Suchergebnisse

An inventory of host tree species of the pine processionnary moth was carried out in an urban area embedded within both forest andarable areas in order to assess the impact of trees outside forest (TOF) upon landscape connectivity for this forest insect.In comparison with the neighbouring forests, the number of pines, cedars and douglas firs found in thestudy site was low but tree density was high enough to generate a high level of connectivity of the potential host tree species of the moth. Moreover, the most attacked trees are the most planted ones. The highest proportion of trees in this inventory was found in private gardens. Public policies aiming to manage this pest species by modifying ornamental planting practices need to take in account the private part of the urban tree patrimony. ; Un inventaire des arbres-hôtes de la processionnaire du pin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa)aété réalisé dans une zone urbaine située entre forêts et open-fields afin d'évaluer le rôle des arbres hors forêts (AHF) dans la circulation de cet insecte à impact économique et sanitaire. Nos résultats montrent que les pins, cèdres et douglas en ville ne représentent numériquement qu'une fraction minime des arbres présents dans la région. Mais, avec une densité de plus d'un arbre et demi à l'hectare, ils sont en quantité suffisante pour générer une bonne connectivité du milieu urbain, d'autant que les arbres les plus attaqués sont les plus plantés. La plus grande proportion de ces arbres se rencontre dans les jardins de particuliers.Des politiques communales visant à gérer les populations deprocessionnaire du pin en faisant évoluer les pratiques ornementales devrontdonc nécessairement prendre en considération la composante privée du patrimoine arboré.

The world's forests have never been more threatened by invasions of exotic pests and pathogens, whose causes and impacts are reinforced by global change. However, forest entomologists and pathologists have, for too long, worked independently, used different concepts and proposed specific management methods without recognising parallels and synergies between their respective fields. Instead, we advocate increased collaboration between these two scientific communities to improve the long-term health of forests. Our arguments are that the pathways of entry of exotic pests and pathogens are often the same and that insects and fungi often coexist in the same affected trees. Innovative methods for preventing invasions, early detection and identification of non-native species, modelling of their impact and spread and prevention of damage by increasing the resistance of ecosystems can be shared for the management of both pests and diseases. We, therefore, make recommendations to foster this convergence, proposing in particular the development of interdisciplinary research programmes, the development of generic tools or methods for pest and pathogen management and capacity building for the education and training of students, managers, decision-makers and citizens concerned with forest health. ; The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ; http://neobiota.pensoft.net ; am2021 ; Biochemistry ; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) ; Genetics ; Microbiology and Plant Pathology