Suchergebnisse

Municipalities in many regions of Canada have regulated vehicle-for-hire services. With the rise of ride-hailing platforms, such as Uber and Lyft, this responsibility to produce a reliable vehicle-for-hire service has largely been transferred to private platforms. Using a case study of the City of Toronto and surrounding Greater Golden Horseshoe, this article examines how local regulation of this critical urban mobility service has changed. Drawing upon an analysis of 27 interviews with municipal staff, councilors and industry experts, a review of written local media, and a review of government documents, the study finds that municipalities are withdrawing from direct control of the industry due to a lack of tools of oversight and a prioritization of private industry over public service. The study discusses ongoing challenges that may be addressed by greater oversight of the service. It concludes by highlighting examples of municipalities growing their capacity for oversight and provides recommendations for further growth. ; Les municipalités de nombreuses régions du Canada ont réglementé les services de location de véhicules. Avec le development des plateformes de covoiturage, telles que Uber et Lyft, cette responsabilité de produire un service fiable a été largement transférée aux plateformes privées. À l'aide d'une étude de cas de la ville de Toronto et de la région du Golden Horseshoe, cet article examine comment la réglementation locale a changé dans ce service de mobilité urbaine essentiel. S'appuyant sur une analyse de 27 entretiens avec des employés municipaux, des conseillers et des experts du secteur, une revue des médias locaux écrits et un examen des documents gouvernementaux, l'étude constate que les municipalités se retirent du contrôle direct du secteur en raison d'un manque d'outils de surveillance et de la priorité accordée au secteur privé sur le service public. L'étude examine les défis actuels qui peuvent être relevés par une plus grande surveillance du service. Elle conclut en mettant en ...

"A long-standing market-leading text for urban geography courses with a Canadian perspective, Canadian Cities in Transition, now in its sixth edition, continues to examine the critical issues and major transformations taking place in urban Canada. Examining all facets of Canadian cities, including historical evolution, dynamics of economy, environmental impacts, urban lifestyles, cultural makeup, social structure, infrastructures, governance, planning, and appearance, the text is crafted to help the next generation address the urban problems they are inheriting and find solutions for them. With new chapters on digital cities and sustainable development, as well as new and expanded coverage of contemporary issues such as accessibility, gentrification, and the rise of the creative class, the new edition offers a comprehensive and current study of Canadian cities, written by Canadians for Canadians. "--

We investigate the spatial relationships among three prominent facets of contemporary urbanism – gentrification, studentification, and youthification – in the context of Canadian post-secondary educational institutions (universities and colleges). We conduct the analysis in three major Canadian cities with substantial knowledge economy sectors using confidential Statistics Canada census files, which include information on individuals and their geographies, and the location of universities and colleges, by enrolment size. We document 'spillover' effects of expansions in student enrolment and the building of campuses by analysing the geographic correlations among universities and gentrification and youthification. Studentification and youthification are to some extent coincident but not entirely, whereas the connection to gentrification is more complex. Our work provides novel insight into the ways the three different facets of contemporary urbanism overlap and contribute to our understanding of how universities and colleges, as hallmarks of the knowledge economy, influence the social geography of cities.

Canada is often described as a highly urbanized country. Increasingly, however, researchers recognize that Canada is in fact a suburban nation. This recognition has sparked a new research agenda on the Canadian suburbs from a variety of disciplines and perspectives. In this collection of essays, four leading scholars of the Canadian suburbs discuss the opportunities and challenges of suburbanization for Canadian public policy. The essays include:  • Canada is a Suburban Nation by David Gordon  • Voices from the Edges: Policy Insights from Young Suburbanites by Markus Moos and Khairunnabila Prayitno  • The Future of the Suburbs: Challenges and Opportunities in Municipal Finance by David Amborski  • Suburbanization and Politics by Zack Taylor

Canada is often described as a highly urbanized country. Increasingly, however, researchers recognize that Canada is in fact a suburban nation. This recognition has sparked a new research agenda on the Canadian suburbs from a variety of disciplines and perspectives. In this collection of essays, four leading scholars of the Canadian suburbs discuss the opportunities and challenges of suburbanization for Canadian public policy. The essays include: • Canada is a Suburban Nation by David Gordon • Voices from the Edges: Policy Insights from Young Suburbanites by Markus Moos and Khairunnabila Prayitno • The Future of the Suburbs: Challenges and Opportunities in Municipal Finance by David Amborski • Suburbanization and Politics by Zack Taylor

While North American suburbs remain largely dispersed and auto-dependent, they are also increasingly heterogeneous. Although some suburbs have long been punctuated with high-rise developments, for instance rental apartments in the Canadian context, there are now a growing number of new high-rise condominium developments in suburban settings in both the US and Canada. While much is known about downtown high-rise condominium developments, there has of yet been little to no analysis of this trend in the suburbs. We offer such an analysis using Statistics Canada census data from 2016 in the Toronto metropolitan area. We focus on commuting patterns as an indicator of auto-dependence to test whether suburbs with larger shares of new high-rise condominium apartments (high-rise condo clusters) exhibit lower shares of auto commuting. The focus on auto-dependence is important because development and land use plans commonly use environmental concerns arising from heavy automobile use as a rationale for high-rise development. Our findings suggest that in Toronto suburban high-rise condo clusters offer a less auto-intensive way of living in the suburbs than traditionally has been the case in the suburban ownership market. However, this seems to be limited to particular demographic groups, such as smaller households; and suburban high-rise condos are not an evident sign of a broader transition toward suburban sustainability among the population as a whole in the Toronto case. The potential for transitions toward suburban sustainability could be enhanced with greater investments in transit infrastructure and building higher density mid-rise and ground-oriented dwellings that accommodate larger households still commonly found in low-density, auto-dependent suburbs.

