by increased melt-season temperatures (Tm). Earlier De with increased accumulation of seasonal precipitation (Pa) influenced the hydrological processes in the snowmelt recharge basin, increasing runoff and earlier peak runoff in the spring, which intensified the regional water crisis

Daijun Zhou,1–3 Ruijia Yang,4 Tao Yang,1–3 Malcolm Xing,1–4 Gaoxing Luo1–3 1Institute of Burn Research, 2State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, 3Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Objective: This study aimed to prepare an eco-friendly dressing using a chitin-derived membrane with amphipathic anion/quaternary ammonium salt designed for antibacterial purposes.Methods: Four dressings were prepared and group A was chitin, group B was chitin + amphiphilic ion, group C was chitin + quaternary ammonium salt, group D was chitin + amphiphilic ion + quaternary ammonium salt. Results: In the group D material, precipitation of adherent composite ions was observed. The contact angle test showed that the material was hydrophilic. The drug loading rate in groups B, C, and D was 40–50 (ug:mg), the entrapment efficiency was 70%–75% (P>0.05), and the cumulative release percentages were 87.3%, 88.7%, and 90.2% after 72h for group B, C, and D, respectively. The anti-bacterial activity in vitro was in the order D>C>B>A> control (P>0.05). The anti-pollution activity in vitro was in the order D>B>C>A (PC> commercial chitin dressing >B>A> control (P<0.05), and the length of the neonatal epithelium also showed the same trend. Additionally, PCNA and CD31 expression indicated that cell proliferation and angiogenesis were enhanced when skin defects were covered with the D group material (P<0.05).Conclusion: chitin-amphiphilic ion/quaternary ammonium salt dressing was successfully prepared. The antibacterial and antipollution effects of the prepared material (group D) were both very good, acting to promote wound healing. Keywords: chitin, amphipathic anion, quaternary ammonium salt, wound healing, anti-infective dressingCorrigendum for this paper has been published.

Daijun Zhou, Tao Yang, Wei Qian, Malcolm Xing, Gaoxing Luo Institute of Burn Research; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury; Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China Objective: This study aimed to prepare an eco-friendly dressing using a balsa-derived membrane with lysozymes designed for antibacterial purposes.Methods: The groups included controls, balsa (group A), translucent balsa (group B), translucent balsa–lysozymes (group C), and translucent balsa-modified lysozymes (group D). Physical and chemical methods were used to characterize the materials, and the function of the materials was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments.Results: Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was ordered D > C > B ≈ A (P C > B ≈ A > control (P C > B ≈ A > control (P C > B ≈ A > control (P0.05). The order of expression of axin was D C > B ≈ A > control (P<0.05).Conclusion: This translucent balsa-modified lysozyme dressing is characterized by strong antibacterial properties, stable and persistent release, no cytotoxicity, and capacity to promote antibacterial ability and epithelial growth, as well as cell proliferation and migration.Keywords: balsa, lysozyme, wound dressing, wound healing

Zhou D, Yang R, Yang T, Xing M, Luo G. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:4157–4169. Page 4157, the Author affiliations are listed incorrectly, the correct list is shown below. Daijun Zhou1Ruijia Yang2Tao Yang1Malcolm Xing1,2Gaoxing Luo1 1Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Read the original article.

This study aimed to investigate the features of only child status related to physical health, mathematics achievement, and school feelings and expectations from a different perspective. A representative sample of 91,619 Grade 4 students with an average age of 10.4 ± 0.7, among which 28,631 were only children, were assessed. We used propensity score matching (PSM) and the average treatment effects on the treatment to analyze data. The treatment was the only child of a family. The results indicated that only children have better academic achievement and school feelings (only for urban only child girls), while non-only children have better physical status and anaerobic fitness (AF). In addition, gender and rural vs. urban areas differences were also explored. The adverse situation for rural only boys is emphasized for families, researchers, and governments to focus on. Some suggestions are given under the Two- and Three-Child Policy.