Suchergebnisse

The economic advancement of emerging markets such as China, Brazil, and India has been regarded as one of the benefits of a globalized world. This paper revisits and evaluates the Uppsala model to teases out the process, speed, determinants, and challenges of early internationalization approaches of firms in transition and emerging markets (TEMs). Applying Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this article collects, disintegrates, and categorizes previous studies, synthesizing the theoretical models to shed light on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) characteristics, behaviour, and motives to internationalise, as well as the approaches to internationalisation. This method identified 183 articles published between 2008–2018 from 84 international journals. A triad (a set of three related things) highlights the three main features of the Integrated Uppsala Model including the basic assumptions, influential factors, and competitive strategies of firms. The findings suggest that the institutional–legal environment constitutes key barriers that firms in TEMs must overcome to develop an early internationalization strategy. It appears that internationalization literature focusing on emerging markets is biased towards China. The review identifies a need for future studies to (i) focus on emerging markets firms in Africa and South America; and (ii), provide a cross-country analysis and evaluation of internationalization strategies of TEMs.

AbstractThe study aimed to examine the barriers to embracing enzymatic processing in the garment industry in a developing country. We used the case of Bangladesh, which has the largest garment sector in the world. The research used semistructured interviews with 10 high‐profile figures in the industry, comprising scientists, manufacturers, enzyme traders, and policymakers. We found economic, sociocultural, informational, and policy‐related barriers to the adoption of enzymatic processing. Attending to each element would benefit manufacturers primarily; this will help identify its strengths and weaknesses to ensure the effective implementation of enzymatic textile processing to obtain optimum results. The study also found that manufacturers' desire to help improve environmental performance is a factor, which could motivate them in adopting green manufacturing innovation. It is expected that regulatory frameworks that encourage innovation—particularly from high social responsiveness and compliances as well as economic and financial incentives—would motivate manufacturers to develop sustainable environmental management strategies that enhance their ability to compete in global markets.

AbstractIn today's global marketplace, small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly looking at internationalisation strategies to boost growth, profitability, and competitiveness. However, challenges, such as, sociocultural differences, political institutions, limited resources, competitive challenges, market threats, and economic and technological barriers all hinder SMEs from entering and competing favourably in the international markets. Considering the important link between lack of resources and internationalisation of SMEs, this study examined economic and technology‐related barriers of SMEs internationalisation from a neglected yet emerging market context in Bangladesh. To compare the relative importance of these two particular categories of barriers, this study developed and validated a partial least square‐based structural equation model (PLS‐SEM) with primary data gathered from questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. The findings of the paper suggest that technology‐related barriers seem slightly more influential than economic barriers. As the difference is very low, importance should be given to both types of barriers as found. Conceptually, this study extends this area of research by reframing economic and technology‐related barriers of internationalisation as a hierarchical reflective model within an emerging economy context. Empirically, it confirms that PLS‐SEM can be used to compare the relative importance of these two types of barriers. Practically, policy makers can give slightly more priorities on the technology‐related barriers where it is not possible to give equal importance to both because of limited resource and research neglect on developing economies.

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the challenges faced by women in participating in digital economic activities in Bangladesh and explore solutions to the challenges encountered by women while engaging in digital economic activities in Bangladesh. A qualitative approach was employed with 16 women directly involved in digital economic activities and research interviewed. These interviews provided rich qualitative data and outlined some challenges and possible solutions to promote women's engagement in the digital economy in Bangladesh. Key challenges identified were a lack of technological knowledge and interest, higher costs and inflation, higher interest rates on loans, a complicated loans process, male domination, lower government support, and few digital educational programs. Solutions proposed included: training and development programs, increased seminars and symposiums, more government funding, interest‐free loans, a simple loan process, technological education, as well as the establishment of childcare centers. Henceforth, the current offers theoretical and practical implications.

