Suchergebnisse

This study attempted to develop a happiness index tool for evaluating rehabilitation initiatives used to reinstate returnees at district Swat, Pakistan. The Happiness Index (HI) tool compares two periods, i.e., HI before rehabilitation (BR) and HI after rehabilitation (AR). The returnees' happiness index (RHI) is also compared with Pakistan's Happiness Index to identify the difference. Data for this study were elicited from 382 respondents through a structured survey questionnaire. The results show that after rehabilitation (AR), the returnees' happiness index improved from 3.89 to 5.36, which is still less than the world happiness index of Pakistan, i.e., 5.65 in 2019. This study concluded that rehabilitation projects had a significantly positive impact on the HI of the returnees. However, more effective and sustainable initiatives are required to align the RHI to the HI of Pakistan. Further, the RHI tool adopted by this study is significant for measuring the happiness of the marginalized and affected people in Pakistan and beyond.

Development of renewable energy is important to modern society because climate change induced from fossil use has resulted in severe and possibly irreversible environmental impacts such as sea level rise, desertification, diminished land productivity, and increased possibility of extreme events. Therefore, the utilization of renewable and clean energy not only increases regional energy security but also alleviate the environmental risk. In this study, we employ the lifecycle assessment to examine the electricity generation from the use of municipal solid waste in China, and then investigate the emission reduction from this application. Different supply patterns of the wastes are also compared to make the results more robust. The results show that if recycled wastes are fully utilized, approximately 11,107 GWh can be generated, along with a profit of $1.2 billion from energy sales. In this case, the CO2 emission will reduce by 9.7 million metric tons. If the food waste is used in compositing and animal feed, the net power generation and emission reduction are about 8,216 GWh and 7.32 million metric tons, respectively. If additional 30% of recycled wastes are assumed to be utilized in their past use, the power generation, profit, and emission reduction will further decrease to 5,750 GWh, $697 million, and 5.12 metric tons, respectively. The results point out that the utilization of recycled wastes can effectively reduce the reliance on fossil fuels, improve energy security, and increase social welfare. Insights of the results and policy implications are also discussed in detail.

The use of econometric models for policy planning and
decision-making is wide-spread in many developed as well as developing
countries. One of the most vexing problems of such an exercise is to
construct a model that could adequately reproduce the dynamic behaviour
of an economy. The recent experience in modelling has shown that policy
objectives could be achieved only by recognising the complex
relationship between real and monetary variables. Such an integrated
framework .could be used not only to compute impact and dynamic
multipliers and to determine the stability of the model, but also to
evaluate the relative importance offiscal and monetary policies. In the
present paper, this objective is achieved by constructing a linear yet
dynamic macro-econometric model of Pakistan's economy.' This model
although has a Keynesian structure, but it could easily and meaningfully
be solved to determine the values of endogenous variables especially
income in terms of pure exogenous variables. In order to establish the
dynamic stability of the model, we seek to present the "necessary
conditions" that will depend not only on the structure of the model, but
also on the estimated paramters of structural equations. After
establishing the stability of the model, the next step is policy
evaluation. In this regard the impact and the dynamic multipliers will
be computed. These multipliers will then be used to assess the relative
importance of fiscal and monetary policy variables on income and other
dependent variables such as consumption and investment. The time period
under consideration ranges between 1959-60 and 1987-88 which includes
dramatic events like two wars with India, nationalisation, the oil price
hike, recession and floods.

Purpose
This study aims to examine the influence of team-level green human resource management practices (TGHRM) on team-level green creative behavior (TGCB) through team green psychological climate (TGPC). Additionally, it delves into the moderating effects of ethical leadership (EL) and green culture (GC) on the relationships among team-level GHRM, TGPC and TGCB.


Design/methodology/approach
Using a cross-sectional design, data were gathered from hotel teams and were analyzed using the PROCESS model.


Findings
The results indicate that TGHRM significantly impacts TGCB via TGPC. Moreover, the study provides partial evidence supporting the moderating roles of EL and GC in the relationships between TGHRM, TGPC and TGCB.


Practical implications
These findings offer valuable insights for managers and practitioners. They highlight the potential to enhance TGCB by implementing GHRM practices, nurturing a TGPC and cultivating both EL and a GC within teams.


Originality/value
This research addresses a gap in the literature, focusing on the effects of TGHRM on TGCB and shedding light on the intertwined social and psychological processes. Further, it broadens the discourse by analyzing the moderating influence of EL and GC in the dynamics between TGHRM, TGPC and TGCB.

