Suchergebnisse

Online toxicity refers to a spectrum of problematic communicative phenomena that unfold in various ways on social media platforms. Most of the current efforts to contain it focus on computational techniques to detect online toxicity and build a regulatory architecture. In this paper, we highlight the importance of focusing on the social phenomena of toxicity, and particularly, exploring the public understanding and future imaginaries of toxic debates. To explore how users construe online toxicity and envisage the future of online discussions, we examine 41 scenarios produced by European experts from the field of technology and culture. Through a content analysis informed by a narrative approach and insights from futures studies, we identify three myths that characterize the future scenarios: technological disruption, societal fragmentation, and digital Enlightenment. After a discussion of their relations, we conclude by stressing the importance of platform transparency and user empowerment.

Codes of ethics are one of the most widespread instruments of (self-)regulation for journalistic activity, pointing out the best professional practices and ethical standards to be followed and the need to allow some kind of scrutiny by the public. Such codes have different names, scope, authorship, range of action, and enforcement capacity, as can be seen in the various reports of the 18 countries participating in the 2021 Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM) research project. In this chapter, an historical overview of the evolution of journalistic codes of ethics in different national media contexts is given, as well as an analysis of the cornerstones such codes are built upon in various countries. We discuss the specific virtues and shortcomings of such codes, with a particular emphasis on the new challenges brought by the digital media environment. The role played by codes of ethics, compared with the laws that regulate media, is also addressed.

1.Introduction: Democratization conflicts as communicative contestations -- 2. Media, power, citizenship: democratization in an age of media abundance -- 3. Conflict-Sensitive Journalism? Journalistic Role Perceptions and Practices in Democratization Conflicts -- 4. Peace but at what cost? Media coverage of elections and conflict in Kenya -- 5. Creativity and strategy: how civil society organizations communicate and mobilise in Egypt, Kenya, Serbia and South Africa -- 6. Tweeting in precarious times: Comparing Twitter use during the 2013 general election in Kenya and the 2012 presidential election in Egypt -- 7. Minority Media, Democratization conflicts and the politicization of Coptic communal identity in Egypt -- 8. Hybrid governance, strategic communication and the quest for institutional legitimacy -- 9. Communicating power and resistance in democratic decline: the 2015 smear campaign against Serbia's ombudsman -- 10. Dialogue of the Deaf: Listening on Twitter and Democratic Responsiveness during the 2015 South African State of the Nation Address -- 11. The Participation Approach in Media Development Cooperation -- 12. Conclusion