AbstractDrawing on social exchange theory (SET), this paper examines the gap in the application of green human resource management practices and its effectiveness on millennial employees' retention. This study employed quantitative analysis based on surveys using a sample of 389 respondents from different small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in the Dhaka Division of Bangladesh. The results show a positive relationship between green training and development and green reward and millennial employees' retention. However, the results show a negative relationship between green recruitment and selection, green involvement, green performance management and millennial employees' retention. Additionally, we found that applying green training and development and green reward are most beneficial both individually and organisationally. This study's contribution to SET is referred to as 'green creativity climate' as we have found it to be a significant moderator that helps business leaders and HR practitioners understand which green practices are most effective in retaining the services of an elusive part of the workforce such as millennial employees. Our proposed model highlights how a green creativity climate can foster a new social exchange bond between SMEs and millennials and thereby mitigate against the resource difficulties and performance deficits partly triggered by millennial turnovers.

AbstractDrawing on behavioural theory of the firm, this study examines internationalisation of rural small‐and‐medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria and its impacts on social and organisational development. To examine how SME internationalisation affects societal and organisational development, the study collects cross‐sectional data using a structured questionnaire from 304 rural SMEs drawn from several sectors in Nigeria. Applying a partial least square based structural equation modelling, we tested the social and organisational impact of rural SMEs internationalisation. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between societal and organisational performances and internationalisation of SMEs. Both scores were significantly positively correlated with the internationalisation of SMEs in rural Nigeria. The study argues that internationalisation of rural SMEs' reflects on organisational progress and societal progress in terms of improving rural people's life. The findings of the study will act as the reference point to academicians and policymakers by which they could assess how internationalisation of rural SMEs matters for rural people's life and can strive to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth.

PurposeResponsive educational approaches focus on a set of well-designed practices intended to create engaging, social cohesion, better knowledge outcomes and excellent students' experience. Therefore, this paper aims to engage in the discourse of the intersection of psych-sociology of learning and student's engagement, connected to the sense of belonging and theory of planned behaviour (TPB).Design/methodology/approachBy applying an ethnographic approach and interviews of 45 international students from three UK business schools, it proposes that a sense of "belongingness" is a prerequisite for learning, personal and professional development. Owing to the exploratory nature of the subject, the use of qualitative methodology turned out to be particularly useful. Indeed, the conduct of in-depth semi-structured interviews, participative observation enabled us to access perceptions of students and compare different points of view.FindingsThe findings indicate that international students measure their experience by "sense of belonging", integration and engagement on many interrelated and influential factors. English proficiency and employability skills are the major concerns. The kinds of support they received from their faculties and the quality of feedback from tutors are important for international studies integration and sense of belonging.Originality/valueThe findings of the critical elements of the engagement and experience of international students have both policy and practical implications given the high demand for UK universities by foreign students. Although, this paper is based on findings from UK higher education institutions, the insights are of relevance to many countries such as Australia, Canada, Germany, France and the USA, who have a significant proportion of overseas students.

AbstractThis study explores women's barriers to accessing leadership positions within non‐listed private companies in Bangladesh, drawing on the Gendered Organization Theory (GOT) as a conceptual framework. This research seeks some possible solutions to overcome these barriers. The study adopts a two‐wave qualitative methodology: semi‐structured interviews with 16 women professionals and subsequent focus‐group discussions to explore solutions. Results reveal that women face significant barriers, such as long working hours, gender pay gaps, unclear responsibilities, biased promotion processes, lack of training, and sexual harassment. These barriers are conceptualized in terms of implicit and explicit gender biases. Research participants emphasized individual efforts like self‐determination, upskilling, job switching, technology leveraging, and family support as key factors in overcoming these obstacles. The study underscores the need for organizational and governmental interventions to promote female leadership and gender equity in non‐listed companies in developing countries.

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to examine the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM) practices such as green recruitment, green training, green performance management, green reward, green involvement and millennial employee retention in the hotel industry in Bangladesh. The study examined the moderating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between GHRM practices and millennials' retention. This study used a survey questionnaire of 394 employees in Bangladeshi 3‐star to 5‐star hotels to test hypotheses using SmartPLS. The study found that green reward and green training have significant relationships with millennials' retention in hotels. The results showed psychological empowerment as a significant moderator on the relationship between three GHRM practices, green training, green performance management, green and reward and millennials' retention. With significant environmental degradation in South‐Asia, this study establishes GHRM can reconcile environmental regeneration and business strategy in the hotel industry, whose environmental footprint is increasingly under scrutiny.