Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction 2. Drought, migration, and conflict: What are the links and policy options? 3. Lessons from the El Nino-Induced Drought for the Southern Africa Development Community 4. Latin America and Caribbean and Northeast Brazil 5. Drought in the Yucatan: Maya Perspectives on Tradition, Change, and Adaptation 6. Drought adaptation in rural Colombia 7. Drought and the Gendered Livelihoods implications for smallholder farmers 8. Integrating regional climate and drought characteristics for effective assessment and mitigation of droughts in India 9. Earth-observation based assessment of selected targets and indicators of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk 10. Drought Monitoring and assessment in South Asia: Focus on integration of satellite technology and the future of food security 11. Early Warning Systems for drought and violent conflict -- towards potential cross-pollination 12. Making weather index insurance rational and effective for agriculture and livestock forage: Policy lessons from Andhra Pradesh 13. Drought Risk Insurance 14. An assessment of early warning systems to drought resilience among agricultural communities in Tanzania, Kenya and Mali 15. Impact of Climate Smart Agriculture on Resilience of Households to Climate Change in Northern Uganda 16. Can Social Protection Schemes deliver Resilience? Evidence from Rural Ethiopia 17. Drought responses and livestock management strategies after severe drought in semi-arid area, Laikipia, Kenya 18. Building resilience to drought among small scale farmers in East African drylands: technological options and governance perspectives 19. Drought preparedness in the Arid Lands of Kenya: What have we learned? 20. Achieving policy coherence for drought resilient food security in SSA -- lessons from the Horn of Africa 21. Managing water scarcity in dryland Colorado 22. Conclusion

abstract: Since 1900 only two Democratic presidential candidates have ever won the popular vote in South Dakota: Franklin Roosevelt (1932 and 1936) and Lyndon Johnson (1964). In 1976 Democratic candidate Jimmy Carter won 49.2% of South Dakota's popular vote, posting what is still to this date the best showing of a Democratic presidential candidate in the state since Johnson. Carter enjoyed higher support among rural South Dakotan voters than did incumbent President Gerald Ford and would have won the state if high urban voter turnout had not favored Ford. Although Ford had numerous disadvantages going into the election, including the fallout from Watergate and contentious agricultural policies, here we show by comparing county-level voting results with precipitation records that the anomalously high support for Carter among rural South Dakotans was likely associated with the socioeconomic consequences of an unusually severe drought that hit the state in the spring and summer of 1976.

Scholarly understanding of the relationship between climate change and human migration and displacement has expanded greatly in the last two decades. There is general agreement that migration is one of a range of outcomes that may emerge as households and communities cope with and adapt to climatic risks and hazards. Migration decisions are highly context-specific and vary according to interactions between economic, political, social, cultural, demographic, and other factors that operate across scale to create vulnerability and adaptive capacity (Black et al. 2011). Migration outcomes reflect a continuum of agency, from voluntary movement to involuntary displacement (Hugo 2011), and include immobile populations that may be unable to migrate in the face of high exposure to climatic risks because they lack the necessary means or opportunities (sometimes referred to as "trapped populations", (see Adger et al. 2015)) as well as groups that are reluctant to move due to strong attachments to place associated with economic, cultural, and/or social ties (Adams 2016; Zickgraf 2019). Scholarship on climate-migration has evolved somewhat independently from other fields of climate change impact scholarship, and this is reflected in successive generations of IPCC assessment reports that use a risk framing not found in most climate-migration literature. Policy makers' concerns about climate change impacts on migration have grown in recent years, creating demand for greater treatment of it in IPCC and other scientific assessment reporting. This in turn generates a need for a common conceptual foundation that links climate-migration research to wider climate change risk framings, to facilitate dialogue between researchers and policy makers. To this end, as active participants in assessing scholarship on migration and (im)mobility for the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, we offer a new conceptual framing of the links between climate change risks and migration. Original article DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03056-6. ...

For this special issue of the International Migration Review, we develop and provide a comprehensive organizing framework, the Migration Intersections Grid (MIG), to inform and guide migration research in and through the remainder of the twenty-first century. We motivate our work by conducting a high-level scoping review of summaries and syntheses of different directions of travel in migration research over time. Informed by these results, we then identify and describe 12 components that constitute the MIG, which, as we later discuss, is an interactive intersectional organizing framework. Finally, we illustrate the MIG's interactive intersectional nature by applying it to several areas of migration research where a comprehensive organizing framework of this sort is needed to address existing and emerging issues and questions now and in the coming decades.