Suchergebnisse

IN THE 1971 THE SUPREME COURT HELD IN GRAHAM V. RICHARDSON STATE LAWS PENALIZING RESIDENT ALIENS WOULD HEREAFTER SURVIVE CHALLENGE ONLY IF THEY SERVED COMPELLING INTERESTS. THE COURT HAS RECENTLY INVOKED THE SO-CALLED "POLITICAL COMMUNITY" DOCTRINE, HOWEVER, IN ORDER TO RESTRICT ITS HOLDING IN GRAHAM. ACCORDING TO THIS DOCTRINE, AS ORIGINALLY ARTICULATED, A STATE RETAINS THE RIGHT TO PROTECT THE "CHARACTER AND NEEDS OF ITS POLITICAL COMMUNITY," AND HENCE MIGHT CONSIDER ONLY CITIZENS FOR GOVERNMENTAL POSITIONS THAT INVOLVE THE FORMATION OR EXECUTION OF HIGH-LEVEL POLICY. THE COURT HAS SUBSEQUENTLY EXPANDED THIS DOCTRINE, HOWEVER, AND SINCE 1978 IT HAS SANCTIONED STATE REGULATIONS THAT DISQUALIFY ALIENS FROM A NUMBER OF OCCUPATIONS UNRELATED TO THE CREATION OR IMPLEMENTATION OF OFFICIAL POLICY. THE EXPANSION OF THE POLITICAL COMMUNITY DOCTRINE IS UNFORTUNATE FOR A NUMBER OF REASONS, BUT IN PARTICULAR BECAUSE THE COURT THEREBY VESTS THE STATUS OF CITIZENSHIP WITH WITH A SIGNIFICANCE THAT IS AT VARIANCE WITH THIS COUNTRY'S CONSTITUTIONAL TRADITION.

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ; CHAPTER I - THE PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL REDEVELOPMENT ; Defining a Regional Redevelopment Problem ; Patterns of Regional Redevelopment: A Functional Analysis ; - The New York Metropolitan Area; - The Delaware River Port Area; - The New Jersey Shore; Regional Governmental Problems ; Means of Overcoming Problems ; CHAPTER II - THE HACKENSACK MEADOWLANDS: A REGIONAL REDEVELOPMENT PROBLEM ; The Meadowlands Area and its Characteristics ; - Importance of the Setting; - Importance of the Meadowlands Area; Meadowlands Redevelopment: A Functional Analysis ; - Physical Problems; - Land Ownership Problems; - Social, Economic and Environmental Problems; - Development Pressures; - The Case for Balanced Areawide Development; Meadowlands Redevelopment: A Governmental Analysis ; - Governmental Involvement in Meadowlands Development; - Prospects for Voluntary Intermunicipal Cooperation; - Impact of Potential Debt; CHAPTER III - DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES OF A MECHANISM FOR REDEVELOPMENT OF THE HACKENSACK MEADOWLANDS ; Basic Criteria ; Functional Goals ; - Planning; - Reclamation, Development, Redevelopment; - Areawide Financing; Equitable Sharing of Costs and Benefits ; - Modified Benefit Theory; - Other Cost Sharing Considerations; - Instituting a Tax Sharing Formula; Structural Attributes of a Meadowlands Agency ; - Relationships Among Constituent Units; - Policy Making and Administration; - Duration of the Areawide Agency; Resolution of Ownership Problems ; CHAPTER IV - A SURVEY OF POSSIBLE STRUCTURAL AND PROGRAMMATIC RESPONSES TO REGIONAL REDEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS IN THE HACKENSACK MEADOWLANDS ; Structural Responses ; - Councils and Conferences; - Intergovernmental Agreements and Contracts; - Special Districts; - Authorities; - Federation; Functional Responses ; - Adopting and Implementing Plans; - Development and Redevelopment; - Financing Reclamation and Development; Allocating Costs and Benefits on A regional Basis ; CHAPTER V - THE MRDA: AN INTERMUNICIPAL APPROACH TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ; The MRDA: Structure and Membership ; Powers Exercised Directly by the MRDA ; Operating and Regulatory Powers ; - Limits on Direct Operating Powers; - Relationship of Municipal Powers to MRDA; - Planning Powers; - Land Use Controls; — Financial Powers; Tax Sharing Formula of the MRDA ; Deficiencies of the MRDA ; Remedying the Redevelopment Agencies Law ; Demonstrating an Intermunicipal Approach ; CHAPTER VI - THE HACKENSACK MEADOWLANDS RECLAMATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACT: A RESPONSE TO THE PROBLEMS OF REGIONAL REDEVELOPMENT ; Historical Sequence ; An Examination of the Act ; - Special Legislation; - State Problem, Public Purpose; - Meadowlands District: Area of Jurisdiction; - Structure and Composition of the Meadowlands Development Agencies; - Powers and Functions of the Meadowlands Development Commission; - Cost and Benefit Sharing Principles; - Note on Intermunicipal Tax Sharing and Local Service Provision; - Specific Application of Tax Sharing Principles; - Revenue Raising Provisions; - Riparian Lands and the Title Question; Conclusion

"An ever-expanding and panicked Wonder Woman crashes through a city skyline begging Steve to stop her. A twisted queen of sorority row crashes her convertible trying to escape her queer shame. A suave butch emcee introduces the sequined and feathered stars of the era's most celebrated drag revue. For an unsettled and retrenching postwar America, these startling figures betrayed the failure of promised consensus and appeasing conformity. They could also be cruel, painful, and disciplinary jokes. It turns out that an obsession with managing gender and female sexuality after the war would hardly contain them. On the contrary, it spread their campy manifestations throughout mainstream culture. Offering the first major consideration of lesbian camp in American popular culture, Suffering Sappho! traces a larger-than-life lesbian menace across mid-century media forms to propose five prototypical queer icons-the sicko, the monster, the spinster, the Amazon, and the rebel. On the pages of comics and sensational pulp fiction and the dramas of television and drive-in movies, Barbara Jane Brickman discovers evidence not just of campy sexual deviants but of troubling female performers, whose failures could be epic but whose subversive potential could inspire"--

"Emotion lies at the heart of all national movements, and Zionism is no exception. For those who identify as a Zionist, the word connotates liberation and redemption, uniqueness and vulnerability. Yet for many, Zionism is a source of distaste if not disgust, and those who reject it are no less passionate than those who embrace it. The power of such emotions helps explain why a word originally associated with territorial aspiration has survived for so many years after the establishment of the Israeli State. Zionism: An Emotional State expertly demonstrates how the energy propelling the Zionist project originates from bundles of feelings whose elements have varied in volume, intensity, and durability across space and time. Beginning with an original typology of Zionism and a new take on its relationship to colonialism, Penslar then examines the emotions that have shaped Zionist sensibilities and practices over the course of the movement's history. The resulting portrait of Zionism reconfigures how we understand Jewish Identity amidst continuing debates on the role of nationalism in the modern world"--