Suchergebnisse

Saisir le caractère spécifique de la politique de Vichy à l'égard des Juifs, de 1940 à 1944, exige de creuser dans trois strates successives. La première correspond à l'invention, en 1789, du concept de citoyenneté fondée sur le contrat, et au conflit, encore non résolu en 1940, entre ce concept, dominant du point de vue du droit, et le concept opposé, de citoyenneté fondée sur les origines. Deuxième strate : on doit analyser la position absolument singulière de la France en 1940, car c'est le seul régime d'armistice de l'Europe sous la domination nazie.

This paper originated as part of a panel in which the author's intended role was to bring comparative perspectives formed in the study of other parts of Hitler-dominated Europe to bear upon the German opposition to Hitler. After giving hard thought to my comparative assignment, I came to the conclusion that internal opposition, as in Germany between 1933 and 1945, is fundamentally incomparable to resistance to a foreign occupation. The constraints of patriotism and the problems of legitimacy that face a domestic opposition, especially in wartime, are of an altogether different order than the more narrowly corporeal dangers facing resistance to a foreign occupation. Very few even of the most determined opponents of Hitler were willing to accept the defeat of the German Army or the overthrow of the German state as necessary for Hitler's removal, while very few resisters outside Germany believed that his removal could be accomplished in any other way. Such unbridgeable differences of perception make comparative discussion of resistance to Hitler inside and outside Germany so general as to be of little use. I have even used different terms here, referring to struggles against foreign occupation as "resistance" and to the anti-Hitler movements within Germany as "opposition."

Eine zeitgeschichtliche, vergleichende Analyse der verschiedenen faschistischen Bewegungen des 21. Jahrhunderts, vor allem in Italien und Deutschland. Bietet neben einer Typologie und einem Stufenschema auch die Anwendung auf neofaschistische Strömungen nach dem 2. Weltkrieg. (Jürgen Plieninger)