AbstractThe worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression has drawn worldwide attention to America's subprime mortgage sector and its linkages with predatory exploitation in working‐class and racially marginalized communities. During nearly two decades of expansion, agents of subprime capital fought regulation and reform by (1) using the doctrine of risk‐based pricing to equate financial innovation with democratized access to capital, (2) appealing to the cultural myths of the 'American Dream' of homeownership, and (3) dismissing well‐documented cases of racial discrimination and predatory abuse as anecdotal evidence of rare problems confined to a few lost‐cause places in what is otherwise a benevolent free‐market landscape. In this article, we challenge these three tactics. Properly adapted and updated, Harvey's (1974) theory of class‐monopoly rent allows us to map and interpret the localized, neighborhood exploitations of class and race in several hundred US metropolitan areas as they were woven through Wall Street securitization conduits into global networks of debt and investment. Understanding the structural inequalities of class‐monopoly rent is essential for analysis, organizing, and policy responses to the crisis.Résumé La crise financière mondiale la plus grave depuis la Grande Dépression a attiré le regard de la planète sur le secteur américain des prêts hypothécaires à risque (subprime) et sur ses liens avec une exploitation abusive au sein des communautés ouvrières et raciales marginalisées. Durant près de vingt ans de prospérité, les établissements de crédit hypothécaire à risque ont combattu réglementations et réformes: ils ont appliqué une 'tarification au risque' pour rapprocher innovation financière et accès démocratisé au capital; ils ont tiré parti des mythes culturels liés au 'Rêve américain' de la propriété individuelle; ils ont écarté les cas vérifiés de discrimination raciale et de comportement abusif, sous prétexte d'anecdotes isolées circonscrites à de rares sites voués à l'échec dans ce qui est par ailleurs une sphère bienveillante du libéralisme de marché. L'article met en cause ces trois tactiques. Une fois adaptée et actualisée, la théorie de Harvey (1974) sur les rentes de monopole de classe permet de cartographier les exploitations localisées (quartiers) de classes et de races dans plusieurs centaines de zones métropolitaines américaines, et d'expliquer comment elles ont glissé, via les canaux de titrisation de Wall Street, jusqu'aux réseaux internationaux d'endettement et de placement. Il faut appréhender les inégalités structurelles des rentes de monopole de classe pour pouvoir analyser, organiser et répondre à la crise par des politiques publiques.

ABSTRACTResearch and policy debates in the United States have focused on the dramatic growth of mortgage lending in the risky subprime sector, which serves consumers with weaker credit histories, and its concentration in racially and ethnically marginalised communities. Evidence linking the subprime boom to the proliferation of predatory abuses, however, is often dismissed as anecdotal or isolated in a few unique places. In this paper, we undertake a geographical analysis of the central justifications for deregulated risk‐based pricing: the proposition that subprime credit serves those who would otherwise be excluded, and reduces exclusionary credit denials. Multivariate analyses of metropolitan‐ and individual‐level processes across the US urban system provide evidence suggesting that subprime mortgage segmentation exacerbates rather than reduces traditional inequalities of denial‐based exclusion.

Suburbs that developed in metropolitan Canada post-World War II have historically been depicted as homogeneous landscapes of gendered domesticity, detached housing, White middle-class nuclear families, and heavy automobile use. We find that key features of this historical popular image do in fact persist across the nation's contemporary metropolitan landscape, particularly at the expanding fringes and in mid-sized cities near the largest metropolitan areas. Th e findings reflect suburbanization into new areas, point to enduring social exclusion, and recall the negative environmental consequences arising from suburban ways of living such as widespread automobile use and continuing sprawl. However, the analysis also points to the internal diversity thatmarks suburbanization today and to the growing presence of suburban ways of living in central areas. Our results suggest that planning policies promoting intensification and targeting social equity objectives are likely to remain ineff ective if society fails to challenge directly the political, economic and socio-cultural drivers behind the kind of suburban ways of living that fit popular imaginings of post-World War II suburbs in central areas. Our results suggest that planning policies promoting intensification and targeting social equity objectives are likely to remain ineffective if society fails to challenge directly the political, economic and socio-cultural drivers behind the kind of suburban ways of living that fit popular imaginings of post-World War II suburbs.

After Suburbia presents a cross-section of state-of-the-art scholarship in critical global suburban research and provides an in-depth study of the planet's urban peripheries to grasp the forms of urbanization in the twenty-first century. Based on cutting-edge conceptual thought and steeped in richly detailed empirical work conducted over the past decade, After Suburbia draws on research from Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, and the Americas to showcase comprehensive global scholarship on the urban periphery. Contributors explicitly reject the traditional centre-periphery dichotomy and the prioritization of epistemologies that favour the Global North, especially the North American cases, over other experiences. In doing so, the book strongly advances the notion of a post-suburban reality in which traditional dynamics of urban extension outward from the centre are replaced by a set of complex contradictory developments. After Suburbia examines multiple centralities and diverse peripheries which mesh to produce a surprisingly contradictory and diverse metropolitan landscape