Suchergebnisse

Résumé Les modifications des comportements familiaux ont provoqué, dans les pays occidentaux, la coexistence de deux formes d'union, l'une plutôt « souple », la cohabitation hors mariage, l'autre plus solennelle ou officielle, le mariage. En Suisse, alors que la cohabitation augmente pour concerner aujourd'hui près de 9 couples qui se constituent sur 10, le mariage reste la condition nécessaire à la naissance de l'enfant, les naissances hors mariage étant toujours à un niveau parmi les plus faibles d'Europe. Dans ce contexte, l'étude des facteurs susceptibles d'influencer le choix de la forme de la première union, ainsi que la durée de la première cohabitation non maritale, sont riches en enseignements. Reposant sur une enquête sur la famille, cet article montre notamment le rôle très marqué de la pratique religieuse, d'une éventuelle grossesse en cours et de la situation économique sur le choix du type d'union. Alors qu'il ne paraît pas modifier la forme d'union choisie au moment de la mise en couple, le niveau de formation atteint a une influence sur la durée passée en cohabitation prémaritale.

Since 1971 the Swiss Federal Statistical Office has published annual fertility data split by nationality (Swiss/foreign). These indicate that the TFR for women of foreign nationality has been 0.5 children higher than for Swiss women for most of the period since 1991. However, statistics from household registration (STATPOP) and the Families and Generations Surveys (FGS) in 2013 and 2018 indicate that foreign women, approaching the end of their reproductive lives, have slightly smaller families than women of Swiss nationality. The purpose of this paper is to reconcile these contradictory fertility measures. To do this, we design a novel methodology for tallying the fertility of cohorts of Swiss and foreign nationals through their reproductive life. In addition to birth registrations and population totals by age (the input data for calculating the TFR) we also include estimates of how many children women have at the time of their immigration, emigration and naturalisation. Using these input data, we compile the fertility profiles of Swiss and foreign women aged 15-49 (cohorts 1966-2003). These correspond well with the FGS and household register data. Several processes impact the final fertility of the two sub-populations. Women frequently immigrate into Switzerland in their 20s. Often arriving childless, they commonly start childbearing soon after immigration. However, there is still a flow of low-fertility women into the country in their 30s and 40s, lowering the average fertility of the foreign population. By contrast, Swiss women start childbearing later and a significant proportion remain childless; however, after starting childbearing they have a higher propensity than foreign women to have a second and third child. Naturalisation and fertility are interlinked; women with children are more likely to naturalise than those without, which then boosts the average fertility of the Swiss population. We confirm that the standard TFR gives an inflated impression of the ultimate (cohort) fertility of foreign nationals and under-estimates that of Swiss women, and we describe how this happens. Fundamentally, the TFR is a measure of childbearing intensity, not an accurate estimate of completed cohort fertility, especially for a mobile population.

In Fachkreisen wird kaum bestritten, dass eine weltoffene Schweiz in ihrem eigenen Interesse eine einwanderungsfreundliche Migrationspolitik betreiben sollte. Diese Auffassung steht jedoch in Konflikt mit einer in breiten Bevölkerungskreisen vorherrschenden Stimmung, nach welcher die Akzeptanz der Zuwanderung zunehmend zu schwinden scheint und rechtspopulistische Einstellungen gestärkt werden. Im Dossier der vorliegenden Zeitschrift diskutieren drei Experten der Materie die unterschiedlichen Aspekte dieses Spannungsfeldes, wobei u.a. die Volksinitiativen zu den so genannten "Ausländerfragen" in der Schweiz, das Wesen und die Ziele einer schweizerischen Migrationspolitik, die Bevölkerungsentwicklung in der Schweiz sowie die Ausländerpolitik mit Blick auf die bestehenden EU-Richtlinien angesprochen werden. (ICI)

Using data from the Integration of the Second Generation in Europe survey, this timely study focuses on the second generation of immigrants from Turkey and former Yugoslavia in Switzerland. A common thread running through the various chapters is a comparison with previous research on Switzerland concerning the second generation of Italian and Spanish origin. The authors provide valuable insights into the current situation of the children of Turkish and Yugoslav immigrants while underlining the historical similarities and differences of their respective incorporation processes.

One of the core objectives of the nccr – on the move is to provide new data on migration using a variety of approaches. After the preparatory work in 2015, the Migration-Mobility Survey was setup and successfully conducted during the fall 2016. In total, 5800 migrants were surveyed.
Topics include the migratory trajectory before arriving in Switzerland, the family composition and labor market participation and integration and satisfaction with life in Switzerland.

In this chapter, we seek to shed light on the mechanisms of perceived discrimination: Who, among recent immigrants, is more likely to feel discriminated against and report it when asked in a survey? Social scientists typically define discrimination as an observable and unjust difference in the treatment of distinct groups. To personally feel discriminated against, people must be aware of the differential treatment and perceive it as unjust. We show that reporting discrimination when asked in a survey depends substantially upon individual traits, including aspects that shape whether discrimination is accepted and whether immigrants feel attached to the host society. Although respondents report less discrimination if their job situation has improved after migration, people more likely report discrimination when they originate from countries in which the national legislature represents ethnic minority groups relatively well. Earlier difficulties related to the migration process and the lack of supporting networks continue to affect the perception of unfair treatment. Moreover, we show that individuals distinguish to a surprising degree between discrimination in and outside the work environment. For instance, when they are proficient in the local language, respondents often report discrimination in the workplace but not in a public environment. This distinction between discrimination in the workplace and discrimination in public also depends strongly upon the immigrant's origin. We conclude that contemporary individual-level measures and policy recommendations merely approximate discriminatory patterns; we urge future research to consider factors that affect individual perception of discrimination.