Suchergebnisse

RésuméDans cette analyse novatrice consacrée à l'effet de la libéralisation du commerce et des investissements relatifs aux services sur la répartition des gains, les auteurs mettent l'accent sur le rôle de caractéristiques comme le mode de fourniture et la nature de la branche d'activité. Ils complètent les statistiques descriptives par une analyse économétrique effectuée à partir des données de l'OCDE sur les restrictions aux échanges de services pour 2014–2016. Les résultats ne font apparaître aucune association entre la libéralisation unilatérale des services et une éventuelle perte d'emplois nette. Cependant, des études empiriques reposant sur des données plus exhaustives seraient nécessaires pour en savoir plus.

ResumenEste estudio de carácter exploratorio se basa en estadísticos descriptivos y en un análisis econométrico para examinar los efectos en el empleo de los regímenes unilaterales aplicados al comercio de servicios, con datos del Índice de Restricción del Comercio de Servicios de la OCDE para 44 países miembros y no miembros de la OCDE y 22 subsectores durante el periodo 2014–2016. Los resultados sugieren que la liberalización unilateral de los servicios no está asociada a efectos netos de desplazamiento de la mano de obra. Sin embargo, serán necesarias fuentes de datos mejoradas para una comprensión más completa de esta cuestión.

AbstractThis article offers novel insights into the modal and sectoral characteristics of trade in services that may exert an influence on the redistributive properties of liberalization in service trade and investment. It uses descriptive statistics, and econometric analysis to examine the labour market effects of unilateral service regimes, drawing on data from the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index for a sample of 44 OECD and non‐OECD countries and 22 sectors over the period 2014–16. Whereas the findings suggest that the unilateral liberalization of services is not associated with net labour displacement effects, the authors call for empirical evidence, based on improved data sources, for a fuller understanding of this issue.

An E15 Initiative think piece: Investment incentives rank among the most important policy instruments governments employ to influence the locational decisions of multinational firms. In the wake of the recent increase in locational competition and the growing impact of investment incentives and support measures for state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the need for enhanced disciplines on investment incentives has gained political and academic salience. This think piece explores the evolution of investment incentives from a development and rule-making perspective. It summarises the existing literature and examines current practices and recent trends in FDI flows and the use of various investment incentives. This is followed by a discussion of the reasons for the observed stalemate in attempts at disciplinary rule-making. The paper concludes by putting forth recommendations for data gathering and transparency that could further the move toward improved global governance founded on the increasing complementarities of trade, investment, and competition law and policy as the core pillars of a more open, inclusive, and just world economy.

This paper explores the hitherto futile quest for developing disciplines on the trade- and investment-distorting effects of services subsidies. It sheds light on the multiplicity of factors that have weighed on the conduct of negotiations on subsidy disciplines in a services trade context at both the global and preferential levels, and advances a few thoughts on what the future may hold for the adoption of such disciplines. The analysis suggests that it is rather unlikely that WTO Members will any time soon reach a consensus on the matter of subsidy disciplines for services beyond those that currently (and timidly) obtain in the GATS and in many preferential trade agreements. The main reason behind such a conclusion stems from a marked rise in the value of preserving policy space in a trading environment characterized by considerably greater global market contestability than two decades ago.