PurposeThe present study aims to examine the current digital information literacy (DIL) skills of female online shoppers in Lahore city of Pakistan. Data were gathered from a purposive sampling of women, aged between 20–50 years who were buying products online, not from the traditional retail stores. Out of 309 received questionnaires, 269 responses were useable and were utilized for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to deduce inferences.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research approach was employed for this study, and a survey was conducted to collect the data from the study's respondents. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used.FindingsResults revealed that the digital information literacy skills of women were good to a moderate level. However, they were not confident in applying advanced searching options. In accordance with what was hypothesized in a directional hypothesis, DIL was found to be a strong predictor of online shopping behavior of women, consequently highlighting the importance of such competencies in modern life. Other findings illustrate that participating women rarely engaged in online shopping and felt hesitation in using credit/debit card for online transactions.Research limitations/implicationsThese observations highlight the important role of information professionals in creating digital literacy among different population groups, specifically women, by planning digital information instruction through courses, workshops and trainings. This could eventually be possible with the dynamic role of librarians or information professionals in the society.Originality/valueThe present study adopts the unique approach of measuring online shopping behavior of female shoppers in connection with their digital information literacy skills.

Objectives of the study: The basic purpose of the study is to analyse the study on risk factors, vaccination status and outcome of tetanus in Pakistan. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted in Combined Military Hospital, Multan during December 2018 to May 2019. The data was collected from 200 children of both genders. The diagnosis of tetanus was clinical, based on medical history and examination, determining the presence of at least three of the following clinical findings: severe trismus, refusal to feed, generalised muscle rigidity, opisthotonus or spontaneous tetanic spasms. Blood samples were taken within one hour of admission. Laboratory measurements included full blood count, electrolytes, creatinine and glucose. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients. There were 67(63.5%) males and 33 (36.5%) females. Overall, the mean age was 6.56+3.15 years, and the commonest age group at presentation was 6-10 years with 38(51.4%) cases. 50(67%) were unvaccinated, none (0%) had received booster dose and post-trauma immune prophyl axis. The case fatality was therefore 61.8%, and did not vary significantly over the 14 years (P = 0.536). Conclusion: It is concluded that this study has documented high case fatality rates in Pediatric tetanus in the study area.

Chapter1: Managing Carbon Cycle Linkage to Livelihood in HKH Region -- Chapter2: Climate Change Mitigation and Pastoral Livelihood in the Hindu Kush Himalaya Region: Research Focuses, Opportunities and Challenges -- Chapter3: Tracking of Vegetation Carbon Dynamics from 2001 to 2016 by MODIS GPP in HKH region -- Chapter4: Livelihood and Carbon Management by Indigenous People in Southern Himalayas -- Chapter5: Effects of Different Grassland Management Patterns on Soil Properties on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau -- Chapter6: Carbon Management of the Livestock Industry in the HKH Region -- Chapter7: Wetlands as a Carbon Sink: Insight into the Himalayan Region -- Chapter8: Milk and Dung Production by Yaks (Poephagus grunniens): Important Products for the Livelihood of the Herders and for Carbon Recycling on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau -- Chapter9: Interactive Mechanism of Service Function of Ecosystems and the Effect of Climate Change to the Service Function of Ecosystem in Alpine Grassland of Tibetan Plateau -- Chapter10: Prospects of Biochar for Carbon Sequestration and Livelihood Improvement in the Tibetan Grasslands -- Chapter11: Optimizing the Alpine Grazing System to Improve Carbon Management and Livelihood for Tibetan Herders -- Chapter12: Promoting Artificial Grasslands to Improve Carbon Sequestration and Livelihood of Herders -- Chapter13: Prospects for REDD+ Financing in Promoting Forest Sustainable Management in HKH -- Chapter14: Designing Water Resource Use for Poverty Reduction in the HKH Region: Institutional and Policy Perspectives -- Chapter15: Indigenous Practice in Agro-pastoralism and Carbon Management from a Gender Perspective: A Case from Nepal -- Chapter16: Adaptation by Herders on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Response to Climate Change and Policy Reforms: the Implications for Carbon Sequestration and Livelihoods -- Chapter17: Developing Linkages for Carbon Sequestration, Livelihoods and Ecosystem Service Provision in Mountain Landscapes--Challenges and Opportunities in the Himalaya Hindu Kush (HKH) Region -- Chapter18: Experience for Future Good Practice and Policy of Combined Carbon Management and Livelihood in HKH Region

