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This book attempts to provide an effective strategy for industrial development based on the KAIZEN management training experiments conducted in Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and Tanzania. We focus on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in industrial clusters, because clusters consisting of MSEs are ubiquitous and have high potential to grow.

This book attempts to provide an effective strategy for industrial development based on the KAIZEN management training experiments conducted in Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and Tanzania. We focus on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in industrial clusters, because clusters consisting of MSEs are ubiquitous and have high potential to grow.

In order to reduce widespread and persistent poverty, employment opportunities must be generated for the poor by developing labor-intensive industries. Based on a comparative study of eight industrial clusters in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, this book seeks an effective strategy to develop industrial clusters. The key to the success of cluster-based industrial development is found to be multi-faceted innovations of product quality, marketing, and enterprise management as well as learning from abroad. The authors use original enterprise data collected in Vietnam, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Ethiopia, and identify similarities and differences in the development patterns between Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. By emphasizing the roles of traders and managerial human capital in generating innovations, the volume recommends training programs to facilitate the formation of managerial human capital, which plays a vital role in achieving such multi-faceted innovations. This book is essential reading for all interested in economic development and industrial policy.

This book draws on the experiences of different countries in Asia and Africa, discussing a number of mechanisms to achieve efficient interactions between state, market, and community, 'How to combine the community, the market, and the state in the total economic system is probably the most important agenda for economists geared towards the reduction of poverty in developing economies'. - Professor Yujiro Hayami This volume brings together leading scholars from all around the world to examine and extend Professor Hayami's development model of 'community, market and state', and to pay tribute to his invaluable contribution to economics. The authors provide new empirical analysis with a clear focus on the role of the community in economic development, and its relations with agricultural markets, industrialization and the government, using primary data from major countries in Asia and Africa. This book is indispensable reading for all interested in development economics, government and market studies and international development studies

Today, agrifood systems are undergoing remarkable changes, reflected in the modernization of food value chains and rural transformation responding to urbanization, income growth, and expansion of international trade. At the same time, agrifood systems are expected to contribute to a wide range of development goals, reaching beyond agricultural productivity growth and food security. Thus this book has examined key issues using new lenses reflecting the rapidly changing world, such as nutrition, household decision-making behavior (related not only to gender but also to credit and insurance), natural resource management (including land, forests, and water), climate change, reprioritization of agricultural research, and political economy. Major findings from regional chapters (Chapters 3–7) were summarized in Chapter 8, while this chapter aims to synthesize the thematic chapters (Chapters 9–21). We highlight priority areas for action to reshape agrifood systems for achieving multiple development goals, including reductions in poverty and malnutrition, without harming the environment. ; PR ; IFPRI4 ; DGO

Information spillovers from multinational enterprises to local firms in developing countries are examined in the literature on global value chains and foreign direct investment. However, global value chain studies and foreign direct investment studies are carried out independently and separately. While global value chain studies describe an important mechanism that underlies the productivity improvements of local firms in developing countries, most foreign direct investment studies attempt to assess econometrically the impacts on the productivity of local firms. This survey article concludes that an integrated approach incorporating the insightful perspective of global value chain studies into the empirical approach of foreign direct investment studies will likely reveal the channel through which information spillovers lead to the productivity improvements of local firms in developing countries.

The production of habutae, a simple silk fabric, expanded rapidly between 1890 and 1918 in Japan's Fukui Prefecture, with large exports to Europe and the United States. The production of habutae, initially woven by hand, was labour intensive, but it gradually became capital‐intensive after the introduction of power looms. Production and export of this fabric declined precipitously from 1918. In this paper, we attribute the rise and then fall of Japan's production and export of habutae to its changing comparative advantage, which is associated with shifts from labour‐using to capital‐using production technology initiated in the United States.

More often than not, manufacturing industries are clustered in small areas in developing economies of Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). While agglomeration economies arising from low transaction costs are a clear advantage of industrial clusters, a drawback is the ease of imitation, which leads to the gap between social and private benefits of innovation. An important observation is that multifaceted innovation, consisting of the quality improvement of products, improved internal management, and the introduction of new marketing systems, takes place in many industrial clusters in Asia, but such innovation seldom occurs in SSA. This article attributes this to greater endowment of entrepreneurial human capital, and increased possibility of learning advanced technologies and management methods from neighboring countries in Asia than in SSA. This article also discusses evidence suggesting that multifaceted innovation can be stimulated by offering management training to entrepreneurs in SSA.

TheKiryū silk weaving district, located 200 kilometres north ofTokyo, has been one of the most advanced silk weaving districts since theTokugawa period (1603–1868). In the 1870s, it was a pioneer in the export of silk products from Japan and the leading producer of traditionalJapanesekimonoandobi(sash belts) for domestic markets. This study finds that the developmental process of theKiryū district from 1895 to 1930 can be divided into at least two phases, that is, one of gradual growth based on an inter‐firm division of labour using hand looms and one of dynamic development based on the factory system using power looms. Weaving manufacturers‐cum‐contractors pioneered gradual growth by sub‐contracting with rural village out‐weavers and with a number of specialized, supporting firms inKiryū town, and grew faster than factory production systems. New joint‐stock firms played the role of genuine entrepreneurs by introducing power looms, thereby realizing significant economies of scale. During this new phase, the weaving manufacturers‐cum‐contractors survived and also introduced new production systems.

ABSTRACTIn order to explore the conditions for successful communal irrigation management, this study investigates the determinants of household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels and the availability of water. By using household-level data collected in a large-scale gravity irrigation scheme in Uganda, whose management was transferred from the government to the community, we find that household contributions to the cleaning of irrigation channels are determined by the scarcity of irrigation water, the opportunity cost of labor and the private benefit associated with plot size. We also find that the availability of irrigation water increases in the tertiary irrigation canal where the coefficient of variation of plot size is large, which may indicate that farmers of larger plots are particularly active in water management. These findings suggest that farmers are responsive to private benefits and, hence, the support of the government for communities to implement punishment may be effective for successful irrigation management.