Suchergebnisse

In India, as in different traditional cultures, women have been and still are treated in a number of inhumane ways. They are controlled, prone to assault and abuse and risk rape not only outside but within their own homes. Moreover, marital rape is not considered a crime in India. The article attempts to analyse Indian rape laws and to show that exemption for marital rape does not align with the fundamental principles of justice and equality, which is the basic feature of the Indian Constitution. The article argues that the exemption clause should be repealed, and marital rape be criminalised. The article further discusses the approach of the Indian judiciary towards the issue of criminalisation of marital rape.

In January 2016, the Government of India launched the Startup India initiative, which has transformed the way in which the markets, potential entrepreneurs, and investors view startups. This transformation included a slew of policy measures intended to promote a startup culture and allow younger population members to take risk with their ideas and become "job creators" rather than "job seekers." India's demographic dividend required a suitable channelization of human resources. The Startup Action Plan (SAP) of 2016 proposed to address three key areas for empowering potential startups: (i) handholding and simplification; (ii) funding support and incentives; and (iii) incubation and industry-academia partnership. Emerging as the third-largest startup ecosystem of the world, India has potential for enormous growth. There have been several policies at all levels of government, industry, and academia to promote a startup culture. However, it is important to examine these initiatives and determine whether they move beyond the subsidy/tax holiday mindset and work on the root corrections necessary for a robust startup ecosystem. There are several issues that require consideration from the policy and regulatory perspective for a successful startup revolution. This paper explores these initiatives that the Government of India has taken and identifies the gaps that require attention from stakeholders. The paper also investigates the major challenges and potential solutions arising from the Indian experience of initiatives in the startup revolution.

India is one of the most significant countries of Asia, particularly in terms of its population and growing economy and markets. India has rapidly moved from a 'command and control' economy to free-market principles, and in this regard, one of the major reforms revamped the competition law. The new competition law introduced the principle of 'competitive neutrality' by bringing 'state-owned enterprises' (SOEs) under the purview of competition law regulation by virtue of defining 'enterprise' to include government departments engaged in economic activity. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has penalized big SOEs like Coal India for violation of the Competition Act. However, looking from a reform perspective, generally there has been a bias toward state-owned enterprises by Governments in giving concessions, relaxing norms, and promoting finances. The biggest example is Air India - the national carrier. Other sectors would be railways, including container transport, state-owned banks, the health sector, and the energy sector. The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of competition law and policy on reforming SOEs in India. This will be done through looking at cases against SOEs in India and their impact on changing the behavior of SOEs vis-à-vis competition specifically and reforms generally.