The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased psychological issues such as excessive social media networking sites usage (SMNSU), loneliness, social anxiety, and depression. In this quantitative study, we examined how SMNSU can directly and indirectly influence depression, with loneliness and social anxiety examined as mediator variables. A 39-item questionnaire was used to collect survey data on SMNSU, loneliness, social anxiety, and depression from 244 blended learning undergraduate students from universities in the Hunan province in China. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was conducted using SmartPLS 3.3.3 to measure the relationships between the stated variables of interest. Results indicated that SMNSU has a direct, significant, and positive relationship with depression. In terms of mediating effects, both loneliness and social anxiety have an intervening role in the association between SMNSU and depression. This study focused on the higher education sector of China by recruiting students who were enrolled in blended learning courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and experiencing psychological problems. We found that excessive SMNSU is associated with depression. Loneliness and social anxiety also increase depression along with excessive SMNSU among blended learning students during unprecedented situations, in this case, the COVID-19 pandemic. The valuable implications of these findings for teachers, counselors, and university managers are discussed, along with a consideration of future research directions.

The main purpose of this research is to find the relationship between market risk, Exchange rate, Interest rate, and bank stock returns in Pakistan. The KSE-100 index used as Market risk, US dollar against Pak rupees used as Exchange rate, three-month T-bill rate used as the interest rate and the continuously compounded return used as banks stock return. The time-series data from January 2007 to December 2018 is used in this study. The ordinary least square (OLS) method is used to check the relationship between bank stock return, market risk, interest rate, and Exchange rate. The result of this shows that market risk is positively significant, exchange rate rarely negatively significant, and the interest rate insignificant exempt of one bank. When the prices of the stock market are increasing the bank stock prices also increase. These empirical findings are helpful for the policymaker, investor, banking management as well as Government.

The main purpose of this research is to find the relationship between market risk, Exchange rate, Interest rate, and bank stock returns in Pakistan. The KSE-100 index used as Market risk, US dollar against Pak rupees used as Exchange rate, three-month T-bill rate used as the interest rate and the continuously compounded return used as banks stock return. The time-series data from January 2007 to December 2018 is used in this study. The ordinary least square (OLS) method is used to check the relationship between bank stock return, market risk, interest rate, and Exchange rate. The result of this shows that market risk is positively significant, exchange rate rarely negatively significant, and the interest rate insignificant exempt of one bank. When the prices of the stock market are increasing the bank stock prices also increase. These empirical findings are helpful for the policymaker, investor, banking management as well as Government. ; El objetivo principal de esta investigación es encontrar la relación entre el riesgo de mercado, el tipo de cambio, la tasa de interés y el rendimiento de las acciones bancarias en Pakistán. El índice KSE-100 se utilizó como riesgo de mercado, el dólar estadounidense frente a las rupias de Pakistán se usó como tipo de cambio, la tasa de T-bill a tres meses se usó como tasa de interés y el rendimiento compuesto continuo se usó como rendimiento de acciones de los bancos. Los datos de series de tiempo de enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2018 se utilizan en este estudio. El método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (OLS) se utiliza para verificar la relación entre el rendimiento de las acciones bancarias, el riesgo de mercado, la tasa de interés y la tasa de cambio. El resultado de esto muestra que el riesgo de mercado es positivamente significativo, la tasa de cambio rara vez es significativamente negativa y la tasa de interés es exenta de importancia de un banco. Cuando los precios del mercado de valores están aumentando, los precios de las acciones bancarias también aumentan. Estos hallazgos empíricos son útiles para los responsables políticos, los inversionistas, la administración bancaria y el gobierno. ; O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é encontrar a relação entre risco de mercado, taxa de câmbio, taxa de juros e retornos de ações bancárias no Paquistão. O índice KSE-100 usado como risco de mercado, dólar norte-americano contra rupias de Pak usado como taxa de câmbio, taxa T de três meses usada como taxa de juros e retorno continuamente combinado usado como retorno de ações de bancos. Os dados de séries temporais de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2018 são usados neste estudo. O método de mínimos quadrados ordinários (OLS) é usado para verificar a relação entre retorno de ações bancárias, risco de mercado, taxa de juros e taxa de câmbio. O resultado disso mostra que o risco de mercado é positivamente significativo, a taxa de câmbio raramente é negativamente significativa e a taxa de juros insignificante isenta de um banco. Quando os preços do mercado de ações estão aumentando, os preços das ações do banco também aumentam. Essas descobertas empíricas são úteis para o formulador de políticas, o investidor, o gerenciamento bancário e o governo.