Suchergebnisse

The main domestic political event of 2022 for the Republic of Abkhazia was the parliamentary elections held on March 12 and 26. It's indicative that only 7 deputies (out of 35) of the previous convocation were re-elected. At least 23 members of the new parliament can be considered pro-government. The opposition is fragmented, but the pro-government forces cannot be considered united. The request for the formation of a "third force" isn't satisfied. Crisis phenomena in the socio-political and economic spheres continue to have a destabilizing effect on the situation in the republic, some positive changes and implemented projects don't have a decisive impact. Domestic political stability and the sustainability of the existing system of power remain vulnerable.

The practice of social budgeting in Ukrainian healthcare sector requires certain improvement. This is determined by a number of factors: the limitedness of principles and simplification of the mechanisms for formation the budgets of medical institutions; the disregard for demographic factors, importance of which is growing in the context of the Pandemic-19; and the conduct of military actions on the territory of Ukraine. The article defines the theoretical foundations of the organization of healthcare social budget and the institutional characteristics of its improvement. The budgeting process in the country's healthcare system is considered, including the history of healthcare reform, and its inconsistency with the needs of the population in medical treatment is noted. Risks in the healthcare budgeting process mostly emerge because of the disregard for demographic factors of population's morbidity whose impact on budgeting significantly increases in the current crisis situation in Ukraine. Therefore, the problem of balancing local budgets and determining the amount of financial assistance based on an improved normative approach seems to be relevant. The aim of the article is to implement the problem of financial stabilization of the healthcare system based on the cost elasticity depending on demographic factors. The novelty of it is the theoretical substantiation and modeling of financial processes, taking into account the age-sex structure of the population. Along with the deductive one, the probabilistic research method was used. As a new approach to the organization of healthcare social budget, a funding model based on gender and age is proposed. A medical and demographic matrix has been developed that allows to perform various operative financial calculations and determine the cost of medical treatment of the population depending on the structure and dynamics of demographic factors.

Further development of preschool education is associated with the introduction of innovative educational technologies, the use of modern methods and tools for the functioning of preschool institutions, improving their structure and strengthening the resource base. It is important to realize that the assessment of the quality of education in preschool institutions is a motivational tool for the implementation of these global trends. It confirms the critical importance and economic efficiency of the early development of children for their future life prospects from the point of view of pedagogy and psychophysiology. An independent assessment of the quality of curriculum is the most important means of informing society about making cardinal decisions about the future development of the preschool education system. The purpose of the article is to determine the conditions for creating an adequate environment for the development of the preschool contingent of children, taking into account the experience of foreign countries. The research methods are analog, tabular, variations for the analysis of quantitative changes in the value of the studied feature (budget costs). Novelty. The results obtained during the study, primarily on the development of subject-resource environment of preschool institutions, as well as the characteristics of scales for assessing the quality of preschool education provide an opportunity to improve the strategy of preschool education, adjust educational programs and improve the professional level of preschool teachers. The statistic contains the characteristic «Scales for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of education in preschool organizations». Analytical assessments of the basic components of educational robots for preschool mortgages. In order to use them to assess the quality of educational activities of preschool organizations, the emphasis is shifted from analyzing learning outcomes to determining the potential of the resource base of preschool institutions. In the absence of reliable guarantees from the state for obtaining high-quality preschool education, certain steps are proposed aimed at leveling the starting opportunities for access to education in modern preschool institutions.

The education sector in Ukraine, as in most other countries of the world, is facing a global challenge due to the spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Educational institutions are in an emergency situation and are forced to switch to distance or mixed learning. As a result, there were difficulties with the implementation of a new alternative model, according to which educational institutions have started to work and provide a wide range of their services. The purpose and novelty of the article is a systematic generalization of the results of the extreme mode of operation of educational institutions during the pandemic to adapt them to the extraordinary situation of functioning and further development. The method of research is the systematization of empirical data on individual practices of different types of educational institutions and, on this ground, determination of the possibility of combining in a holistic operation mechanism in terms of the social justice and effi ciency principles. Th e article analyzes the readiness of the education system for distance learning in the context of a pandemic, determines positions for the regulation and sustainable adjustment of educational institutions, ensuring fair access for various segments of society to online resources, the formation of positive scenarios for the education functioning in the epidemic and post-epidemic period. The paper uses the main theoretical positions formulated in the monograph "COVID 19. Great Overload" by Klaus Schwab, economist, founder and president of the World Economic Forum in Davos since 1971, and his co-author Thierry Muller, a publicist and researcher. One of the main provisions concerning education and its long-term development is that the current crisis is forcing society to realize that most decisions are based on moral and fair choices, and that in the future it is possible to move away from personal interests and create a more harmonious society. The UN materials on the analysis of the COVID-19 consequences for the education system and its reconstruction in the future are also used. The study identifies the dynamics of processes throughout the pandemic. Positive and problematic practices are given. The findings obtained from research and experience can be the basis for developing measures to help education institutions to overcome the "transition period". The key factors of their stability are the general education services (digital libraries, online education platforms), mobilization of teaching and student contingents to work in new conditions, compliance of financial and distribution mechanisms with the requirements of the time.

