Suchergebnisse

This book is as an extension of previous book "Computer Vision and Machine Learning in Agriculture" for academicians, researchers, and professionals interested in solving the problems of agricultural plants and products for boosting production by rendering the advanced machine learning including deep learning tools and techniques to computer vision algorithms. The book contains 15 chapters. The first three chapters are devoted to crops harvesting, weed, and multi-class crops detection with the help of robots and UAVs through machine learning and deep learning algorithms for smart agriculture. Next, two chapters describe agricultural data retrievals and data collections. Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 focuses on yield estimation, crop maturity detection, agri-food product quality assessment, and medicinal plant recognition, respectively. The remaining six chapters concentrates on optimized disease recognition through computer vision-based machine and deep learning strategies

This book is as an extension of the previous two volumes on "Computer Vision and Machine Learning in Agriculture". This volume 3 discusses solutions to the problems of agricultural production by rendering advanced machine learning including deep learning tools and techniques. The book contains 13 chapters that focus on in-depth research outputs in precision agriculture, crop farming, horticulture, floriculture, vertical farming, animal husbandry, disease detection, plant recognition, production yield, product quality, defect assessment, and overall automation through robots and drones. The topics covered in the current volume, along with the previous volumes, are comprehensive literature for both beginners and experienced in this domain

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Harvesting Robots for Smart Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Literature -- 3 Basics of Harvesting Robots -- 4 Robots in Harvesting Applications -- 4.1 Harvesting Robots in Path Navigation -- 4.2 Crops and Vegetable Harvesting -- 5 Commercialization and Current Challenges of Harvesting Robots -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Drone-Based Weed Detection Architectures Using Deep Learning Algorithms and Real-Time Analytics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of UAVs, Artificial Intelligence and Spark Architecture -- 2.1 Evolution of UAVs -- 2.2 Applications of UAVs -- 2.3 UAVs in Agriculture -- 2.4 UAVs in Weed Detection and Management -- 2.5 Evolution of Distributed and Parallel Computing for Real-Time Performance -- 2.6 Spark Architecture -- 2.7 Spark Streaming Architecture -- 2.8 Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning -- 3 Proposed Architectures -- 3.1 Model 1-Conventional Server-Based Architecture -- 3.2 Model 2-Single-Tier UAV-Based Architecture -- 3.3 Model 3-Double-Tier UAV-Based Architecture -- 3.4 Model 4-Hybrid UAV Architecture -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 A Deep Learning-Based Detection System of Multi-class Crops and Orchards Using a UAV -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Data Collection -- 3.2 Data Preprocessing and Data Enhancement -- 3.3 Optimized Faster-RCNN -- 3.4 Proposed Real-Time Framework Description -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Real-Life Agricultural Data Retrieval for Large-Scale Annotation Flow Optimization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Previous Work -- 3 Optimized Annotation Flow -- 4 Crop Identification -- 4.1 Data Preparation -- 4.2 Model and Hyperparameters -- 4.3 Results -- 5 Emergence Analysis -- 5.1 Data Preparation -- 5.2 Model Versions and Hyperparameters -- 5.3 Results.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Introduction to Computer Vision and Machine Learning Applications in Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computer Vision and Machine Learning in Agriculture -- 3 Challenges and Future Scopes -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Robots and Drones in Agriculture-A Survey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Robotics Basic -- 2.1 Robotic Mechanism -- 2.2 Agricultural Robot Classification -- 3 Robots in Agricultural Applications -- 3.1 Robots in Path Navigation -- 3.2 Robots in Crop Production -- 3.3 Robots in Weed Removal and Disease and Pest Control -- 3.4 Robots in Crop Harvesting -- 4 Drones in Agriculture -- 5 Commercialization and Current Challenges of Agricultural Robots -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Detection of Rotten Fruits and Vegetables Using Deep Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computer Vision and Machine Learning in Fruits and Vegetable Processing -- 2.1 Segmentation and Detection of Fruits and Vegetables from the Natural Environment -- 2.2 Classification of Fruits and Vegetables -- 2.3 Grading of Fruits and Vegetables -- 2.4 Sorting the Defective Fruits and Vegetables -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Dataset -- 3.2 Convolutional Neural Network -- 3.3 Proposed Convolutional Neural Network Architecture -- 3.4 AlexNet Architecture -- 4 Experimentation and Results -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Deep Learning-Based Essential Paddy Pests' Filtration Technique for Economic Damage Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Pests Classification -- 3.1 Beneficial Pests -- 3.2 Non-beneficial Pests -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Deep Learning -- 5.1 Convolutional Neural Network -- 6 Experiments -- 6.1 Dataset -- 6.2 Experimental Setup -- 6.3 Confusion Matrix -- 6.4 Computation Time -- 7 Conclusion -- References.

