Suchergebnisse

Economic development is not the main objective of economic policies. It is importance to ensure that the benefits of development accrue to all levels of the needle societies. NITI Aayog has said in its latest document vision and the GOI is endeavoring to make a 'New India' by 2022 which will be free from poverty, communalism, casteism, corruption, and terrorism. Under PMAGY should attain all model villages selected status by 2022; it says adding that we should resolve to have Poverty Free India by 2022. Eradication of poverty is an important task. Human beings want a certain minimum consumption of foods and non-foods items to survive in life. This paper begins with a review of poverty and discussing the causes of poverty. This paper identifies uncertainty in income of sources, low level of income, unemployment, unskilled, lack of vocational and skill education/tanning, corruption, geographical factors, ineffective urban and rural local bodies, instability in politics and GOI rule and policies as the result of poverty. Scholars are identify some suggestions or recommendations to eradicate poverty based on the causes discussed and document to New India by 2022 (NITI Aayog).

Purpose
The importance of workplace inclusion continues to gain scholarly acclaim. However, in reality, many employees choose to ostracize their colleagues post workplace relationship strife. With this notion the present study aims to delve into the intricate linkages between workplace relationship conflict (WRC) and employee ostracism behavior (EOB), exploring the serial mediating roles of relational identification (RI) and emotional energy (EE). Additionally, the study examines the potential moderating effect of perceived forgiveness climate (PFC) to understand how forgiveness climate may serve as a boundary condition in shaping these crucial relationships.


Design/methodology/approach
The analysis utilized five-wave time-tagged data collected from 228 employees through scenario and survey methods. The Hayes PROCESS Macro was employed to examine the proposed hypotheses.


Findings
The results indicate a positive influence of WRC on EOB. Additionally, RI and EE sequentially mediate the relationship between WRC and EOB. Furthermore, PFC moderates the serial mediation process (RI and EE) between WRC and EOB as well as the adverse effects of WRC on RI.


Originality/value
Grounded in the theoretical framework of conservation of resource (COR) theory and cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS) theory, the present study offers new insights. By establishing the complicated interplay of RI and EE between WRC and EOB along with the moderating role of PFC, the study extends the understanding of the mechanisms involved, providing a more comprehensive perspective. By shedding light on these complicated interconnected links, the study paved the way for positive social dynamics at work.

AbstractDespite a general understanding that interviewers might cause measurement errors on sensitive questions in sample surveys, there is relatively little research on interviewer effects on responses to questions on women justifying a woman's refusal to have sex with her husband, women justifying wife beating, women's experience of physical and sexual violence, and whether the woman's father ever beat her mother. This study examines interviewer effects on these indicators that were collected in two large‐scale National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) in India (2005–2006 and 2015–2016). We use cross‐classified random intercept multivariable multilevel logit models to examine interviewer effects. In both surveys, we find large interviewer effects on questions about the justification of a woman refusing to have sex with her husband (32–33% in NFHS‐3 and 45–46% in NFHS‐4) and the justification of wife beating (27–28% in NFHS‐3 and 33–34% in NFHS‐4). The interviewer effects were much larger in the 2015–2016 survey than in the 2005–2006 survey. Such large interviewer effects should be considered when interpreting trends and patterns on these topics, especially since the interviewer effects might have changed between survey rounds. Understanding interviewer effects is important given the wide use of these surveys in policy formulation and monitoring in India.

AbstractIdentifying the factors that have contributed to recent declines in neonatal mortality in India may help determine which policies and programs are most likely to facilitate further reductions. We use data from the 1992–93, 2005–06, and 2015–16 National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) to examine trends in neonatal mortality in India. We use multivariable decomposition to estimate the contribution of different factors to the change in neonatal mortality in India in the last three decades. When limited to most recent births in the 1–47 months preceding the surveys, 70 percent of the decline in neonatal mortality from 1992–2016 is due to changes in utilization of maternal‐ and child‐care program factors and distribution of household, mother's, and child's characteristics. Improvement in "mother's schooling" and increase in utilization of "at least two tetanus toxoid injections" contributed the most followed by the increase in use of "at least three antenatal‐care visits" and "clean fuel for cooking." The change in distribution of "birth order" also contributed significantly to the decline in neonatal mortality. Change in the benefits of "access to improved water," "delivery in a medical facility," and "mother's schooling" has led to a decline of 3 points, 2 points, and 1 point, respectively. More investments in maternal‐ and child‐health programs (including family planning) and providing clean fuel for cooking are likely to pay higher dividends.