There is a steady trend in the wide range of literature on the study of institutions: the definition of theoretical judgments often does not coincide and is not combined with the definition of general connections and patterns, which leads to ignoring the principle of systematic analysis of socio-economic processes. Indirectly, this means the priority of the random (individual) over the whole and general. Meanwhile, the concept of an institution correlates with the specific content of a phenomenon or process and is supplemented by a generalized and systematic approach. The study of such an urgent problem of the market economy as institutional choice through non-profit organizations requires the extension of the analysis not only to governmental but also to non-governmental structures, which are an element of the whole. In this regard, the article provides a historical overview of the development of nonprofit organizations and charitable activities as a large-scale social phenomenon, which made it possible to draw attention to the possibility of using the experience of past years for the purposeful organization of non-state institutions of charity, including by improving social partnerships. Analysis of the current state of non-profit organizations in Ukraine, despite the growth in their number, shows a decrease in the volume of charitable activities. In recent years, the country has taken certain steps to improve charity. However, this is not enough. The institutional environment for philanthropy needs to be improved. The solution to this problem is possible with the active influence of the state on the management of non-commercial activities. Improving the tools of functioning, financing, as well as increasing attention to the development of statistics in this area of activity is considered relevant. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to identify pressing issues and ways to improve charitable organizations. The solution to this problem is possible with the active influence of the state on the management of non-profit activities. The development of the institutional framework of the nonprofit sector of the economy means the improvement of financial reporting, greater openness of charitable organizations, streamlining of their legal relations, liberalized taxation and strengthened control over the activities of non-profit organizations. The article pays special attention to the problem of accumulation and distribution of charitable funds. The potential of charitable organizations can be expanded by shifting the focus of their regulation away from predominantly corporate to regional administration, which increases the importance of the institution of partnership in the development of charity. The article uses historical and logical methods, which allowed to study the formation and development of non-profit organizations in the evolutionary aspect.

The article examines the political and socio-economic processes in Abkhazia in 2015. Special attention is given signed in November 2014 the Russian-Abkhaz Treaty on strategic partnership. Also examines the political process in Abkhazia, including the confrontation between the authorities and opposition, as well as the formation of new parties, claiming to be the third force. Given the short-term forecast of the situation in the Republic.

The structure of pharmaceutical constituent of medical insurance is formed and intercommunications between subjects and objects of this structure are determined. The model of structure of the Government Fund of Medical Insurance on the base of information of the informative systems of Tax Department of Ukraine is offered. Three-level structure of forming and distributing of insurance facilities of medical fund was created. The model of operative introduction of the personal medical identification codes of physical and juridical persons is developed. ; Сформирована структура фармацевтической составляющей медицинского страхования и определены взаимосвязи между субъектами и объектами данной структуры. Предложена модель структуры государственного фонда медицинского страхования на базе данных информационных сис­тем налоговой службы Украины. Создана трехуровневая структура формирования и распределения страховых средств медицинского фонда. Разработана модель оперативного внедрения персональных медицинских идентификационных кодов юридических и физических лиц.

The article examines the impact of the special military operation (SVO) in Ukraine on the foreign and domestic policies of the Republic of Abkhazia. The authors point to the factors that determine the positioning of Abkhazia in relation to SVO in a broad historical context. In particular, the Georgian-Ukrainian alliance is shown during the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992-1993, within the framework of post-Soviet supranational entities (GUUAM bloc), as well as during the "color revolutions" of 2003-2004. In addition, the issue of Abkhazia's relationship to the people's republics of Donbass before the SVO was considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the reaction of the Abkhaz leadership and society to the Russian-Georgian "warming" and the possibility of opening a "second front" against Abkhazia. The phenomenon of the Abkhaz volunteer movement (the international brigade "Pyatnashka") and its influence on Abkhaz political life are examined separately.

The article examines the course of the 2022 presidential election campaign in the Republic of South Ossetia. The course of the campaign itself is described, portraits of the main candidates for the presidency are given. Separately, the reasons for the loss of the current president Anatoly Bibilov and the victory of Alan Gagloev are analyzed. The first steps of Gagloev at the presidential post are also considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the issue of the possibility of holding a referendum on the accession of South Ossetia to the Russian Federation. This issue is considered not only through the prism of the domestic policy of South Ossetia, but also from the standpoint of Russian policy in the Caucasus.

The role of economics as a component of economics of health care is certain. The review of statistical data of functioning of the system of health care of Ukraine and comparative characteristic of distributing of social funds of state insurance in ES countries are presented. Collected statistical data were the base for the theoretical calculation of level of rate of tax of population of Ukraine for creation of medical insurance fund with condition of imposition of obligatory medical insurance. ; Определена роль фармакоэкономики как составляющей экономики здравоохранения. Представлен обзор статистических данных функционирования системы здравоохранения Укра­ины и дана сравнительная характеристика распределения социальных фондов государственного страхования в странах ЕС. На основании собранных статистических данных проведен теорети­ческий расчет уровня ставки налогообложения населения Украины для создания медицинского страхового фонда при условии введения обязательного медицинского страхования.

In order to solve political and economical problems of FEC deregulation and increase its efficiency the authors suggest the mechanism using options. It is based on the substitution of state regulation by the system of private legal obligations of the proprietors of existing assets to their consumers. It is proposed that the proprietors of newly created assets will be free from these obligations as well as from natural monopolies regulation.