This research has explored gender-based violence against female migrant workers from Bangladesh. This exploratory study comprises both primary and secondary data collected through KIIs and a review of the literature. The research has mainly reviewed secondary literature including news articles, organizational reports, official statistics, journal articles, and books to respond to the research problem. Moreover, it has interviewed some key informants chosen from among the people who deal with the issues of female migrant workers with different capacities. The research has found serious violations of human rights in the form of gender-based abuse. Housemaids are the main victims of such abuses, and Middle Eastern countries are the hot spots of this phenomenon. Many female migrant workers lose the minimum human dignity, lose the inviolability of their bodies, and get victimized in the forms of both sexual and physical abuse. Their dream of economic uplift of their family gets shattered when their payment is delayed or confiscated by force or due to some critical conditions of the contract that those workers have no idea about. Some of them not only lose all their dreams but also lose their mind from the traumatic experience there. Both the primary and secondary data repeatedly confirmed these aspects of human rights violations of the country's women migrant workers. The woes of the mothers and sisters of this country not only disgrace the face of this country but also compromise the economic opportunity of the global labour market. Therefore, the policymakers must focus on the protection and promotion of their human rights for the sake of both their human dignity as well as the economic advancement of the country. All the cases of human rights violations must be reported well immediately, and the government bodies, especially the embassy offices in respective countries, must be sensible and capable of both protecting the citizens and ensuring remedies. Besides, the diplomatic priorities of the government must comprise the interests of female migrant workers since their protection is both morally and economically important for the government.
Social Science Review, Vol. 40(2), December 2023 Page: 113-126

The specific focus of this study is on the female workers of Dhaka city who are migrated from different parts of the country. It aims to explore how internally migrated female workers are subjected to discrimination in their workplaces.In this regard, the study has analysed the perceptions of internally migrated female workers employed in different sectors. The data collection methods include survey, KII, FGD and observation. The findings of this study show that more than one-fourth (29.17%) of the female workers perceive being discriminated in their workplaces. Sexual identity is found to be the key ground of discrimination. Discriminatory work environment prevails in almost all the sectors migrated female workers are employed in. The major types of discrimination identified by this study include genderbased disparity in payment, unfavourable work environment for women due to sexual harassment, invidious selection in hiring and promotion, and denial of rights during pregnancy. Though these forms of discrimination prevail across occupations, there are discrepancies in this regard. Domestic workers report the highest extent of pregnancy-related discrimination, but they emphasized oncomparatively lower extent of gender-based payment disparity. Garment workers report a very low level of sexual harassment but a higher level of pay disparity. Payment disparity is a common concern identified across the occupations covered in this study.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(2), December 2021 Page 135-157

