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In this 20th anniversary issue of International Negotiation, we reflect back on past accomplishments and look forward to new areas of inquiry. The journal has focused on promoting four goals: concentrating research attention on challenging topics through thematic issues, supporting researcher-practitioner dialogue, stimulating interdisciplinary discussion, and providing a platform for new research frameworks and approaches. The articles in this anniversary issue consider the state of the field over the past two decades, highlight critical areas that demand further attention, and offer research agendas to fill those gaps.

Negotiation is becoming a more inclusive activity. More and different types of actors are taking part at national and international levels to resolve conflicts and seek agreement. At a national level, non-governmental organizations and individual citizens are partaking in mass demonstrations that often evolve into negotiation. At the international level, ngos working through issue networks have been participating more and more in formal negotiations with state parties. By reviewing several cases at these different levels, this article identifies useful questions for future research focusing on the sources of legitimacy and power of these new actors and how they are changing the organization, structure, process and outcomes of negotiation.

Negotiation is becoming a more inclusive activity. More and different types of actors are taking part at national and international levels to resolve conflicts and seek agreement. At a national level, non-governmental organizations and individual citizens are partaking in mass demonstrations that often evolve into negotiation. At the international level, ngos working through issue networks have been participating more and more in formal negotiations with state parties. By reviewing several cases at these different levels, this article identifies useful questions for future research focusing on the sources of legitimacy and power of these new actors and how they are changing the organization, structure, process and outcomes of negotiation. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractEmerging changes to post-agreement negotiation structures and actors can have important implications for the process and outcome of negotiated agreements. These innovations include the coexistence of negotiated global and regional regimes on the same policy issue, as well as civil society organizations that assert their "right to negotiate" at the domestic level to promote national compliance with regime standards and provisions. The evolution of these factors within the post-agreement negotiations of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) is used as a case study. Globalization and communications technology trends play a major role in promoting these changes.

Emerging changes to post-agreement negotiation structures and actors can have important implications for the process and outcome of negotiated agreements. These innovations include the coexistence of negotiated global and regional regimes on the same policy issue, as well as civil society organizations that assert their 'right to negotiate' at the domestic level to promote national compliance with regime standards and provisions. The evolution of these factors within the post-agreement negotiations of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) is used as a case study. Globalization and communications technology trends play a major role in promoting these changes. Adapted from the source document.

Deadlocked international negotiations risk prolonged uncertainty and, worse, the possible onset of hostilities. While the negotiation research literature is replete with strategies & tactics that seek positive sum outcomes, there is a paucity of reliable advice for negotiators faced with stalemate on what they can do to avert failure & get back on the negotiation track. This study suggests that international negotiations can learn from the field of developmental psychology about the concept & practice of resiliency. Resiliency is the human capacity to face, overcome & be strengthened by experiences of extreme adversity. It is a basic & powerful human competency that negotiators, faced with impasse, need to master to avert failure & achieve successful negotiation outcomes. If people have the capacity to bounce back from adversity in their personal lives, negotiators in their professional lives should be able to mobilize this capacity to bounce back from impasses, as well. Several propositions based on research findings are examined. References. Adapted from the source document.

Negotiation is a common transaction within government, between governments, and between government and its citizens. Consulting to improve the skills and competencies of negotiators and to develop "cultures of negotiation" in government organizations is a practice that appears to be gaining currency. Five sample assignments are described from both substantive and business perspectives. From these illustrations, a typology of the available points of entry for negotiation consultants is presented. Some of the problems and reasons for hesitancy on the part of prospective clients in employing such consulting support are discussed, and ways of overcoming these objections are suggested.