Bu makalenin amacı Sukuk piyasaları için İbn Haldun'un iktisadi düşüncelerinin temelini tespit etmektir. Sukuk piyasaları son yıllarda hızlı bir yükseliş yaşamaktadır. Ancak bazı meydan okumalar Sukuk piyasalarının potansiyelini sınırlamaktadır. Bu problemler standartların olmayışı, uygun olmayan alım-satım altyapıları, düşük sukuk oranlarının olmayışı, küçük yatırımcı için sukuk piyasa yapısının eksikliği, global ölçekte İslami bankacılık kurumlarının olmayışı olarak sıralanabilir. Bunun yanında kanuni çerçeve ve vergi alanında çerçeve eksikliği, şeriat yönetişimi alnındaki eksiklikler, kurumsal sukuk ihracı eksikliği ve yatırımcı çeşitliliğinin yeterli olmaması gibi faktörler de bu piyasaların gelişimini kısıtlamaktadır. Bu kısıtlamaları aşmak ve sukuk piyasalarının büyüme sürecini geliştirmek için İbn Haldun'un sekiz kategori içeren bir ekonomik modeli bu makalede önerilmiştir. Önerilen modelin yanında İbn Haldun birçok farklı ekonomik yapı tavsiye etmiştir. ; The purpose of this paper is to determine the principle of Ibn Khaldun's economic thoughts in Sukuk markets. Sukuk market has surprisingly risen in recent years. However, some challenges hinder the potentiality of sukuk market. The notable problems are lack of standardization, lack of inadequate trading platforms, lack of low level of sukuk rates, lack of market structure of sukuk for retail investors and lack of global Islamic banking institutions. Apart from that, some other factors that hamper sukuk market's growth like lack of legislative framework, lack of tax law framework, lack of Shari'ah governance framework, lack of corporate sukuk issuances and diversified investor base. In order to overcome the constraints and improve the growth of sukuk market, one of the Ibn Khaldun's economic model that entails eight categories, has been proposed in this work while Ibn Khaldun proposed several economic structures in literatures other than the proposed one.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the principle of Ibn Khaldun's economic thoughts in Sukuk markets. Sukuk market has surprisingly risen in recent years. However, some challenges hinder the potentiality of sukuk market. The notable problems are lack of standardization, lack of inadequate trading platforms, lack of low level of sukuk rates, lack of market structure of sukuk for retail investors and lack of global Islamic banking institutions. Apart from that, some other factors that hamper sukuk market's growth like lack of legislative framework, lack of tax law framework, lack of Shari'ah governance framework, lack of corporate sukuk issuances and diversified investor base. In order to overcome the constraints and improve the growth of sukuk market, one of the Ibn Khaldun's economic model that entails eight categories, has been proposed in this work while Ibn Khaldun proposed several economic structures in literatures other than the proposed one. ; Bu makalenin amacı Sukuk piyasaları için İbn Haldun'un iktisadi düşüncelerinin temelini tespit etmektir. Sukuk piyasaları son yıllarda hızlı bir yükseliş yaşamaktadır. Ancak bazı meydan okumalar Sukuk piyasalarının potansiyelini sınırlamaktadır. Bu problemler standartların olmayışı, uygun olmayan alım-satım altyapıları, düşük sukuk oranlarının olmayışı, küçük yatırımcı için sukuk piyasa yapısının eksikliği, global ölçekte İslami bankacılık kurumlarının olmayışı olarak sıralanabilir. Bunun yanında kanuni çerçeve ve vergi alanında çerçeve eksikliği, şeriat yönetişimi alnındaki eksiklikler, kurumsal sukuk ihracı eksikliği ve yatırımcı çeşitliliğinin yeterli olmaması gibi faktörler de bu piyasaların gelişimini kısıtlamaktadır. Bu kısıtlamaları aşmak ve sukuk piyasalarının büyüme sürecini geliştirmek için İbn Haldun'un sekiz kategori içeren bir ekonomik modeli bu makalede önerilmiştir. Önerilen modelin yanında İbn Haldun birçok farklı ekonomik yapı tavsiye etmiştir.

Although extant literature mainly emphasizes socialization models like early life socialization, socialization stage models, socialization tactics, newcomer learning and individual differences, little attention has been paid to the socialization in the organizational context. The main purpose of the research is to examine how context influences the organizational socialization process. The study has carried out multilevel organization analysis employing a single case study in the microfinance sector of Bangladesh. The study finds that contextual factors such as structure, goals, job role and environment facilitate and also constrain the socialization process. Institutional, formal, group and informal socialization tactics are commonly practiced in the multiple levels of the microfinance institution. Socialization stages such as learning and initiation, encountering and adjustment are commonly practiced and they are associated with uncertainty and environmental constraints. Overall, the study argues that context is critical in understanding and explaining socialization process.